Governing with health code: Standardising China's data network systems during COVID-19.

Noting the infrastructural turn in platform studies, the article conceives China's health code system, Jian Kang Ma (JKM), deployed to manage the COVID-19 crisis as a new social infrastructure that manifests the symbolic and material power of the Party State. Using the platform walkthrough method and documentary inquiry, we unpack the structures of platform governance and identify actors of the power to appreciate the socio-political dynamics of platform algorithms. JKM's structural power is not monolithic in the name of the Party State but supports a process of structuration that operates across multiple actors, administrative bodies and, governing layers. JKM has centralised data systems through the building of a nationwide algorithmic standard of COVID-19 governance. JKM typified the political dynamics of deterritorialisation, a reference to the state's governing mindset of eradicating local variants of policy implementation and governing autonomy in China. The removal of local power in pandemic administration has led to the production of a unified national subject. Such a comprehensive approach begs for greater nuance and sophisticated knowledge about those indigenous logics that platforms and algorithms operate and are embedded in, thus contributing to de-westernising platform studies.

Al señalar el giro infraestructural en los estudios de plataforma, el artículo concibe el sistema de código de salud de China, Jian Kang Ma (JKM), implementado para gestionar la crisis de COVID­19 como una nueva infraestructura social que manifiesta el poder simbólico y material del Estado Parte. Usando el método de recorrido de la plataforma y la investigación documental, desempaquetamos las estructuras de la gobernanza de la plataforma e identificamos a los actores del poder para apreciar la dinámica sociopolítica de los algoritmos de la plataforma. El poder estructural de JKM no es monolítico en nombre del Estado Parte, sino que respalda un proceso de estructuración que opera a través de múltiples actores, órganos administrativos y capas de gobierno. JKM ha centralizado los sistemas de datos a través de la construcción de un estándar algorítmico nacional de gobernanza COVID­19. JKM tipificó la dinámica política de la desterritorialización, una referencia a la mentalidad de gobierno del estado de erradicar las variantes locales de implementación de políticas y autonomía de gobierno en China. La eliminación del poder local en la administración de la pandemia ha llevado a la producción de un sujeto nacional unificado. Un enfoque tan completo exige mayores matices y un conocimiento más sofisticado sobre las lógicas indígenas en las que operan y están integrados las plataformas y los algoritmos, lo que contribuye a la desoccidentalización de los estudios de plataformas.

Community stakeholder and opinion formation toward end-of-life planning in Chinese community in Australia.

We examine the role of stakeholders in constructing new socio-cultural narratives of advance care planning in the Chinese community in Australia. Applying the communication theory of opinion leader(ship) and drawing on data from 41 interviews and field observation notes, we explore how stakeholders establish their authority and perform their expertise. Data analysis shows stakeholders have gained their opinion leadership status through demonstrating their ability to link the Chinese cultural values of family harmony and parental duty and the notions of self-empowerment and independence in official advance care planning promotions in Australia.