Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals tumor heterogeneity within salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma: A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma (SPA) is a common neoplasm of salivary glands that displays remarkable histological diversity. Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of gene rearrangements and cytoskeleton-remodeling-related myoepithelial cells in SPA tumorigenesis. Cytoskeleton remodeling is necessary for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a key process in tumor progression. However, the heterogeneity of tumor cells and cytoskeleton remodeling in SPA has not been extensively investigated. METHODS: An analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on 27 810 cells from two donors with SPA. Bioinformatic tools were used to assess differentially expressed genes, cell trajectories, and intercellular communications. Immunohistochemistry and double immunofluorescence staining were used to demonstrate FOXC1 and MYLK expression in SPA tissues. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed five distinct cell subtypes within the tumor cells of SPA, indicating a high level of intra-lesional heterogeneity. Cytoskeleton-remodeling-related genes were highly enriched in subtype 3 of the tumor cells, which showed a close interaction with mesenchymal cells. We found that tumoral FOXC1 expression was closely related to MYLK expression in the tumor cells of SPA. CONCLUSION: Tumor cells enriched with cytoskeleton-remodeling-related genes play a crucial role in SPA development, and FOXC1 may partially regulate this process.

Comprehensive analysis of 65 patients with Castleman disease in a single center in China.

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiologic, clinical, pathological characteristics, and treatment of patients with Castleman disease (CD) in a single center in China. We retrospectively analyzed the data of 65 Chinese CD patients, divided into unicentric CD (UCD) and multicentric CD (MCD) groups, and also microscopic subtypes as hypervascular (HV), plasmacytic (PC) and Mixed. Based on whether HHV-8 infection existed, MCD was subdivided into HHV-8-associated MCD and idiopathic Castleman disease (iMCD). Detailed epidemiologic, clinicopathological, and treatment data were analyzed and discussed. Of total 65 patients (UCD 33, MCD 32), HV (81.8%) accounted for the most of UCD and total. More females in UCD (60.6%) and more males in MCD (65.6%) were observed. CD occurred in all age groups, most commonly in 40-49 years. The mean age of onset of total was 38.5 years with PC higher than HV (45.5 vs. 35.1 years, P = 0.0413). The median diagnosis delay of MCD was longer than that of UCD (3.00 vs. 1.25 months, P = 0.0436). Abdomen (39.4%) and neck (30.3%) were the most-seen locations of lymphadenopathy in UCD, with neck (65.6%) being predominant in MCD. Mean major diameter of specimens of UCD was greater than MCD (6.4 vs. 3.1 cm, P < 0.0001). These results provided the featured and detailed profile of Castleman disease in Henan province in China with a considerable number of cases, which presented distinct evidence with other studies.

Syngnathia Between the Palate and Mouth Floor, Cleft Palate, and Funnel Chest.

Syngnathia is a rare malformation involving soft tissue and/or bony adhesions between the maxilla and mandible. Less than 40 patients have been reported in the literature. Here the authors report a 6-month-old infant diagnosed as syngnathia of the palate and mouth floor combined with cleft palate and funnel chest in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Henan Provincial People's Hospital in January 2015. The authors discussed and evaluated the diagnostic and treatment difficulties on surgical and anesthetic procedure. There is no standard treatment protocol, but early treatment is necessary to improve airway functions and infant feeding, and to support proper nutrition for the growth of maxillofacial region.

Fifty top-cited classic papers in orthopedic elbow surgery: A bibliometric analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The number of citations that a paper has received reflects the impact of the article within a particular medical area. Citation analysis concerning the most cited articles have been widely reported in orthopedic surgery and its subspecialties. However, which articles are cited most frequently in orthopedic elbow surgery is unknown. This study aimed to identify and analyze the characteristics of the 50 most cited articles in elbow surgery. METHODS: Science Citation Index Expanded was used to search for citations in 181 journals chosen according to the relevance for elbow publications. The 50 most cited articles in elbow surgery were identified. The title, authors, year of publications, article type, journal source, country, institution, number of citations, decade published, citation density and level of evidence were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The 50 most cited articles were published between 1950 and 2010. The 1980s was the most productive decade. The number of citations ranged from 388 to 124. All the articles were written in English and published in nine journals. The majority of articles originated from United States, followed by Canada and United Kingdom. Fracture was the most discussed topic. The majority of the top cited articles were clinical studies, with the remaining basic research. The most common level of evidence was level IV. CONCLUSIONS: Identification of the most cited papers in elbow surgery shows an insight into the historical development of elbow surgery and provides the foundation for further investigations.

The distribution of IGF2 and IMP3 in osteosarcoma and its relationship with angiogenesis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression patterns of IGF2 and IMP3 in osteosarcoma as well as its relationship with angiogenesis in the tumor. IGF2 and IMP3 expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in the serial sections of the osteosarcoma. The impacts of IGF2 and IMP3 expression patterns on tumor angiogenesis were evaluated by statistics. The IGF2 and IMP3 staining had different expression patterns in different osteosarcoma. Twelve out of the sixty-four cases of conventional osteosarcoma showed nuclear staining patterns, and twenty-nine showed cytoplasmic staining of IGF2 and IMP3 simultaneously. On the other hand, fourteen cases showed nuclear IGF2 staining but cytoplasmic IMP3 expression, and nine cases showed nuclear IMP3 staining and cytoplasmic IGF2 expression. Twenty-eight out of forty-seven cases of parosteal osteosarcoma showed nuclear IGF2 and IMP3 expression, nine showed cytoplasmic IGF2 and IMP3 expression simultaneously. Seven out of forty-seven cases of parosteal osteosarcoma expressed IGF2 with nuclear staining but expressed IMP3 with cytoplasmic staining. Meanwhile, three cases expressed IGF2 with cytoplasmic staining but expressed IMP3 with nuclear staining. Similar to the parosteal osteosarcoma, the periosteal osteosarcoma expressed IGF2 and IMP3 mainly with nuclear staining simultaneously, forty out of fifty-five cases of periosteal osteosarcoma did that. Five out of fifty-five cases expressed IGF2 and IMP3 with cytoplasmic staining at the same time. Four cases showed nuclear IGF2 staining and cytoplasmic IMP3 staining. In the parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma, there was no significant difference in IGF and IMP3 expression patterns (P = 0.216). However, compared with conventional osteosarcoma, the parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma showed significant difference in IMP3 and IGF2 expression (P = 0.016, P = 0.023). IGF2 and IMP3 expression patterns were positive correlation in the different osteosarcoma (r = 0.1021, P = 0.032). The Microvessel density (MVD) in osteosarcoma with IGF2 and IMP3 cytoplasmic staining was more than that with nuclear expression of IGF2 and IMP3, and the difference was significant (P = 0.024). Moreover, the conventional osteosarcoma with cytoplasmic IGF and IMP3 showed more MVD than parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma with cytoplasmic IGF and IMP3, and the difference was significant (P = 0.035). IGF2 and IMP3 had different expression patterns, which might be associated with angiogenesis. However, cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of IGF2 and IMP3 might play different roles in the angiogenesis of osteosarcoma.