[Determination of three new herbicide residues in soil, sediment and water by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].

Herbicides play an important role in preventing and controlling weeds and harmful plants and are increasingly used in agriculture, forestry, landscaping, and other fields. However, the effective utilization rate of herbicides is only 20%-30%, and most herbicides enter the atmosphere, soil, sediment, and water environments through drift, leaching, and runoff after field application. Herbicide residues in the environment pose potential risks to ecological safety and human health. Therefore, establishing analytical methods to determine herbicide residues in environmental samples is of great importance. In this study, an analytical method based on liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in positive electrospray ionization mode (ESI+) was developed for the determination of isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil residues in soil, sediment, and water. The instrumental detection parameters, including electrospray ionization mode, mobile phase, and chromatographic column, were optimized. The mobile phases were methanol (A) and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (B). Gradient elution was performed as follows: 0-1.0 min, 60%A; 1.0-2.0 min, 60%A-90%A; 2.0-3.0 min, 90%A; 3.0-4.0 min, 90%A-60%A; 4.0-5.0 min, 60%A. The samples were salted after extraction with acetonitrile and cleaned using a C18 solid-phase extraction column. Different solid-phase extraction columns and leaching conditions were investigated during sample pretreatment. Working curves in the neat solvent and matrix were constructed by plotting the measured peak areas as a function of the concentrations of the analytes in the neat solvent and matrix. Good linearities were found for isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil in the solvent and matrix-matched standards in the range of 0.0005-0.02 mg/L, with r≥0.9961. The matrix effects of the three herbicides in soil, sediment, and water ranged from -10.1% to 16.5%. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) for isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil were 0.05, 0.01, and 0.02 µg/kg, respectively. The limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) for isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil were 0.2, 0.05, and 0.05 µg/kg, respectively. The herbicides were applied to soil, sediment, and water at spiked levels of 0.005, 0.1, and 2.0 mg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries for isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil in soil, sediment, and water were in the ranges of 77.2%-101.9%, 77.9%-105.1%, and 80.8%-107.1%, respectively. The RSDs for isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil were in the ranges of 1.4%-12.8%, 1.2%-7.7%, and 1.5%-11.5%, respectively. The established method was used to analyze actual samples collected from four different sites in Zhejiang Province (Xiaoshan, Taizhou, Dongyang, and Yuhang) and one site in Heilongjiang (Jiamusi). The proposed method is simple, rapid, accurate, stable, and highly practical. It can be used to detect isoxaflutole, metazachlor, and saflufenacil residues in soil, sediment, and water and provides a reference for monitoring the residual pollution and environmental behavior of herbicides.

Mechanism of LncRNA FTX regulates nephroblastoma progression through MiR-215-5p/PI3K/AKT axis.

BACKGROUND: Nephroblastoma, also more commonly known as Wilms tumor (WT), is a common childhood malignancy that connects tumorigenesis and organ development in the kidney. OBJECTIVE: The current study focused on the effect of lncRNA FTX in nephroblastoma. STUDY DESIGN: Expression of lncRNA FTX in nephroblastoma tissues and cells was determined. The expression location of lncRNA FTX was detected by FISH. The binding of lncRNA FTX and miR-215-5p with Ago2 was verified by RIP. Following gain- and loss-of-function approaches, the crucial role of lncRNA FTX and miR-215-5p in nephroblastoma cell functions was measured with the involvement of the PI3K/AKT pathway. RESULTS: LncRNA FTX was elevated and miR-215-5p was declined in nephroblastoma. Silencing of lncRNA FTX or mimic of miR-215-5p inhibited the malignant properties of nephroblastoma cells. LncRNA FTX was localized in the cytoplasm and might bind miR-215-5p. LncRNA FTX promoted the malignant features of nephroblastoma cells by inhibiting miR-215-5p through activating of the PI3K/AKT pathway. CONCLUSIONS: LncRNA FTX is capable of accelerating nephroblastoma development in vitro by reducing miR-215-5p through activating of the PI3K/AKT pathway, indicating LncRNA FTX may possibly a future target for the diagnosis and treatment of nephroblastoma. SUMMARY FIGURE.

Residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of picoxystrobin in potato (Solanum tuberosum), citrus fruit (Citrus reticulata Blanco), and Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo.

Picoxystrobin is a systemic fungicide widely used on potato, citrus fruit, and Dendrobium officinale. To provide information for the risk assessment of potato, citrus, and Dendrobium officinale, field experiments combined with QuEChERS and HPLC-MS/MS were performed to detect picoxystrobin. Picoxystrobin had good linearity (R2 > 0.99), the average recovery rate was 75 - 102%, and the relative standard deviation was 1 - 11%. Picoxystrobin was utilized as the test agent in field experiments, and samples were evaluated and analyzed at various times after the final application utilizing random sampling. The results showed that picoxystrobin residuals in potato and citrus (orange meat) were ˂ 0.01 mg kg-1, whereas those in citrus whole fruit, D. officinale (fresh), and D. officinale (dried) were < 0.05 - 0.084, 0.16 - 3.82, and 0.34 - 9.05 mg kg-1, respectively. Based on these results, both the acute risk quotient (2.77%) and chronic risk quotient (8.7%) were ˂100%, and the dietary risk assessment indicated that the intake of picoxystrobin residues in potato, citrus fruit, and D. officinale did not pose a health risk. This study can guide the reasonable use of picoxystrobin in potato, citrus fruit, and D. officinale.

A systemic study of cyenopyrafen in strawberry cultivation system: Efficacy, residue behavior, and impact on honeybees (Apis mellifera L.).

The pesticide application method is one of the important factors affecting its effectiveness and residues, and the risk of pesticides to non-target organisms. To elucidate the effect of application methods on the efficacy and residue of cyenopyrafen, and the toxic effects on pollinators honeybees in strawberry cultivation, the efficacy and residual behavior of cyenopyrafen were investigated using foliar spray and backward leaf spray in field trials. The results showed that the initial deposition of cyenopyrafen using backward leaf spray on target leaves reached 5.06-9.81 mg/kg at the dose of 67.5-101.25 g a.i./ha, which was higher than that using foliar spray (2.62-3.71 mg/kg). The half-lives of cyenopyrafen in leaves for foliar and backward leaf spray was 2.3-3.3 and 5.3-5.9 d, respectively. The residues (10 d) of cyenopyrafen in leaves after backward leaf spray was 1.41-3.02 mg/kg, which was higher than that after foliar spraying (0.25-0.37 mg/kg). It is the main reason for the better efficacy after backward leaf spray. However, the residues (10 d) in strawberry after backward leaf spray and foliar spray was 0.04-0.10 and < 0.01 mg/kg, which were well below the established maximum residue levels of cyenopyrafen in Japan and South Korea for food safety. To further investigate the effects of cyenopyrafen residues after backward leaf spray application on pollinator honeybees, sublethal effects of cyenopyrafen on honeybees were studied. The results indicated a significant inhibition in the detoxification metabolic enzymes of honeybees under continuous exposure of cyenopyrafen (0.54 and 5.4 mg/L) over 8 d. The cyenopyrafen exposure also alters the composition of honeybee gut microbiota, such as increasing the relative abundance of Rhizobiales and decreasing the relative abundance of Acetobacterales. The comprehensive data on cyenopyrafen provide basic theoretical for environmental and ecological risk assessment, while backward leaf spray proved to be effective and safe for strawberry cultivation.

Residue analysis and dietary risk assessment of abamectin in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria.

To clarify the residue behavior and possible dietary risk of abamectin in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria, a method was developed for the simultaneous determination of abamectin residues in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, safe) ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The mean recovery of abamectin in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria was 86.48%-107.80%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.07%-10.12%. The detection rates of abamectin residues in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria were 62.50%, 87.50%, and 80.00%, respectively. The residues of abamectin in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria were not more than 0.020, 0.019, and 0.087 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, dietary risk assessment showed that the risk content of abamectin residues in long- and short-term dietary exposure for Chinese consumers was 61.57% and 0.41%-1.11%, respectively, indicating that abamectin in fresh corn, bitter melon, and Fritillaria in the market would not pose a significant risk to consumers.

Trifloxystrobin induced developmental toxicity by disturbing the ABC transporters, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in adult zebrafish.

The environmental risks of trifloxystrobin (TR) have drawn attention because of its multiplex toxicity on aquatic organisms, but few studies have paid close attention to its chronic toxicity at environmental concentrations. In present study, histopathology, metabolomics and transcriptomics were comprehensively performed to investigate the toxic effects and biological responses on adult zebrafish after exposure to 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L TR for 21 d. Results demonstrated long-term exposure of TR affected zebrafish liver, ovary and heart development. Metabolomics revealed 0.1, 1 and 10 µg/L TR simultaneously decreased the carbohydrates enriched in glucose metabolism and ABC transporters pathways, such as glycogen, lactose, lactulose, maltose, maltotriose, d-trehalose, while 1 µg/L and 10 µg/L TR significantly increased many metabolites related to glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism in zebrafish liver. Transcriptomics showed TR activated the transcription of the Abcb4, Abcb5 and Abcb11 involved in ABC transporters, Pck1, Pfk, Hk, Gyg1a and Pygma related to glucose metabolism, as well as the Lpcat1, Lpcat4, Gpat2, Cers and Sgms in glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism. Results further demonstrated high concentration of TR strongly affected the DNA repair system, while low dose of TR caused pronounced effects on cardiomyocytes and oocyte regulation pathways at transcriptional levels. The results indicated the abnormal liver, gonad and heart development caused by TR might be ascribed to the disturbance of carbohydrates and lipid metabolism mediating by the Abcb4, Abcb5 and Abcb11 ABC transporters, and long-term exposure of environmental concentration of TR was sufficient to affect zebrafish normal metabolism and development.

Study on the therapeutic effects and prognosis evaluation of non-invasive ventilation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with lung cancer.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent respiratory complication among the elderly, and its severity can escalate to respiratory failure as the disease progresses. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application value of non-invasive ventilation in the clinical treatment of patients with COPD and lung cancer. This study assesses its therapeutic effects and its impact on patients' quality of life (QoL) as measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Lung (FACT-L) scale. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 102 patients with COPD and lung cancer. Patients were divided into two groups: the control group (n= 48), who received conventional treatment, and the observation group (n= 54), who received non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in addition to conventional treatment. Relevant indicators of curative effect, including blood gas indices, incidence of dyspnoea, improvements in mental health and appetite, and FACT-L QoL scores, were analysed at 2 weeks, 1 month, and 6 months post-treatment. RESULTS: At 2 weeks post-treatment, the observation group who had used NIPPV showed significant improvements in blood gas indices, dyspnoea, mental state and self-care ability compared with the control group (p< 0.05). At 1 month, these benefits persisted and included improved maintenance of body weight (p< 0.05). By 6 months, the observation group had a lower incidence of pulmonary encephalopathy (p< 0.05), and QoL, as measured by the FACT-L scale, improved significantly in the observation group but declined in the control group (p< 0.05). CONCLUSION: NIPPV demonstrates significant efficacy in treating COPD patients with lung cancer, particularly in enhancing curative effects and improving patients' QoL.

Residue Analysis and Dietary Risk Assessment of Pymetrozine in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and Chrysanthemum morifolium (Ramat).

Pymetrozine is used on potato (S. tuberosum) and Chrysanthemum morifolium (C. morifolium) to obtain greater yield and quality. However, pesticide use carries the potential for residues to remain and be detected on harvested crops. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate pesticide residues in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium products that are commercially available for human consumption and to assess the associated dietary risks. For this study, a total of 340 samples (200 S. tuberosum samples and 140 C. morifolium samples) were collected randomly from supermarkets and farmer's markets. Residues of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium were detected by using an established and validated QuECHERS-HPLC-MS / MS method, while a dietary risk assessment of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium was performed using these data. The detection rates of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium samples were 92.31% and 98.17%, respectively, with residues not more than 0.036 and 0.024 mg/kg, respectively. Based on these results, the dietary risk assessment indicated that the intake of pymetrozine residues in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium does not pose a health risk. This work improved our understanding of the potential exposure risk of pymetrozine in S. tuberosum and C. morifolium.

Practical study on the application of full-cycle fast track surgical nursing model in patients with replantation of severed fingers: A retrospective analysis.

To explore the effect of full-cycle fast track surgical (FTS) nursing in patients with replantation of severed fingers, and observe its effect on functional recovery of replanted fingers and quality of life of patients. From January 2021 to December 2022, 86 patients with replantation of severed fingers were selected from Rizhao People's Hospital, 41 patients were given routine perioperative care, 45 patients were given full-cycle rapid rehabilitation surgical care. Compare the relevant indexes of the 2 groups of patients during hospitalization. Three months after discharge, the finger function recovery of the 2 groups were compared, and the quality of life of the patients was scored with the QL-Index scale, and the satisfaction was evaluated at the same time. The first time of getting out of bed and the time of hospitalization in the full-cycle FTS nursing group were significantly shorter than those in the conventional nursing group, and the incidence of postoperative nausea, vomiting, constipation and venous thromboembolism were significantly lower than those in the conventional nursing group. The anxiety score was significantly lower than that in the conventional nursing group, the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of arteriovenous crisis between the 2 groups (P > .05). Three months after discharge, the scores of finger sensation and movement, quality of life and satisfaction of patients in the FTS nursing group were higher than those in the conventional nursing group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Full-cycle fast track surgical nursing model can improve the in-patient experience, reduce the incidence of complications, promote rapid rehabilitation, improve the quality of life of patients, and improve satisfaction.

Dissipation Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Thiamethoxam, Pyraclostrobin, and Their Metabolites in Home-Style Pickled Cowpea.

In this study, the fate of two pesticides commonly used on cowpeas, thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin, during the preparation of home-made pickled cowpeas was investigated using an improved QuEChERS method combined with UHPLC-MS/MS. Although pesticide residues were primarily distributed on cowpea samples, some were transferred to brine. The dissipation half-life of thiamethoxam on cowpea samples was significantly shorter than that of pyraclostrobin due to thiamethoxam's higher water solubility. Thiamethoxam demonstrated a half-life of 5.12 ± 0.66 days, whereas pyraclostrobin exhibited a longer half-life of 71.46 ± 7.87 days. In addition, the degradation half-lives of these two pesticides in the whole system (cowpea and brine) were 45.01 ± 4.99 and 70.51 ± 5.91 days, respectively. This result indicates that the pickling did not effectively promote the degradation of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin. The metabolite clothianidin of thiamethoxam was not produced throughout the pickling process, but the metabolite BF 500-3 of pyraclostrobin was detected in cowpea samples. The detection rates for thiamethoxam, pyraclostrobin, and BF 500-3 in the 20 market samples were 10%, 70%, and 45%, respectively. However, the risk quotient analysis indicated that the risk of dietary intake of thiamethoxam and pyraclostrobin in pickled cowpeas by Chinese consumers was negligible.

A comparison of jade moxibustion and traditional moxibustion in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: This study was developed to compare the relative clinical efficacy of traditional moxibustion and Jade moxibustion in an effort to define the most effective approaches to treating knee osteoarthritis. METHODS: In total, 94 patients were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the traditional moxibustion (TM) and Jade moxibustion (JM) groups. For JM, a jade kneepad was preheated for 3 minutes via electrification, with the jade in the kneepad being pressed onto acupoints when reaching an initial temperature of 46°C. For patients in the TM group, moxa cones were applied to acupoints for treatment. In total, 12 treatments were performed for patients in each group, with treatment being conducted 3 times per week. Study outcomes included 36-item short-form health survey and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index knee stiffness scores. In addition, serum levels of osteoarthritis-related cytokines were measured. RESULTS: Overall, 89/94 patients completed this study, including 44 and 45 in the TM and JM groups, respectively. The 36-item short-form health survey physical functioning at weeks 12 and 24 (P = .033, 0.001), role-physical at weeks 4 and 24 (P = .030, 0.014), and role-emotional at week 4 (P = .045) were the only scores to differ significantly between the TM and JM groups. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index stiffness scores in the JM groups improved significantly relative to baseline at weeks 4, 8, 12, and 24 (all P < .01). The scores in the TM group differed significantly at all time points relative to baseline (all P < .01), with no differences between groups (all P > .05). Serum Interleukin-2 levels were lower in both groups (all P < .01). Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 only differed significantly for patients treated via JM (P < .05, P < .01), with the same also being true for Interleukin-1ß and Interleukin-8 in the TM group (all P < .01). No significant differences in other cytokines were observed, nor did they differ significantly between groups (all P > .05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that JM treatment can improve knee osteoarthritis patient quality of life, alleviating joint stiffness and restoring joint function with a level of efficacy comparable to TM.

Xenon-lamp simulated sunlight-induced photolysis of pyriclobenzuron in water: Kinetics, degradation pathways, and identification of photolysis products.

Pyriclobenzuron 1(PBU) is a novel molluscicide developed to control Pomacea canaliculate, and little information on its environmental fate has been published. In this study, the photolysis of PBU in an aqueous environment was simulated using a xenon lamp. Results showed that the photolysis of PBU in water followed first-order kinetics, exhibiting a t0.5 of 95.1 h and 83.6 h in Milli-Q water and river water, respectively. Two main photolysis products 2(PPs) were detected by HPLC-UV and identified by UPLC-Q/TOF MS, which were formed via the hydroxylation and photocatalytic hydro-dehalogenation of PBU, respectively. The initial relative abundance of photolysis product 1 3(PP-1) in Milli-Q water was 1.55 times higher than that in river water. PP-1 was detected at 26.5 % and 76.8 % of the maximum relative abundance in the river water and Milli-Q water after 720 h, respectively. Photolysis product 2 4(PP-2) was stable in water because of its weak hydrophilicity. The PP-2 detected after 720 h in Milli-Q water and river water was 93.7 % and 93.5 % of the maximum relative abundance, respectively. Finally, ECOSAR software was used to evaluate the acute aquatic toxicity of PBU and its PPs, revealing that the PPs had lower toxicity levels to non-target aquatic organisms.

METTL3 and STAT3 form a positive feedback loop to promote cell metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: It is well-established that most Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients die of metastasis, yet the potential mechanisms orchestrating metastasis remain poorly understood. Current evidence suggests that the dysregulation of METTL3-mediated m6A methylation modification is closely associated with cancer progression. STAT3 is an oncogenic transcription factor that reportedly plays a central role in the occurrence and development of HCC. However, the relationship between METTL3 and STAT3 in HCC metastasis remains unclear. METHODS: The relationship between METTL3 expression and the survival of HCC patients was assessed by online tools GEPIA and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Western blotting, Tissue microarray (TMA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were used to evaluate the expression levels of METTL3 and STAT3 in HCC cell lines and metastatic and non-metastatic tissues. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), MeRIP sequencing (MeRIP-seq), qRT-PCR, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), Western blotting and luciferase reporter gene assay were utilized to clarify the mechanism of METTL3 regulating STAT3 expression. Immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), IHC staining, TMA and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay were performed to explore the mechanism of STAT3 modulating METTL3 localization. Cell viability, wound healing and transwell assay, and orthotopic xenograft model were used to evaluate the role of METTL3-STAT3 feedback loop in the promotion of HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS: METTL3 and STAT3 are both abundantly expressed in high-metastatic HCC cells and tissues. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the expression of STAT3 and METTL3 in HCC tissues. Mechanistically, METTL3 could induce the m6A modification of STAT3 mRNA, and then promote the translation of m6A-contained STAT3 mRNA by interacting with the translation initiation machinery. In contrast, STAT3 promoted nuclear localization of METTL3 via transcriptionally upregulating WTAP, a vital member of the methyltransferase complex, and facilitated the methyltransferase function of METTL3. METTL3 and STAT3 form a positive feedback loop to accelerate HCC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal a novel mechanism of HCC metastasis and uncover the METTL3-STAT3 feedback signaling as a potential target for the anti-metastatic treatment of HCC. Video Abstract.

Uptake, translocation and subcellular distribution of broflanilide, afidopyropen, and flupyradifurone in mustard (Brassica juncea).

Novel pesticides broflanilide (BFI), afidopyropen (ADP), and flupyradifurone (FPO) have been widely used and become the new organic pollutants. However, uptake, translocation and residual distribution of BFI, ADP, and FPO in plants remain unclear. Therefore, residues distribution, uptake, and translocation of BFI, ADP, and FPO were investigated in mustard field trials and hydroponic experiments. The field results indicated that the residues of BFI, ADP, and FPO were 0.001-1.87 mg/kg at 0-21 d and dissipated fast in mustard (half-lives=5.2-11.3 d). More than 66.5 % of FPO residues were distributed in the cell-soluble fractions because of their high hydrophilicity, while hydrophobic BFI and ADP were primarily stored in the cell walls and organelles. The hydroponic data showed that the foliar uptake rates of BFI, ADP, and FPO were weak (bioconcentration factors<1), but the root uptake rate was strong (bioconcentration factors>1). The upward and downward translations of BFI, ADP, and FPO were limited (translation factor<1). BFI and ADP are uptake by roots via apoplast pathway, and FPO is uptake via symplastic pathway. This study contributes to the understanding of the formation of pesticide residues in plants and provides a reference for safe application and risk assessment of BFI, ADP, and FPO.

Residues and Dietary Risk Assessment of Prohexadione-Ca and Uniconazole in Oryza sativa L. and Citrus reticulata Blanco by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

A simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous quantitation of prohexadione-Ca and uniconazole in the field experiment of Oryza sativa L. and Citrus reticulata Blanco was established using solid-phase extraction (SPE) with polymer anion exchange (PAX) and Florisil followed by LC-MS/MS. The method demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.999 0), trueness (recoveries between 95~105%), precision (CVs between 0.8~12%), sensitivity, and repeatability (LOQ of 0.05 and 0.01 mg/kg, respectively). Residue tests were conducted in the field at 12 representative sites in China, revealing final concentrations of prohexadione-Ca and uniconazole in brown rice, rice hull, and rice straw to be below 0.05 mg/kg, while in whole citrus fruit and citrus pulp, they were below 0.01 mg/kg. These were below the maximum residue limits specified in China. The chronic dietary risks of prohexadione-Ca and uniconazole in rice crops and citrus fruits were calculated to be 0.48% and 0.91%, respectively. Our research suggests that the chronic risk associated with the daily consumption of rice crops and citrus fruit at the recommended dosage is acceptable.

A Facile and Rapid Strategy for Quantifying PCBs in Cereals Based on Dispersive Solid-Phase Extraction and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: A Reference for Safety Concerns in Sustainable Textiles.

Cereals and their derivative products such as starch and cyclodextrin are significant natural materials for sustainable textile processing (e.g., sizing, dispersing, etc.). However, the contamination of cereals with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) is often neglected, which has led to increasing concerns due to the adverse effects on end users. Therefore, monitoring PCBs in cereals is of great importance in preventing health risks. However, high starch, protein, and fat contents make cereals a complicated matrix and can challenge the analysis of PCBs in cereals. This work describes a facile and rapid strategy for quantifying 18 PCBs in cereals that included corn, wheat, and rice through dispersive solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Importantly, this was the first time that carboxyl-modified, multi-walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated in the detection of PCBs in cereals. The influences of several parameters on the extraction and clean-up efficiency were investigated; these included the type and volume of extraction solvent, sonication time, and the type and dosage of the adsorbent. The matrix effects on quantification were also evaluated. This approach exhibited a better clean-up performance. All the analytes showed weak matrix effects, and thus a solvent standard plot could be prepared for their quantification. Spiking experiments in the selected matrices at three concentration levels from 0.5 to 10 µg/kg resulted in satisfactory recoveries that ranged from 79.2% to 110.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs; n = 6) less than 10.3%. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) ranged from 0.04 to 0.1 µg/kg and 0.1 to 0.4 µg/kg, respectively. The practical application of this method was investigated by analyzing actual cereal samples, which demonstrated that the proposed approach was a facile and efficient strategy for PCB determination and provided a reference for the safety evaluation of sustainable textiles. The method also could be generalized to other troublesome samples for testing of multiple PCBs.

Promising Therapeutic Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived-Exosome in Asthma.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disturbance of the airways in which many cells and cellular elements are involved. Wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night or in the early morning, are typical symptoms of asthma. At present, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) and long-acting ß-agonists (LABAs) are standard treatments for regular management. Oral corticosteroids (OCSs) were recommended for controlling asthma exacerbation but only for a short-term treatment because of the side effects on organs. Biologic therapies have achieved exciting and notable effects in clinical treatment but are not applicable for all phenotypes of asthma. At present, some new approaches are under exploration to lessen side effects and improve curative effects. Studies have revealed that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) hold various curative effects in asthma and may benefit in the long term with high safety. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in body fluid were characterized as subcomponents of extracellular vesicles and delivered carriers combined with genetic messages in vivo. The therapeutic potential of exosomes has become a research hotspot in many diseases. BMMSC-derived exosomes were considered as the dominant part of BMMSCs in cell-to-cell communications and playing curative effects. Points also hold that BMMSC-Exo could interfere with airway inflammation and airway remolding in asthma via modulating the immune response, regulating gene expression, adjusting the phenotype of macrophage, etc. However, BMMSC-Exo still lacked more clinical trials for evaluating the effects on asthma, and the technology of extraction and purification still needs to be improved for wide use. This review aims to draw the relationship among asthma, BMMSC, and exosome, which may provide innovate ideas for treatment of asthma, and arouse attention about the curative potential of BMMSC-Exo.

Adsorption of flupyradifurone onto soils: kinetics, isotherms, and influencing factors.

The study of the adsorption properties of pesticides in soil is essential to assessing the risk of their pollution of nearby aquatic environments. To reveal the adsorption mechanisms of flupyradifurone (FPO) on soil, batch experiments in five different soils were carried out in this study. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms of FPO in five soils were well fitted by using several models (R2 = 0.922-0.998). It was found that both physical and chemical adsorption were included in the adsorption process of FPO in soils; the monolayer adsorption of FPO occurred with a non-uniform energy distribution on the soil surface, and the internal particle diffusion was not the only rate-controlling step. The adsorption coefficients calculated by using the Langmuir (KL) and Freundlich (KF) models were 0.0158-0.0982 and 1.053-9.798, respectively. In addition, the main factors affecting the adsorption of FPO in soil were investigated by stepwise regression fitted with the adsorption coefficient (Kd) and the soil properties. It was found that the organic carbon content was the main factor (R2 = 0.857, p < 0.05). Therefore, the organic carbon adsorption coefficients (Koc) were calculated. The results (1.0532-5.6529) indicated that FPO has a low affinity and high mobility in the soils, and may cause water environment pollution around the soil. Therefore, FPO should be used cautiously in paddy fields. These research findings were important for elucidating the sorption behaviour and transport of FPO in soil.

Histology and metabonomics reveal the toxic effects of kresoxim-methyl on adult zebrafish.

Studies have shown that kresoxim-methyl (KM) and other strobilurin fungicides have toxic effects on aquatic organisms. However, the potential deleterious effects of kresoxim-methyl (KM) on adult zebrafish regarding the ecological risk of environmental concentration remain unclear. Here, the histology and untargeted metabonomics was used to investigate the adverse effect on female zebrafish after exposure to KM at environmental concentration, aquatic life benchmark and one-half LC50 of adult zebrafish. Results demonstrated KM affected zebrafish liver, ovary and intestine development, blurred the boundary between hepatocytes or caused hepatic vacuoles, increased the percentage of perinucleolar oocyte and cortical alveolus oocyte, decreased intestinal goblet cells and disturbed villus and wall integrity after 21 d exposure. Metabonomics showed different concentrations of KM simultaneously influenced the metabolites annotated to vitamin digestion and absorption, serotonergic synapse, retinol metabolism, ovarian steroidogenesis and arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in zebrafish liver. Results showed the decreased triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as well as the metabolic alterations in amino acid, lipid, vitamin and retinol metabolism caused by KM, might disturb the energy supply for normal liver development and oocyte maturation. In addition, KM altered the transcription of Tdo2a, Tdo2b, Ido1, Cxcl8b, Cyp7a, Cyp11a, Cyp11b, Cyp17a, Cyp19a, Hsd3ß, Hsd17ß, Pla2, Ptgs2a and Ptgs2b, the level of TG, TC, MDA, IFN, IL6 and Ca2+, and the activity of CAT, SOD Ca2+-ATPase in zebrafish liver. Moreover, cytoscape analysis suggested the disturbed AA metabolism caused by KM, might interconnect multiple metabolic pathways to share implicated function in the regulation of oocyte maturation and immune response. Current study brought us closer to an incremental understanding of the toxic mechanism of KM on adult zebrafish, indicated there was crosstalk among different regulatory pathways to regulate the metabolic disorders and biologically hazardous effects induced by KM.

Risk assessment and prediction model of renal damage in childhood immunoglobulin A vasculitis.

Objectives: To explore the risk factors for renal damage in childhood immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) within 6 months and construct a clinical model for individual risk prediction. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1,007 children in our hospital and 287 children in other hospitals who were diagnosed with IgAV. Approximately 70% of the cases in our hospital were randomly selected using statistical product service soltions (SPSS) software for modeling. The remaining 30% of the cases were selected for internal verification, and the other hospital's cases were reviewed for external verification. A clinical prediction model for renal damage in children with IgAV was constructed by analyzing the modeling data through single-factor and multiple-factor logistic regression analyses. Then, we assessed and verified the degree of discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness of the model. Finally, the prediction model was rendered in the form of a nomogram. Results: Age, persistent cutaneous purpura, erythrocyte distribution width, complement C3, immunoglobulin G and triglycerides were independent influencing factors of renal damage in IgAV. Based on these factors, the area under the curve (AUC) for the prediction model was 0.772; the calibration curve did not significantly deviate from the ideal curve; and the clinical decision curve was higher than two extreme lines when the prediction probability was ~15-82%. When the internal and external verification datasets were applied to the prediction model, the AUC was 0.729 and 0.750, respectively, and the Z test was compared with the modeling AUC, P > 0.05. The calibration curves fluctuated around the ideal curve, and the clinical decision curve was higher than two extreme lines when the prediction probability was 25~84% and 14~73%, respectively. Conclusion: The prediction model has a good degree of discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness. Either the internal or external verification has better clinical efficacy, indicating that the model has repeatability and portability. Clinical trial registration: www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2000033435.