[SWOT analysis of risk prevention and control of microorganism pollution in shopping malls and supermarkets].

OBJECTIVE: To understand the status and problems of microbial pollution in shopping malls and supermarkets in China. METHODS: Microbial pollution in shopping malls and supermarkets was assessed by literature search, key information extraction and analysis. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats(SWOT) of risk control of pathogenic microorganisms in shopping malls and supermarkets were analyzed by SWOT analysis. RESULTS: Common bacteria in the indoor air of shopping malls and supermarkets included staphylococcus and Bacillus, and common fungi include Aspergillus and Penicillium. The bacteria detected in dust samples, escalator surfaces and floor surfaces were mainly Proteobacteria and Actinomyces. The complete public places laws and regulations, standards and health supervision system were the advantages of the risk prevention and control countermeasures of microbial contamination in shopping malls and supermarkets. At the same time, it also had the disadvantages of incomplete microbial-related indexes in the premises, and insufficiently detailed countermeasures for prevention and control in the premises. There were opportunities for multi-sectoral participation and post-licensing risk prevention, and it was also facing challenges brought by many factors affecting the health microenviroment and over-disinfection. CONCLUSION: The main sites for microbial risk prevention and control in superstore-type public places included high-frequency contact areas, key public supplies and utensils, indoor air, etc. , which could be prevented and controlled through a variety of measures such as controlling the release of the source, dilution and reduction, disinfection and denaturation, etc. , and exploring a comprehensive prevention and control system that involves the autonomy of the organization, industry self-regulation, collaboration of multi-government departments, and participation of the whole society.

The impact of physical activity on social anxiety among college students: the chain mediating effect of social support and psychological capital.

Objective: As a topic of widespread concern in the fields of mental health and public health, social anxiety has many negative impacts on the physical and mental health of contemporary college students. Therefore, this study aims to provide new ideas for solving the problem of social anxiety among college students by exploring the potential mediating role of social support and psychological capital in the relationship between physical activity and social anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 874 college students from five universities in Shandong Province. Various self-report tools such as physical activity rating scale, social support scale, positive psychological capital scale, and social anxiety scale were used to collect information needed for this study. Related data. Use this to conduct descriptive statistical analysis, correlation analysis, and mediation effect analysis. Results: The results showed that physical activity was significantly positively correlated with college students' social support (r = 0.354, p < 0.01) and psychological capital (r = 0.448, p < 0.01), and social support was significantly positively correlated with psychological capital (r = 0.556, p < 0.01), the above three are significantly negatively correlated with social anxiety (r = -0.326, -0.381, -0.432, p < 0.01); the mediation effect analysis shows that physical activity has a significant direct effect on college students' social anxiety The effect value is -0.136, accounting for 43.31% of the total effect; social support and psychological capital both play a separate mediating role between physical activity and social anxiety among college students, with effect values of -0.064 and -0.073 respectively, accounting for the total effect. 20.38, 23.25%, and also played a chain intermediary role, with an effect value of -0.041, accounting for 13.05% of the total effect. Conclusion: Current research shows that physical activity can not only directly reduce social anxiety among college students, but also indirectly alleviate social anxiety among college students by increasing the level of social support and psychological capital. This has important reference significance for helping college students in China and even around the world overcome social anxiety.

Optimal exercise modality and dose to improve depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder: A systematic review and Bayesian model-based network meta-analysis of RCTs.

Depression is a growing public health concern, and exercise is an adjunctive treatment modality to improve depression, but the optimal form of exercise and the optimal dose are still unclear. This systematic review examined the efficacy of four major types of exercise (aerobic, resistance, mixed, and mind-body) on depression, as well as the dose-response relationship between total and specific exercise and depressive symptoms. We included randomized controlled trials that included participants aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or a depressive symptom score above a threshold as determined by a validated screening measure, implemented one or more exercise therapy groups, and assessed depressive symptoms at baseline and follow-up. Forty-six studies (3164 patients) were included in the meta-analysis. Aerobic (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -0.93; 95% CI: -1.25 to -0.62) and mind-body exercise (SMD) = -0.81; 95% CI: -1.19 to -0.42) improved depressive symptoms better compared to controls, followed by mixed (SMD = -0.77; 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.34) and resistance exercise (SMD = -0.76; 95% CI: -1.24 to -0.28). This dose-response meta-analysis showed a U-shaped curve between exercise dose and depressive symptoms. The minimum effective dose was estimated to be 320 metabolic equivalent (METs) -min per week and the optimal response was 860 METs-min per week. These findings lead us to advocate that clinicians carefully select the appropriate dose of exercise based on the patient's individual characteristics and needs, in conjunction with psychological care interventions.

Regulation of optimized new Shengmai powder on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis in ischemic heart failure rats: The mediating role of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/tumor protein 53 signaling pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Optimized New Shengmai Powder (ONSMP) is a sophisticated traditional Chinese medicinal formula renowned for bolstering vital energy, optimizing blood circulation, and mitigating fluid retention. After years of clinical application, ONSMP has shown a significant impact in improving myocardial injury and cardiac function and has a positive effect on treating heart failure. However, many unknowns exist about the molecular biological mechanisms of how ONSMP exerts its therapeutic effects, which require further research and exploration. AIM OF THE STUDY: Exploring the potential molecular biological mechanisms by which ONSMP ameliorates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis in ischemic heart failure (IHF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, we constructed a rat model of IHF by inducing acute myocardial infarction through surgery and using echocardiography, organ coefficients, markers of heart failure, antioxidant markers, and histopathological examination to assess the effects of ONSMP on cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis in IHF rats. Next, we used bioinformatics analysis techniques to analyze the active components, signaling pathways, and core targets of ONSMP and calculated the interactions between core targets and corresponding elements. Finally, we detected the positive expression of apoptosis and ferroptosis markers and core indicators of signaling pathways by immunohistochemistry; detected the mean fluorescence intensity of core indicators of signaling pathways by immunofluorescence; detected the protein expression of signaling pathways and downstream effector molecules by western blotting; and detected the mRNA levels of p53 and downstream effector molecules by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: ONSMP can activate the Ser83 site of ASK by promoting the phosphorylation of the PI3K/AKT axis, thereby inhibiting the MKK3/6-p38 axis and the MKK4/7-JNK axis signaling to reduce p53 expression, and can also directly target and inhibit the activity of p53, ultimately inhibiting p53-mediated mRNA and protein increases in PUMA, SAT1, PIG3, and TFR1, as well as mRNA and protein decreases in SLC7A11, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis, effectively improving cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in IHF rat models. CONCLUSION: ONSMP can inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ferroptosis through the PI3K/AKT/p53 signaling pathway, delaying the development of IHF.

Decoding ferroptosis: Revealing the hidden assassin behind cardiovascular diseases.

The discovery of regulatory cell death processes has driven innovation in cardiovascular disease (CVD) therapeutic strategies. Over the past decade, ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death driven by excessive lipid peroxidation, has been shown to drive the development of multiple CVDs. This review provides insights into the evolution of the concept of ferroptosis, the similarities and differences with traditional modes of programmed cell death (e.g., apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis), as well as the core regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis (including cystine/glutamate transporter blockade, imbalance of iron metabolism, and lipid peroxidation). In addition, it provides not only a detailed review of the role of ferroptosis and its therapeutic potential in widely studied CVDs such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, and aortic aneurysm but also an overview of the phenomenon and therapeutic perspectives of ferroptosis in lesser-addressed CVDs such as cardiac valvulopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and sickle cell disease. This article aims to integrate this knowledge to provide a comprehensive view of ferroptosis in a wide range of CVDs and to drive innovation and progress in therapeutic strategies in this field.

Targeting MAPK-ERK/JNK pathway: A potential intervention mechanism of myocardial fibrosis in heart failure.

Myocardial fibrosis is a significant pathological basis of heart failure. Overactivation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways of MAPK family members synergistically promotes the proliferation of myocardial fibroblasts and accelerates the development of myocardial fibrosis. In addition to some small molecule inhibitors and Western drugs, many Chinese medicines can also inhibit the activity of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, thus slowing down the development of myocardial fibrosis, and are generally safe and effective. However, the specific biological mechanisms of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways in myocardial fibrosis still need to be fully understood, and there is no systematic review of existing drugs and methods to inhibit them from improving myocardial fibrosis. This study aims to summarize the roles and cross-linking mechanisms of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways in myocardial fibrosis and to systematically sort out the small-molecule inhibitors, Western drugs, traditional Chinese medicines, and non-pharmacological therapies that inhibit ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 to alleviate myocardial fibrosis. In the future, we hope to conduct more in-depth research from the perspective of precision-targeted therapy, using this as a basis for developing new drugs that provide new perspectives on the prevention and treatment of heart failure.

Characterization and childhood exposure assessment of toxic heavy metals in household dust under true living conditions from 10 China cities.

Health hazards caused by metal exposure in household dust are concerning environmental health problems. Exposure to toxic metals in household dust imposes unclear but solid health risks, especially for children. In this multicenter cross-sectional study, a total of 250 household dust samples were collected from ten stratified cities in China (Panjin, Shijiazhuang, Qingdao, Lanzhou, Luoyang, Ningbo, Xi'an, Wuxi, Mianyang, Shenzhen) between April 2018 and March 2019. Questionnaire was conducted to gather information on individuals' living environment and health status in real-life situations. Multivariate logistic regression and principal component analysis were conducted to identify risk factors and determine the sources of metals in household dust. The median concentration of five metals in household dust from 10 cities ranged from 0.03 to 73.18 µg/g. Among the five heavy metals, only chromium in household dust of Mianyang was observed significantly both higher in the cold season and from the downwind households. Mercury, cadmium, and chromium were higher in the third-tier cities, with levels of 0.08, 0.30 and 97.28 µg/g, respectively. There were two sources with a contribution rate of 38.3 % and 25.8 %, respectively. Potential risk factors for increased metal concentration include long residence time, close to the motorway, decoration within five years, and purchase of new furniture within one year. Under both moderate and high exposure scenarios, chromium showed the highest level of exposure with 6.77 × 10-4 and 2.28 × 10-3 mg·kg-1·d-1, and arsenic imposed the highest lifetime carcinogenic risk at 1.67 × 10-4 and 3.17 × 10-4, respectively. The finding highlighted the priority to minimize childhood exposure of arsenic from household dust.

The Best Exercise Modality and Dose for Reducing Pain in Adults With Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review With Model-Based Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the dose-response relationship between overall and specific exercise modalities and pain, in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain (LBP). DESIGN: Systematic review with Bayesian network meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: We searched the Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus databases from inception to June 2023. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized controlled trials of exercise interventions in adults with nonspecific chronic LBP and at least 1 pain outcome reported at the main trial end point. DATA SYNTHESIS: A random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted. We assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0, and used the GRADE approach to judge the certainty of evidence for each outcome. RESULTS: Eighty-two trials were included (n = 5033 participants). We found a nonlinear dose-response relationship between total exercise and pain in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP. The maximum significant response was observed at 920 MET minutes (standardized mean difference = -1.74; 95% credible intervals: -2.43, -1.04). The minimal clinically important difference for achieving meaningful pain improvement was 520 MET minutes per week. The dose to achieve minimal clinically important difference varied by type of exercise; Pilates was the most effective. The certainty of the evidence was very low to moderate for all outcomes. CONCLUSION: The dose-response relationship of different exercise modalities to improve pain in patients with nonspecific chronic LBP had a U-shaped trajectory and low- to moderate-certainty evidence. The clinical effect was most pronounced with Pilates exercise. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(5):1-13. Epub 8 March 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12153.

Optimized New Shengmai Powder modulation of cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway attenuates myocardial fibrosis in heart failure.

BACKGROUND: Optimized New Shengmai Powder (ONSMP) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula with significant anti-heart failure and myocardial fibrosis effects, but the specific molecular biological mechanisms are not fully understood. METHODS: In this study, we first used network pharmacology to analyze the ONSMP's active ingredients, core signaling pathways, and core targets. Second, calculate the affinity and binding modes of the ONSMP components to the core targets using molecular docking. Finally, the heart failure rat model was established by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery and assessing the effect of ONSMP on myocardial fibrosis in heart failure using echocardiography, cardiac organ coefficients, heart failure markers, and pathological sections after 4 weeks of drug intervention. The cAMP level in rat myocardium was determined using Elisa, the α-SMA and FSP-1 positive expression determined by immunohistochemistry, and the protein and mRNA levels of the cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway were detected by Western Blotting and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. RESULTS: The result shows that the possible mechanism of ONSMP in reducing myocardial fibrosis also includes the use of 12 active ingredients such as baicalin, vitamin D, resveratrol, tanshinone IIA, emodin, 15,16-dihydrotanshinone-i to regulate ß1-AR, AC6, EPAC1, Rap1 A, STAT3, and CCND1 on the cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts and reduce the excessive secretion of collagen, effectively improve cardiac function and ventricular remodeling in heart failure rats. CONCLUSION: This research shows that ONSMP can inhibit myocardial fibrosis and delay heart failure through the cAMP/Rap1A signaling pathway.

Effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to examine the effect of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity, and to explore the optimal dose of high-intensity interval training to improve cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. Methods: Randomized controlled trials on the effects of HIIT on cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity were retrieved from six electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP. The quality assessment of the included studies was conducted following the revised quality evaluation method based on the PRISMA principles. Keywords for literature search mainly include high-intensity interval, cardiorespiratory fitness, overweight, obese, children, and adolescent, etc. Results: (1) A total of 18 studies, comprising 581 participants (288 in the intervention group and 293 in the control group), were included and all of them were of moderate to high quality. (2) HIIT had a positive effect on the cardiorespiratory fitness levels of in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity (SMD = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.15; p < 0.00001). (3) The improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness was more significant when the HIIT intervention lasted for more than 10 weeks (SMD = 1.04; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.34; p < 0.00001), was conducted 3 times per week, with 2 to 8 sets per session (SMD = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.55; p < 0.00001), and maintained a ratio of approximately 1:1 between exercise and rest intervals (SMD = 1.11; 95% CI: 0.73, 1.50; p < 0.00001). Conclusion and recommendations: (1) Long-term HIIT can improve cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity. (2) To achieve significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in a short period, children and adolescents with overweight or obesity can engage in HIIT programs lasting for more than 10 weeks, conducted 3 times per week, with 2 to 8 sets per session, and a ratio of approximately 1:1 between exercise and rest intervals. Systematic Review Registration: Identifier: INPLASY202350033.

Potential dosimetric error in the adaptive workflow of a 1.5 T MR-Linac from patient movement relative to immobilisation systems.

In magnetic resonance- (MR-) based adaptive workflows for an MR-linac, the treatment plan is optimized and recalculated online using the daily MR images. The Unity MR-linac is supplied with a patient positioning device (ppd) using pelvic and abdomen thermoplastic masks attached to a board with high-density components. This study highlights the dosimetric effect of using this in such workflows when there are relative patient-ppd displacements, as these are not visualized on MR imaging and the treatment planning system assumes the patient is fixed relative to the ppd. The online adapted plans of two example rectum cancer patients treated at a Unity MR-linac were perturbed by introducing relative patient-ppd displacements, and the effect was evaluated on plan dosimetry. Forty-eight perturbed clinical adapted plans were recalculated, based on online MR-based synthetic computed tomography, and compared with the original plans, using dose-volume histogram parameters and gamma analysis. The target volume covered by the prescribed dose ( D pre ) and by at least 107% of D pre varied up to - 1.87% and + 3.67%, respectively for 0.5 cm displacements, and to - 3.18% and + 4.96% for 2 cm displacements; whilst 2%-2 mm gamma analysis showed a median value of 92.9%. The use of a patient positioning system with high-density components in a Unity MR-based online adaptive treatment workflow can introduce unrecognized errors in plan dosimetry and it is recommended not to use such a device for such treatments, without modifying the device and the workflow, followed by careful clinical evaluation, or alternatively to use other immobilization methods.

A Powerful Tool in the Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury: Natural and Nanoscale Modified Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MI/RI) constitutes a pivotal determinant impacting the long-term prognosis of individuals afflicted by ischemic cardiomyopathy subsequent to reperfusion therapy. Stem cells have garnered extensive application within the realm of MI/RI investigation, yielding tangible outcomes. Stem cell therapy encounters certain challenges in its application owing to the complexities associated with stem cell acquisition, a diminished homing rate, and a brief in vivo lifespan. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) originating from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to possess the benefits of abundant availability, reduced immunogenicity, and a diminished tumorigenic incidence. They can exert their effects on damaged organs, improving injuries by transporting a lot of constituents, including proteins, RNA, lipid droplets, and more. This phenomenon has garnered substantial attention in the context of MI/RI treatment. Simultaneously, MSC-derived sEV (MSC-sEV) can exhibit enhanced therapeutic advantages through bioengineering modifications, biomaterial incorporation, and natural drug interventions. Within this discourse, we shall appraise the utilization of MSC-sEV and their derivatives in the context of MI/RI treatment, aiming to offer valuable insights for future research endeavors related to MI/RI.