Unveiling the effects of environmental factors and Yellow River inputs on the ichthyoplankton community structure in typical bays.

To unravel the effects of environmental factors on fishery resources in the bay, we conducted six biological and environmental surveys in the Laizhou Bay between 2013 and 2020. The findings of our study illuminated several key aspects: (1) The annual discharge of water and sediment from the Yellow River to Laizhou Bay exhibited notable variations, while concurrently, environmental factors including temperature, salinity, and suspended particle matter underwent fluctuations, yet remained within a relatively stable range overall. (2) A total of 8318 eggs and larvae belonging to 10 orders, 16 families, and 19 genera were collected. Significant interannual fluctuations had been documented in the species composition, abundance, and biodiversity of ichthyoplankton. Notably, both Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index were significantly negatively correlated with suspended particle matter concentration. (3) The water and sediment discharge significantly positively correlated with the number of cold-temperature species. However, the sediment input negatively correlated with the number of continental shelf benthopelagic fish. (4) Redundancy and correlation analyses confirmed the strong link between spatial and temporal distribution of fish communities and environmental factors, with salinity and dissolved oxygen key for ichthyoplankton abundance. Our research offers a scientific foundation for targeted fishery protection and management, which is crucial for preserving the ecological functions of spawning grounds in the bay.

Nusinersen effectiveness and safety in pediatric patients with 5q-spinal muscular atrophy: a multi-center disease registry in China.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of nusinersen for the treatment of 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) among Chinese pediatric patients. METHODS: Using a longitudinal, multi-center registry, both prospective and retrospective data were collected from pediatric patients with 5q-SMA receiving nusinersen treatment across 18 centers in China. All patients fulfilling the eligibility criteria were included consecutively. Motor function outcomes were assessed post-treatment by SMA type. Safety profile was evaluated among patients starting nusinersen treatment post-enrollment. Descriptive analyses were used to report baseline characteristics, effectiveness, and safety results. RESULTS: As of March 2nd, 2023, 385 patients were included. Most patients demonstrated improvements or stability in motor function across all SMA types. Type II patients demonstrated mean changes [95% confidence interval (CI)] of 4.4 (3.4-5.4) and 4.1 (2.8-5.4) in Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale-Expanded (HFMSE), and 2.4 (1.7-3.1) and 2.3 (1.2-3.4) in Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM) scores at months 6 and 10. Type III patients exhibited mean changes (95% CI) of 3.9 (2.5-5.3) and 4.3 (2.6-6.0) in HFMSE, and 2.1 (1.2-3.0) and 1.5 (0.0-3.0) in RULM scores at months 6 and 10. Of the 132 patients, 62.9% experienced adverse events (AEs). Two patients experienced mild AEs (aseptic meningitis and myalgia) considered to be related to nusinersen by the investigator, with no sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: These data underscore the significance of nusinersen in Chinese pediatric patients with SMA regarding motor function improvement or stability, and support recommendations on nusinersen treatment by Chinese SMA guidelines and continuous coverage of nusinersen by basic medical insurance.

Evolution of catalyst design for controlled synthesis of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes.

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) possess superb properties originating from their unique chiral structures. However, accurately controlling the structure of SWCNTs remains challenging due to the structural similarities of their chiral structures, which hinders their widespread application in various fields, particularly in electronics. In recent years, much effort has been devoted to preparing single chiral SWCNTs by adopting three constructive strategies, including growth condition control for structurally unstable liquid catalysts, employing stable solid catalyst design, and pre-synthesis of carbon seeds with a well-defined shape. This review comprehensively discusses the state-of-the-art developments in these approaches as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, insights into the key challenges and future directions are provided for acquiring chirally pure SWCNTs.

Identifying Potential Drug Targets for Keloid: A Mendelian Randomization Study.

Keloids are a skin fibrosis disease characterized by troublesome symptoms, a varying degree of recurrence and inevitable side effects from treatments. Thus, identifying their drug targets is necessary. A 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using proteins from the intersection of the deCODE database and "The Druggable Genome and Support for Target Identification and Validation in Drug Development" as the exposure variable. The outcome variable was based on recently published GWAS of keloids. Summary data-based Mendelian randomization and colocalization analysis was employed to distinguish pleiotropy from linkage. Candidate targets underwent drug target analysis. The primary findings were validated through single-cell RNA-sequencing data, Western Blot and immunofluorescence staining on keloids. Seven proteins were identified as potential drug targets for keloids. Among these proteins, Hedgehog-interacting protein, neurotrimin [NTM], KLKB1, and CRIPTO showed positive correlations with keloids, while PLXNC1, SCG3 and PDGFD exhibited negative correlations. Combined with the single-cell RNA-sequencing data, NTM, PLXNC1, and PDGFD were found highly expressed in the fibroblasts. NTM showed a significant increase in keloids as compared to normal scars. In accordance with the analysis, higher levels of protein expression of NTM in keloids compared to normal skin was observed. The identified proteins may be appealing drug targets for keloids treatment with a special emphasis on NTM.

Acellular dermal matrix-assisted tissue expansion for giant congenital melanocytic nevi of the extremities and trunk in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: Tissue expansion for treating giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) is a commonly employed surgical method. However, the procedure's efficacy is often hindered by anatomical and histological characteristics as well as blood supply, particularly in the extremities and trunk. Enhancing expansion efficiency while reducing complications is thus a topic to be investigated, especially for pediatric patients undergoing rapid physical and psychological development with higher risks of non-compliance to medical instructions. OBJECT: To explore the effectiveness of expansion in extremities and trunk by immobilizing the acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in the gravitational force zone of inflating expanders. METHODS: All patients involved in this research underwent ADM-assisted tissue expansion in either the extremities or trunk. ADM was fully flattened, securely fixed to the lower pole of the expander, and subsequently attached to the inner surface of the expanding flap. RESULTS: From 2021 to 2023, a total of nine pediatric patients with GCMN underwent the ADM-assisted tissue expansion. All patients achieved the desired expanding volume without experiencing petechiae, ecchymosis, or skin ulceration in the ADM-covered area. The process was well tolerated by all patients, with no reports of itching, pain, allergic reaction, or fever. During the flap transfer, the ADM was observed to be firmly adhered to the expanding flap with discernible capillary network. CONCLUSION: ADM-assisted tissue expansion demonstrates promise in augmenting expansion efficiency and reducing the time needed for surgical intervention in the extremities and trunk, thereby presenting significant clinical value for pediatric patients afflicted with GCMN.

The Pendulum Movement of Orbital Fat and Retro-Orbicularis Oculi Fat: A New Strategy for Correction of Sunken Eyelid Deformity in Revision Upper Blepharoplasty for Asian Patients.

BACKGROUND: With an increasing number of East Asians undergoing blepharoplasty, the number of patients with secondary upper eyelid deformities is increasing. The sunken eyelid deformity is a common deformity after upper blepharoplasty in Asians due to over-resection, retraction, or atrophy of the nasal and central orbital fat pads. Herein, we present a novel procedure, the pendulum movement of orbital fat and retro-orbicularis oculi fat ("POR" technique), for correction of sunken eyelid deformity in secondary Asian blepharoplasty. METHODS: Patients who underwent secondary upper blepharoplasty with the POR technique by the senior author between January 2020 and October 2021 were identified retrospectively. Those with fewer than 6 months of follow-up were excluded. Patient charts and images were reviewed for demographic data, comorbidities, concomitant eyelid deformities, and postoperative complications. Pre- and postoperative aesthetics, including degree of sunken eyelid deformity, were assessed by two independent raters and by self-reported patient satisfaction. RESULTS: Forty-nine consecutive patients were identified, all of whom were female and had grade I or II sunken eyelid deformity. Median follow-up was 8 months. Concomitant deformities included high tarsal crease (N = 31 patients, 63.3%), ptosis (N = 13, 26.5%), and upper eyelid retraction (N = 5, 10.2%). Almost patients had improvement in their eyelid volume, and 95.9% had improvement in their aesthetic rating. Approximately 93.9% of patients were satisfied with the outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The POR technique is an effective technique for correction of sunken eyelid deformity and can be utilized in conjunction with other techniques during secondary blepharoplasty. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Helium Ion-Assisted Wet Etching of Silicon Carbide with Extremely Low Roughness for High-Quality Nanofabrication.

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for a wide range of applications, including mechanical nano-resonators, quantum photonics, and non-linear photonics. However, its chemical inertness poses challenges for etching in terms of resolution and smoothness. Herein, a novel approach known as helium ion-bombardment-enhanced etching (HIBEE) is presented to achieve high-quality SiC etching. The HIBEE technique utilizes a focused helium ion beam with a typical ion energy of 30 keV to disrupt the crystal lattices of SiC, thus enabling wet etching using hydrofluoric acids and hydrogen peroxide. The etching mechanism is verified via simulations and characterization. The use of a sub-nanometer beam spot of focused helium ions ensures fabrication resolution, and the resulting etched surface exhibits an extremely low roughness of ≈0.9 nm. One of the advantages of the HIBEE technique is that it does not require resist spin-coating and development processes, thus enabling the production of nanostructures on irregular SiC surfaces, such as suspended structures and sidewalls. Additionally, the unique interaction volume of helium ions with substrates enables the one-step fabrication of suspended nanobeam structures directly from bulk substrates. The HIBEE technique is expected to facilitate and accelerate the prototyping of high-quality SiC devices.

BAP18 acting as a novel peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α co-regulator contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy worldwide with a poor prognosis. The therapeutic outcomes of HCC patients are urgently needed to be improved, and predictive biomarkers for the optimal treatment selection remains to be further defined. In the present study, our results showed that BPTF-associated protein of 18 KDa (BAP18) was highly expressed in HCC tissues. In cultured HCC cells, BAP18 regulated a subset of down-stream genes involved in different functions, particularly including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, BAP18 co-activated PPARα-mediated transactivation and facilitated the recruitment of nucleosome acetyltransferase of H4 (NuA4)/tat interacting protein 60 (TIP60) complex, thereby increasing histone H4 acetylation on stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) loci. In addition, BAP18 promoted HCC cell proliferation, increased intracellular lipid levels and enhanced cell survival under the metabolic stress conditions, such as glucose limitation or tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) treatment. Importantly, higher BAP18 expression was positively correlated with the postoperative recurrence and the poor disease-free survival in clinical patients receiving sorafenib treatment. Altogether, we discovered that BAP18 plays an oncogenic role in the survival and proliferation of HCC cells, and BAP18 may serve as a predictive biomarker for adjunct TKIs treatment in patients with HCC, and further facilitate the precise treatment.

Clinical and functional study of two de novo variations of CDKL5 gene.

The cyclin-dependent kinase like 5 (CDKL5) gene variation is X-linked dominant and is associated with type 2 developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). Although numerous cases of CDKL5 have been reported, there is limited discussion regarding functional verification. We described two children with DEE caused by de novo variations of CDKL5 gene, analyzed their clinical manifestations, and performed genetic testing on their gene variation sites. The two cases presented with tonic seizures followed by epileptic spasms, indicative of refractory epilepsy. Physical examination revealed abnormal facial features, including wide eye distance, low nose base, and high nose bridge. Both cases exhibited developmental disabilities. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed widening of the bilateral frontotemporal extracerebral space. Genetic testing identified variations at the gene sites c.463 + 4A > G (splicing) and c.1854_1861delCAAAGTGA (p.D618Efs*18). Minigene experiments further confirmed that the intronic variation c.463 + 4A > G (splicing) disrupted splicing, leading to protein truncation. CDKL5 gene variation can lead to DEE, and intron variation site c.463 + 4A > G (splicing) can cause protein truncation, which is a pathogenic variation.

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids Are Associated with Clinical Pregnancy Outcome in Women Undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET: A Retrospective Study.

Gut microbiota and its metabolites are related to the female reproductive system. Animal experiments have demonstrated the relationship between gut microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and embryo quality. However, few studies have linked SCFAs to clinical pregnancy outcomes in humans. This retrospective cross-sectional study recruited 147 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET) (70 with no pregnancies and 77 with clinical pregnancies). The association between SCFAs levels and clinical pregnancy outcomes was evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The association between SCFAs and metabolic parameters was analyzed using a linear regression model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used for assessing the efficiency of SCFAs to evaluate the clinical pregnancy outcomes. Fecal propionate levels were significantly higher in the no pregnancy group than in the clinical pregnancy group (p < 0.01). Fecal acetate and butyrate levels were not significantly different between females with and without clinical pregnancies (p > 0.05). There were positive relationships between fecal propionate levels and fasting serum insulin (FSI) (r = 0.245, p = 0.003), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.276, p = 0.001), and triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.254, p = 0.002). Multivariate analyses determined that fecal propionate (OR, 1.103; 95% CI, 1.045-1.164; p < 0.001) was an independent risk factor for no pregnancies. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of fecal propionate was 0.702 (p < 0.001), with a sensitivity of 57.1% and a specificity of 79.2%. High fecal propionate concentration has a negative association on clinical pregnancy outcomes and is positively correlated with FSI, TG, and HOMA-IR.

Impact of a Lactobacillus dominant cervical microbiome, based on 16S-FAST profiling, on the reproductive outcomes of IVF patients.

Objective: This study assessed the impact of the cervical microbiome on reproductive outcomes in frozen embryo transfer (FET) patients. Study design: This cross-sectional study included 120 women (aged 20-40 years) undergoing FET. A cervical sample obtained before embryo transfer was analyzed using 16S full-length assembly sequencing technology (16S-FAST), which detects full length 16S rDNA. Results: We found that >48% of the identified Lactobacillus species were novel. The cervical microbiome was clustered into three cervical microbiome types (CMT): CMT1, dominated by L. crispatus; CMT2, dominated by L. iners; and CMT3, dominated by other bacteria. CMT1 had a significantly higher biochemical pregnancy rate (P=0.008) and clinical pregnancy rate (P=0.006) than CMT2 and CMT3. Logistic analysis showed that compared to CMT1, CMT2 and CMT3 were independent risk factors for biochemical pregnancy failure (odds ratio [OR]: 6.315, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.047-19.476, P=0.001; OR: 3.635, 95% CI: 1.084-12.189, P=0.037) and clinical pregnancy failure (OR: 4.883, 95% CI: 1.847-12.908, P=0.001; OR: 3.478, 95% CI: 1.221-9.911, P=0.020). A L. crispatus-dominated group as a diagnostic indicator of biochemical and clinical pregnancy positive had area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.651(P=0.008) and 0.645(P=0.007), respectively. Combining the cervical microbiome with embryonic stage optimized the diagnostic performance for biochemical and clinical pregnancy failure with AUC values of 0.743(P<0.001) and 0.702(P<0.001), respectively. Additionally, relative abundance of L. crispatus predicted biochemical pregnancy positive with AUC values of 0.679(P=0.002) and clinical pregnancy positive with AUC values of 0.659(P=0.003). Conclusion: Cervical microbiome profiling using 16S-FAST enables stratification of the chance of becoming pregnant prior to FET. Knowledge of the cervical microbiota may enable couples to make more balanced decisions regarding the timing and continuation of FET treatment cycles.

ATP6V0C gene variants were identified in individuals with epilepsy, with or without developmental delay.

The cause of epilepsy with or without developmental disorders was unidentified in a significant proportion of patients. Whole exome sequencing was performed in three unrelated patients with early-onset epilepsy, with or without developmental delay and intellectual disability. We identified de novo heterozygous variants (p.Arg119Trp, p.Val99_Ser102del, c.260_263 + 11delinsGCCCA) in the ATP6V0C gene, which encodes a subunit of vacuolar ATPase. Three-dimensional protein modeling showed that the variant p.Arg119Trp in ATP6V0C affected the hydrogen bonds with the 115th and 123rd residues, and the protein stability. The p.Val99_Ser102del and c.260_263 + 11delinsGCCCA variants in the other two patients resulted in a loss of function with microdeletion or splicing effects. Their seizures and psychomotor developmental outcomes were different, and all patients had a good prognosis. Our study provides evidence that de novo heterozygous ATP6V0C variants are related to epilepsy and associated with or without developmental delay.

Polychromatic full-polarization control in mid-infrared light.

Objects with different shapes, materials and temperatures can emit distinct polarizations and spectral information in mid-infrared band, which provides a unique signature in the transparent window for object identification. However, the crosstalk among various polarization and wavelength channels prevents from accurate mid-infrared detections at high signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we report full-polarization metasurfaces to break the inherent eigen-polarization constraint over the wavelengths in mid-infrared. This recipe enables to select arbitrary orthogonal polarization basis at individual wavelength independently, therefore alleviating the crosstalk and efficiency degradation. A six-channel all-silicon metasurface is specifically presented to project focused mid-infrared light to distinct positions at three wavelengths, each with a pair of arbitrarily chosen orthogonal polarizations. An isolation ratio of 117 between neighboring polarization channels is experimentally recorded, exhibiting detection sensitivity one order of magnitude higher than existing infrared detectors. Remarkably, the high aspect ratio ~30 of our meta-structures manufactured by deep silicon etching technology at temperature -150 °C guarantees the large and precise phase dispersion control over a broadband from 3 to 4.5 µm. We believe our results would benefit the noise-immune mid-infrared detections in remote sensing and space-to-ground communications.

Community structure characteristics of ichthyoplankton during the water-sediment regulation scheme in the Yellow River in 2020 and 2021.

The Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS) will deliver large amounts of water and sand to the Yellow River basin within a short period of time. This will significantly change the physicochemical environment of the Yellow River estuary and the surrounding marine ecosystem. Its effects on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton are still unknown. In this study, six surface horizontal trawl surveys of ichthyoplankton were conducted during the WSRS in 2020 and 2021 using plankton nets. The results were as follows: (1) the estuarine sedentary fish Cynoglossus joyeri was the main species controlling the succession pattern of summer ichthyoplankton communities in the Yellow River estuary. (2) The WSRS influenced the ichthyoplankton community structure by changing the runoff, salinity, and suspension environment in the estuary. (3) The northern and southeastern parts of the estuary near Laizhou Bay were the main aggregation areas of the ichthyoplankton community.

The Advantage of Growth Hormone Alone as an Adjuvant Therapy in Advanced Age and BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 with In Vitro Fertilization Failure Due to Poor Embryo Quality.

This study aimed to assess the effects of GH adjuvant therapy on the cumulative live birth rate in patients with poor embryo quality and to determine the characteristics of patients who are more responsive to GH. A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients who have suffered from previous IVF failure due to poor embryonic development and underwent IVF with or without a 6-week pretreatment with GH in the subsequent cycle from January 2018 to December 2020. Clinical parameters including the cumulative live birth rate between the (-) GH and (+) GH groups were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed to ascertain associations between clinical parameters and cumulative live birth rate. Upon analysis of the clinical data from 236 IVF cycles, 84 patients received GH and 152 did not receive GH. In frozen embryo transfer cycles, compared with the (-) GH group, the implantation rate and live birth rate were significantly higher in the (+) GH group (p < 0.05). After adjusting for possible confounding factors, GH improved cumulative live birth per oocyte retrieval cycle by 1.96 folds (p = 0.032). Furthermore, when patients were subdivided based on age and BMI, a significant increase in the cumulative live birth rate was found in the (+) GH group of patients between 35 and 42 years old and BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, respectively (p < 0.05). GH may increase the live birth rate in women who experienced IVF failure because of poor embryonic development, particularly in obese patients and women with advanced age.

Activation of ALOX12 by a multi-organelle-orienting photosensitizer drives ACSL4-independent cell ferroptosis.

Ferroptosis is a recently-defined tumor suppression mechanism, but the sensitivity of many tumorigenic cells to ferroptosis is limited by their deficient expression of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4). Here, we report the discovery of a photosensitizer, namely TPCI, which can evoke ACSL4-independent ferroptosis of cancer cells in photodynamic therapy. Through co-localization with 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12) in multiple subcellular organelles, TPCI activates ALOX12 to generate lipid reactive oxygen species in large quantity and trigger cell ferroptosis. Intriguingly, confining TPCI exclusively in lysosomes switches the cell death from ferroptosis to apoptosis. More strikingly, the ferroptosis mediated by TPCI-induced ALOX12 activation does not require the participation of ACSL4. Therefore, our study identifies TPCI as the first ALOX12 activator to induce ferroptosis independent of ACSL4, which renders a viable therapeutic approach on the basis of distinct ferroptosis of cancer cells, regardless their ACSL4 expressions.

Inspection depth of uterine lumen measured by transvaginal ultrasound is associated with the success of IVF: a prospective longitudinal cohort study in China.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the inspection depth of uterine lumen by transvaginal ultrasound and assess the association between the inspection depth and pregnancy outcomes in IVF-ET. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted from June 2018 to December 2020. We enrolled patients aged 20-45 years who underwent frozen embryo transfer cycle. We calculated the average distance from the uterine lumen to the ultrasound probe (inspection depth) using transvaginal ultrasonography and divided the entire cohort into four groups according to the quartiles of the overall inspection depth distribution. The chi-square test was used to compare the pregnancy outcomes of the four groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the inspection depth and pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS: Seven hundred forty-two patients were finally enrolled, and they were grouped according to the inspection depth quartiles. There were significant decrease in the clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates among the four groups (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant difference in the miscarriage rate. Multivariable logistic regression analysis with the inspection depth as a continuous variable demonstrated that the inspection depth was associated with clinical pregnancy, implantation, and live birth rates (clinical pregnancy rate, adjusted odds ratio, 0.549; 95% confidence interval, 0.380-0.793; implantation rate, adjusted odds ratio, 0.680; 95% confidence interval, 0.496-0.931; live birth rate, adjusted odds ratio, 0.602; 95% confidence interval, 0.420-0.863), but not with the miscarriage rate. CONCLUSIONS: The inspection depth of the uterine lumen measured by transvaginal ultrasound was associated with IVF success. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This prospective observational study was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) (ChiCTR2200057977) on March 24, 2022, retrospectively registered.

Enterotypes in asthenospermia patients with obesity.

The essence of enterotypes is stratifying the entire human gut microbiome, which modulates the association between diet and disease risk. A study was designed at the Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University and Jinghua Hospital of Shenyang. Prevotella and Bacteroides were analyzed in 407 samples of stool, including 178 men with enterotype B (61 normal, 117 overweight/obese) and 229 men with enterotype P (74 normal, 155 overweight/obese). The ratio between Prevotella and Bacteroides abundance, P/B, was used as a simplified way to distinguish the predominant enterotype. In enterotype P group (P/B ≥ 0.01), obesity was a risk factor for a reduced rate of forward progressive sperm motility (odds ratio [OR] 3.350; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.881-5.966; P < 0.001), and a reduced rate of total sperm motility (OR 4.298; 95% CI 2.365-7.809; P < 0.001). Obesity was also an independent risk factor (OR 3.131; 95% CI 1.749-5.607; P < 0.001) after adjusting follicle-stimulating hormone. In enterotype P, body mass index, as a diagnostic indicator of a reduced rate of forward progressive sperm motility and a decreased rate of decreased total sperm motility, had AUC values of 0.627 (P = 0.001) and 0.675 (P < 0.0001), respectively, which were significantly higher than the predicted values in all patients. However, in enterotype B group (P < 0.01), obesity was not a risk factor for asthenospermia, where no significant difference between obesity and sperm quality parameters was observed. This study is tried to introduce enterotypes as a population-based individualized classification index to investigate the correlation between BMI and asthenospermia. In our study, overweight/obese men with enterotype P were found to have poorer sperm quality. however, sperm quality was not associated with overweight/obese in men with enterotype B. Thereof, BMI is a risk factor for asthenospermia only in men with enterotype P, but not in men with enterotype B.

Bioinformatics searching of diagnostic markers and immune infiltration in polycystic ovary syndrome.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine diseases in reproductive-aged women, and it affects numerous women worldwide. This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic markers and explore the infiltration of immune cells in PCOS, contributing to the development of potential therapeutic drugs for this disease. We identified five key genes: CBLN1 (AUC = 0.924), DNAH5 (AUC = 0.867), HMOX1 (AUC = 0.971), SLC26A8 (AUC = 0,933), and LOC100507250 (AUC = 0.848) as diagnostic markers of PCOS. Compared with paired normal group, naïve B cells, gamma delta T cells, resting CD4 memory T cells, and activated CD4 memory T cells were significantly decreased in PCOS while M2 macrophages were significantly increased. Significant correlations were presented between the five key genes and the components of immune infiltrate. The results of CMap suggest that four drugs, ISOX, apicidin, scriptaid, and NSC-94258, have the potential to reverse PCOS. The present study helps provide novel insights for the prevention and treatment of PCOS, and immune cell infiltration plays a role that cannot be ignored in the occurrence and progression of the disease.