RESUMO
Neoboutonia macrocalyx is a plant used by traditional healers among the Meru community in Kenya. Chromatographic fractionation of the petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of this plant yielded one known (1) and three new tigliane-type diterpenoids (2-4). The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were established through spectroscopic data interpretation.
Assuntos
Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/isolamento & purificação , Euphorbiaceae/química , Plantas Medicinais/química , Animais , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Quênia , Medicinas Tradicionais Africanas , Estrutura Molecular , Casca de Planta/química , Plasmodium falciparum/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The present paper discusses the effects of the crude extracts of Trichoderma spp. on a number of fungal and bacterial organisms. These include Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium notatum, Nematospora corylii, Mucor miehei, Bacillus brevis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter dissolvens and Sarcina lutea. The culture broth extracts of different isolates of Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachiatum and T. koningii cultured in different media were investigated individually for in-vitro antifungal and antibacterial activities by agar diffusion technique. The culture broth extracts of T. harzianum produced definite antifungal and antibacterial activities against most of the test organisms. The results indicate that the extracts were fungicidal and antibacterial at a concentration of 100 microg per 6mm paper disks. Trichoderma harzianum showed the highest activity while T. koningii showed the least activity against most of the test organisms especially the yeast Nematospora coryli. The results of this study indicate that the Trichoderma species especially T. harzianum is a possible source of useful antimicrobial agents against pathogenic microorganisms which include gram-negative, gram-positive, fungi and yeasts.
Assuntos
Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Trichoderma , Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Infecciosos , Antifúngicos/isolamento & purificação , Bacillus subtilis/efeitos dos fármacos , Fermentação , Trichoderma/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The methanolic extract of the fresh root bark and berries of Solanum aculeastrum showed significant activity against host snails of schistosomiasis. The berries extract was more potent with 100% snail kill at 50 ppm. Fractionation increased activity with 100% mortality at 20 ppm. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the berries showed moderate antimicrobial activity, increasing by fractionation.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biomphalaria/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias Gram-Positivas/efeitos dos fármacos , Moluscocidas/farmacologia , Fitoterapia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Solanum , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Frutas , Humanos , Moluscocidas/administração & dosagem , Moluscocidas/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Raízes de Plantas , Esquistossomose/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Solanum aculeastrum Dunal was investigated for the presence of molluscicidal compounds. This led to the isolation of solaculine A, from the root bark in addition to known steroidal alkaloids; solamargine and beta-solamarine from the berries. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. Molluscicidal activity of the aqueous extracts of the berries and root bark, and the isolated compounds were investigated.