Withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatments in the COVID-19 pandemic: adherence to legal standards.

OBJECTIVES: In France, when the patient is unable to express his wishes, the decision to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining treatment (WWLST) is made following a collegial procedure described by a law. The aim of our study was to assess how closely this WWLST decision-making procedure in end of life patients was maintained during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This retrospective observational multicentre study compared the rate of non-compliance with WWLST decision-making procedures during the pandemic period from March to June 2020 with control period in 2019, in Clermont-Ferrand and Lyon Hospitals. Secondary objectives were to determine the factors associated with non-compliance. RESULTS: In 430 deceased patients included (176 in 2019 and 254 in 2020), the rate of non-compliance was 61.4% in 2019 and 59.1% in 2020 (p=0.63). In multivariable analysis, non-compliance was associated with immunosuppression status (OR 1.69, 95% CI (1.12 to 2.54), p=0.01) but was lower in intensive care unit (OR 0.54, 95% CI (0.36 to 0.82), p=0.003) and when the patient had visits from relatives (OR 0.41, 95% CI (0.22 to 0.75), p=0.004). CONCLUSION: In France, more than half of WWLST decisions do not comply with the law. The COVID-19 pandemic did not increase this non-compliance rate. Further studies are needed for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying non-compliance with WWLST decision-making procedure. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04452487.

Systematic review of care needs for older patients treated with anticancer drugs.

OBJECTIVE: When treated with anticancer therapies, a number of issues are raised for older patients such as physical needs (coping with symptoms and side-effects) or psychological needs. Geriatric tailored interventions addressing these needs may be effective in terms of improving quality of life of our patients. METHODS: A systematic review was performed in September 2017 in MEDLINE. All reports assessing older patients with cancer care needs in the context of anticancer systemic therapy were reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 357 articles were analyzed. From these, 35 studies were included in the analysis. Compared to younger patients, the elderly had less supportive care needs. While older patients asked for less information than their younger counterparts, they still requested information on diagnosis, seriousness of the disease, chances of cure, spread of the disease, recovery, courses of illness, possible consequences, treatment procedures, treatment options, possible side effects and how to deal with them, and what they could do in daily life. When taking into consideration the various needs as assessed by the "Supportive Care Needs Survey", physical and daily living were the most frequently reported needs with emphasis on nutrition, coping with physical symptoms, dealing with side effects of treatment, and performing usual physical tasks and activities. CONCLUSION: Information demand seemed moderate but a great deal of attention was paid to nutrition and well-being.

Pilot study: effectiveness of a training program about autonomy in elderly patients hospitalized after an acute episode.

Patients hospitalized in rehabilitation after an acute episode is at high risk of functional impairment and require active measures to prevent loss of autonomy. Resistance training has been proved beneficial to improve physical performances of aged subjects in the community. However, the feasibility and effects of training programs has never been assessed among hospitalized patients after an acute medical episode. In this pilot study, we aimed to evaluate a personalized training program of adapted physical education teacher combining muscular reinforcement and endurance training among patients over 65 year-old hospitalized in a geriatric rehabilitation care setting. The principal outcome considered was the evolution of the SPPB (short physical performance battery) score from baseline, after the 3-week period of training. Thirty-eight patients (mean age> 80 years) participated to the program. The mean SPPB score at baseline was 6.37 points (standard deviation: 2.17). After the intervention, the SPPB showed a significant improvement of 2.50 points, to reach 8.87 points (standard deviation: ±1.60; p=0.001). These results confirm the feasibility of resistance-training programs among hospitalized elderly. The observed improvements in terms of physic al performances also appear promising with regard to the prevention of loss of autonomy during rehabilitation after acute medical episodes.