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1.
J Food Sci ; 75(3): M150-4, 2010 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20492304

RESUMO

Red muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) juices with natural organic, phenolic acids and polyphenol compounds were tested against Cronobacter sakazakii. The concentration of total phenolic compounds of commercial baby juices ranged from 176.7 to 347.7 mg/mL. Commercial baby juices showed poor antimicrobial activity, reducing less than 1-log of C. sakazakii in juice samples for 2 h at 37 degrees C. Red muscadine juices, regardless of processing methods (filtration, pasteurization, and sterilization), achieved a 6-log reduction of C. sakazakii in the same time period (2 h). The mixture of synthetic organic acids (malic and tartaric acids) and polyphenolic acid (tannic acid) showed strong antimicrobial activity against C. sakazakii. Among synthetic organic acids, tannic acid was undetected in commercial baby juices. Tannic acid showed the highest antimicrobial activity (1.4- to 3.8-log reduction) against C. sakazakii, while malic and tartaric acids showed less than 0.5-log reduction. These results suggest that red muscadine juice could be utilized as a natural antimicrobial in baby food formulations to inhibit C. sakazakii.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/análise , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Bebidas/análise , Cronobacter sakazakii/efeitos dos fármacos , Cronobacter sakazakii/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Frutas/química , Vitis/química , Ácido Elágico/análise , Flavonoides/análise , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , Conservantes de Alimentos/análise , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Lactente , Alimentos Infantis/análise , Malatos/análise , Malatos/farmacologia , Fenóis/análise , Polifenóis , Resveratrol , Estilbenos/análise , Taninos/análise , Taninos/farmacologia , Tartaratos/análise , Tartaratos/farmacologia
2.
Int J Food Microbiol ; 129(3): 295-9, 2009 Feb 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19167124

RESUMO

Hot and cold water-soluble muscadine (Vitis rotundifolia) seed extracts and their polar and polyphenol fractions from two Muscadine cultivars ('Ison', purple and 'Carlos', bronze) were investigated for their inhibition of Enterobacter sakazakii. The heat treatment on each seed extract not only increased total phenolics and tannic acid but also enhanced antimicrobial activity against two strains of E. sakazakii. Within 1 h, all seed extracts reduced an initial population (approximately 6 log CFU/mL) of E. sakazakii to a non-detectable level (minimum detection limit, 10 CFU/mL). Regardless of extraction method and cultivar, only the polar fractions which contained malic, tartaric and tannic acids showed antimicrobial activity against two strains of E. sakazakii. The polyphenol fractions which contained gallic acid, catechin, epicatechin, ellagic acid and pigments showed slight inhibition against E. sakazakii. Results showed that water-soluble muscadine seed extracts (pH 3.3-3.78) contained strong antimicrobial inhibitors against E. sakazakii while acidified peptone water (pH 3.3) did not show any antimicrobial activity.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Cronobacter sakazakii/efeitos dos fármacos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Vitis/química , Água/química , Antibacterianos/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Hidroxibenzoatos/química , Fenóis/química , Extratos Vegetais/química
3.
J Food Prot ; 71(7): 1465-8, 2008 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18680948

RESUMO

Water-soluble extracts were prepared from purple (cultivar Ison) and bronze (cultivar Carlos) muscadine seeds with or without heating. The Ison extracts had strong antimicrobial activity against a cocktail of three strains of Escherichia coli O157: H7. This extract had higher acidity (pH 3.39 to 3.43), total phenolics (2.21 to 3.49 mg/ml), tartaric acid (5.6 to 10.7 mg/ml), tannic acid (5.7 to 8.1 mg/ml), and gallic acid (0.33 to 0.59 mg/ml) than did the Carlos extracts. Heat treatment on both extracts increased antimicrobial activity, possibly because of increased acidity, tartaric acid, total phenolics, and individual phenolics. Heating of Ison extracts increased ellagic acid up to 83%. Up to 10.7 mg/ml tartaric acid alone was not as effective against E. coli O157:H7 as were water-soluble seed extracts. This finding suggests the involvement of other factors, such as tannic and gallic acids, in inactivation of this pathogen. Water-soluble muscadine seed extracts may be useful for incorporation into juice and other beverage products as natural preservatives.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli O157/efeitos dos fármacos , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Vitis/química , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ácido Elágico/farmacologia , Escherichia coli O157/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Fenóis/farmacologia , Sementes/química , Solubilidade , Taninos/farmacologia , Tartaratos/farmacologia
4.
J Comp Neurol ; 416(3): 335-44, 2000 Jan 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10602092

RESUMO

P84 and integrin associated protein (IAP) are heterophilic binding partners that are expressed in the central nervous system in addition to a variety of other tissues. Both molecules are known to be involved in cell signaling in nonneural tissues. In the retina, both molecules are expressed prominently in plexiform layers, suggesting a possible association with synapses. Here, we examined the cellular expression and ultrastructural localization of the two molecules in the developing mouse retina. Both appeared to be expressed at one or both sides of synaptic sites, although the expression of IAP in the retina precedes that of P84. Examination of transgenic IAP-null retinae revealed a failure of P84 to become associated with synaptic sites, suggesting the interaction of P84 with IAP was necessary for P84's synaptic localization. These findings suggest that the signaling activities of P84 and IAP are localized to sites of synaptic contact in the retina. Thus this pair of synapse-associated molecules represents a bidirectional signaling system that could function to modify synaptic activity or possibly trophic interactions between central neurons.


Assuntos
Antígenos CD/genética , Antígenos de Diferenciação , Proteínas de Transporte/genética , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Membrana Celular/ultraestrutura , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Molécula L1 de Adesão de Célula Nervosa , Moléculas de Adesão de Célula Nervosa/genética , Receptores Imunológicos , Retina/metabolismo , Retina/ultraestrutura , Sinapses/metabolismo , Sinapses/ultraestrutura , Animais , Antígeno CD47 , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Células Fotorreceptoras/metabolismo , Células Fotorreceptoras/ultraestrutura , RNA Mensageiro/análise
5.
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi ; 12(11): 663-5, 644, 1992 Nov.
Artigo em Chinês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1301847

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: 55 cases of Qi-deficiency and Blood-Stasis syndrome of coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina pectoris (AP) were divided randomly into two groups. Qi Xue granule (QXG) was administered to 30 cases of treated group, while compound Salvia tablet (CST) was administered to 25 cases of control group. Besides, both group were also given one placebo tablet or granule so as to eliminate the patient's psychological effects. RESULTS: (1) Effects on clinical symptoms: Total effective rate for AP: 90% in QXG group, marked effective rate and effective rate for ischemic ECG changes were 30% and 46.6% respectively. All of these were better than that of CST group significantly (P < 0.05). Besides, QXG group could alleviate symptoms including asthenia. (2) Effects on submaximal paddle work load test: QXG group could prolong the capacity of exercise (from 336.2 +/- 34.7 to 437.5 +/- 43.8 seconds, P < 0.05), magnify the work load (from 73 +/- 7.18 to 94 +/- 8.5 W, P < 0.05) and elevate the ST segment (from 0.218 +/- 0.03 to 0.176 +/- 0.03 mV) significantly in comparison with CST group, which had little change only. (3) Effects on plasma TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6 Kp) level and ration of TXB2/6Kp in 10 normal subjects were 165 +/- 12.1 pg/ml, 142.6 +/- 17.4 pg/ml and 1.16 +/- 0.19 pg/ml respectively, while in 36 cases AP were 390.6 +/- 14.3, 106.0 +/- 7.9 and 3.67 +/- 0.85 pg/ml respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Angina Pectoris/tratamento farmacológico , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/uso terapêutico , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Deficiência da Energia Yang/tratamento farmacológico , 6-Cetoprostaglandina F1 alfa/sangue , Idoso , Angina Pectoris/sangue , Tolerância ao Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Panax , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais , Síndrome , Tromboxano B2/sangue , Deficiência da Energia Yang/sangue
6.
J Pharmacol Exp Ther ; 255(1): 59-65, 1990 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2213571

RESUMO

SK&F 104524 (bis-[1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)-ethane]-gold(I)-lactate) ([Au(dppe)2]+) is a lipophilic phosphine-coordinated gold complex that has significant antineoplastic activity. However, this agent has significant hepato- and cardiotoxicity and preclinical preliminary experiments indicate potential pneumotoxic effects. Accordingly, we sought to evaluate the acute effects of [Au(dppe)2]+ on pulmonary removal of two radioiodinated benzylguanidines [metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) and 3-iodo-4-amino-benzylguanidine (AIBG)]. Pulmonary removal of MIBG or AIBG was measured by application of indicator dilution techniques in rabbit lungs, perfused with Kreb's bicarbonate (3% albumin; 50 ml/min). A bolus containing either [125I]MIBG or--AIBG and [99mTc]sulfur colloid was injected into the pulmonary artery and effluent was diverted to an in-line nuclear detection system. In initial experiments we characterized some pharmacokinetic aspects of the disposition of these amines. Removal of MIBG [R(MIBG)] and R(AIBG) were 59 +/- 3% (n = 14) and 24 +/- 2% (n = 7), respectively. Addition of unlabeled norepinephrine, MIBG or AIBG (3-100 nmol) to the injection caused similar dose-dependent reductions in removal of either amine. Lowering the temperature (13 degrees C) or reducing the sodium concentration caused significant reductions in removal. After 15 min of perfusion with [Au(dppe)2]+ (50 micrograms/ml), perfusion pressure doubled and R(MIBG) and R(AIBG) were each decreased significantly. At 30 min, perfusion pressure returned to control values whereas there was still a 36 and 61% reduction in R(MIBG) and R(AIBG), respectively. These data confirm that removal of benzylguanidines involves a saturable, sodium- and temperature-dependent process similar to that responsible for the removal of norepinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Iodobenzenos/farmacocinética , Pulmão/metabolismo , Compostos Organometálicos/farmacologia , Compostos Organofosforados/farmacologia , 3-Iodobenzilguanidina , Animais , Transporte Biológico/efeitos dos fármacos , Radioisótopos do Iodo , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Compostos Organoáuricos , Perfusão , Coelhos
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