Adult co-creators' emotional and psychological experiences of the co-creation process: a Health CASCADE scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND: There is a growing investment in the use of co-creation, reflected by an increase in co-created products, services, and interventions. At the same time, a growing recognition of the significance of co-creators' experience can be detected but there is a gap in the aggregation of the literature with regard to experience. Therefore, the purpose of this scoping review is to uncover the breadth of existing empirical research on co-creation experience, how it has been defined and assessed, and its key emotional and psychological characteristics in the context of co-created products, services, or interventions among adults. METHODS: The development of the search strategy was guided by the research question, Arksey, and O'Malley's scoping review methodology guidelines, and through collaboration with members of the Health CASCADE consortium. The results of the search and the study inclusion process will be reported in full and presented both narratively and by use of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for scoping review (PRISMA-ScR) flow diagram. Comprehensive searches of relevant electronic databases (e.g. Scopus) will be conducted to identify relevant papers. Snowball searches to identify additional papers through included full-text papers will be done using the artificial intelligence tool, namely, Connected Papers. All review steps will involve at least two reviewers. Studies in English, Dutch, Chinese, Spanish, and French, published from the year 1970 onwards, will be considered. Microsoft Excel software will be used to record and chart extracted data. DISCUSSION: The resulting scoping review could provide useful insights into adult co-creators' experience of participating in the co-creation process. An increased understanding of the role of emotional and psychological experiences of participating in co-creation processes may help to inform the co-creation process and lead to potential benefits for the co-creators and co-created outcome. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: 10.5281/zenodo.7665851.

Improving Harmonization and Standardization of Expanded Newborn Screening Results by Optimization of the Legacy Flow Injection Analysis Tandem Mass Spectrometry Methods and Application of a Standardized Calibration Approach.

BACKGROUND: Newborn screening (NBS) laboratories in the United Kingdom adhere to common protocols based on single analyte cutoff values (COVs); therefore, interlaboratory harmonization is of paramount importance. Interlaboratory variation for screening analytes in UK NBS laboratories ranges from 17% to 59%. While using common stable isotope internal standards has been shown to significantly reduce interlaboratory variation, instrument set-up, sample extraction, and calibration approach are also key factors. METHODS: Dried blood spot (DBS) extraction processes, instrument set-up, mobile-phase composition, sample introduction technique, and calibration approach of flow injection analysis-tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) methods were optimized. Inter- and intralaboratory variation of methionine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, isovaleryl-carnitine, glutaryl-carnitine, octanoyl-carnitine, and decanoyl-carnitine were determined pre- and postoptimization, using 3 different calibration approaches. RESULTS: Optimal recovery of analytes from DBS was achieved with a 35-min extraction time and 80% methanol (150 µL). Optimized methodology decreased the mean intralaboratory percentage relative SD (%RSD) for the 8 analytes from 20.7% (range 4.1-46.0) to 5.4% (range 3.0-8.5). The alternative calibration approach reduced the mean interlaboratory %RSD for all analytes from 16.8% (range 4.1-25.0) to 7.1% (range 4.1-11.0). Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the calibration material highlighted the need for standardization. The purities of isovaleryl-carnitine and glutaryl-carnitine were 85.13% and 69.94% respectively, below the manufacturer's stated values of ≥98%. CONCLUSIONS: For NBS programs provided by multiple laboratories using single analyte COVs, harmonization and standardization of results can be achieved by optimizing legacy FIA-MS/MS methods, adopting a common analytical protocol, and using standardized calibration material rather than internal calibration.

Systematic study of the selenium fractionation in human plasma from a cancer prevention trial using HPLC hyphenated to ICP-MS and ESI-MS/MS.

This work represents the first systematic speciation study of selenium (Se) in plasma from subjects participating in a pilot study for a cancer prevention trial (PRECISE). This involved supplementation of elderly British and Danish individuals with selenised yeast for 6 months and 5 years, respectively, at 100, 200, and 300 µg Se/day or placebo. Speciation data was obtained for male plasma using HPLC-ICP-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. With the proposed strategy, approximately 1.5 mL of plasma was needed to determine total Se concentration and the fractionation of Se in high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) pools, and for quantification and identification of small Se species. For the first time, Se-methyl-selenocysteine (MSC) and methyl-2-acetamido-2deoxy1-seleno-ß-D-galactopyranoside (Selenosugar-1) were structurally confirmed in plasma after supplementation with selenised yeast within the studied range. Determination of selenomethionine (SeMet) incorporated non-specifically into albumin (SeALB) was achieved by HPLC-ICP-MS after hydrolysis. By subtracting this SeMet concentration from the total Se in the HMW pool, the concentration of Se incorporated into selenoproteins was calculated. Results from the speciation analysis of the free Se metabolite fraction (5% of total plasma Se) suggest a significant increase in the percentage of Se (as SeMet plus Selenosugar-1) of up to 80% of the total Se in the LMW fraction after 6 months of supplementation. The Se distribution in the HMW fraction reflects a significant increase in SeALB with Se depletion from selenoproteins, which occurs most significantly at doses of over 100 µg Se/day after 5 years. The results of this work will inform future trial design. Graphical abstract.