RESUMO
Small molecules have become increasingly recognized as invaluable tools to study RNA structure and function and to develop RNA-targeted therapeutics. To rationally design RNA-targeting ligands, a comprehensive understanding and explicit testing of small molecule properties that govern molecular recognition is crucial. To date, most studies have primarily evaluated properties of small molecules that bind RNA in vitro, with little to no assessment of properties that are distinct to selective and bioactive RNA-targeted ligands. Therefore, we curated an RNA-focused library, termed the Duke RNA-Targeted Library (DRTL), that was biased towards the physicochemical and structural properties of biologically active and non-ribosomal RNA-targeted small molecules. The DRTL represents one of the largest academic RNA-focused small molecule libraries curated to date with more than 800 small molecules. These ligands were selected using computational approaches that measure similarity to known bioactive RNA ligands and that diversify the molecules within this space. We evaluated DRTL binding in vitro to a panel of four RNAs using two optimized fluorescent indicator displacement assays, and we successfully identified multiple small molecule hits, including several novel scaffolds for RNA. The DRTL has and will continue to provide insights into biologically relevant RNA chemical space, such as the identification of additional RNA-privileged scaffolds and validation of RNA-privileged molecular features. Future DRTL screening will focus on expanding both the targets and assays used, and we welcome collaboration from the scientific community. We envision that the DRTL will be a valuable resource for the discovery of RNA-targeted chemical probes and therapeutic leads.
RESUMO
A novel series of EP4 agonists and antagonists have been identified, and then used to validate their potential in the treatment of inflammatory pain. This paper describes these novel ligands and their activity within a number of pre-clinical models of pain, ultimately leading to the identification of the EP4 partial agonist GSK726701A.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Isoindóis/química , Receptores de Prostaglandina E Subtipo EP4/agonistas , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Células Sanguíneas/citologia , Células Sanguíneas/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Sanguíneas/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/química , Dinoprostona/uso terapêutico , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , Meia-Vida , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Isoindóis/farmacocinética , Isoindóis/uso terapêutico , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Dor/patologia , Dor/veterinária , Isoformas de Proteínas/antagonistas & inibidores , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Receptores de Prostaglandina E Subtipo EP4/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMO
We describe the medicinal chemistry programme that led to the identification of the EP(1) receptor antagonist GSK269984A (8h). GSK269984A was designed to overcome development issues encountered with previous EP(1) antagonists such as GW848687X and was found to display excellent activity in preclinical models of inflammatory pain. However, upon cross species pharmacokinetic profiling, GSK269984A was predicted to have suboptimal human pharmacokinetic and was thus progressed to a human microdose study.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/síntese química , Química Farmacêutica/métodos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Nicotínicos/síntese química , Piridinas/síntese química , Receptores de Prostaglandina E/antagonistas & inibidores , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Animais , Sistema Nervoso Central/efeitos dos fármacos , Desenho de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Modelos Químicos , Ácidos Nicotínicos/farmacologia , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Herein we describe the medicinal chemistry programme to identify a potential back-up compound to the EP(1) receptor antagonist GW848687X. This work started with the lipophilic 1,2-biaryl benzene derivative 4 which displayed molecular weight of 414.9g/mol and poor in vivo metabolic stability in the rat and resulted in the identification of compound 7i (GSK345931A) which demonstrated good metabolic stability in the rat and lower molecular weight (381.9g/mol). In addition, 7i (GSK345931A) showed measurable CNS penetration in the mouse and rat and potent analgesic efficacy in acute and sub-chronic models of inflammatory pain.