Unveiling the efficacy of the feedback concealed information test in collaborative crime detection.

Collaborative crime poses severe social hazards. In collaborative crime scenarios, previous studies have indicated that perpetrators' collaborative encoding can impair the detection efficiency of P300-based complex trial protocols due to the collaborative encoding deficit. The feedback concealed information test (fCIT), a unique variation of the concealed information test, provides participants with feedback on how well they conceal information from memory. The fCIT, which has proven to be highly efficient, detects concealed information using recognition P300 along with feedback-related event-related potentials, and reflects the subject's motivation to conceal. However, no studies have examined the fCIT's effectiveness in identifying collaborative criminals. We propose that the fCIT's efficiency persists in cases of collaborative crime and test this hypothesis using a sample of 48 participants. The participants in the collaborative groups were instructed to have hushed conversations about theft to simulate the collaborative crime process. Subsequently, they completed the fCIT. The findings indicate a significant decline in recognition P300's detection efficiency when participants committed crimes collaboratively. Nevertheless, the detection efficiency of feedback P300 and feedback-related negativity remained high. This study's outcomes illustrate the capacity of the fCIT to detect perpetrators involved in collaborative crime.

Suppression of circular RNA serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 elevates antioxidant molecules and angiogenesis in trophoblast cells to attenuate preeclampsia via microRNA-508-3p to target and restrain PUM homolog 1.

AIM: Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria. Recently, multiple circular RNAs (circRNAs) were considered latent clinical diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets. This study was to explore the impact of circRNA serum and glucocorticoid-induced kinase 1 (SGK1) on PE via influencing the microRNA (miR)-508-3p/PUM homolog 1 (PUM1) axis. METHODS: Placental tissues of 34 pregnant women with PE and 34 normal pregnant women were collected to measure circRNA SGK1 (circSGK1), miR-508-3p, and PUM1. Human placental trophoblasts HTR-8/SVneo were transfected with plasmids, thereafter to observe proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis, analyze antioxidant molecules Troxerutin (TXN), Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), NAD (P) H-quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), and determine angiogenesis. After the construction of the PE rat model, antioxidant molecules TXN, GCLC, and NQO1, vascular-associated factor vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and histopathological conditions were tested. Examination of the binding of circSGK1 and miR-508-3p with PUM1 was performed. RESULTS: Our data showed that circSGK1 expression was elevated in the placenta of patients with PE. Silenced circSGK1 or elevated miR-508-3p promoted the growth and antioxidant molecules and angiogenesis in trophoblast cells; CircSGK1 combined with miR-508-3p, and miR-508-3p targeted PUM1. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, suppression of circSGK1 augments antioxidant molecules and angiogenesis in trophoblast cells to attenuate PE via miR-508-3p to target PUM1.

Development and validation of a personal responsibility scale for Chinese college students.

Introduction: The complexity of the concept of responsibility has led to a relative lack of measuring tools. Meanwhile, the widely used measurement of conscientiousness in the Big Five personality traits suffers from inconsistencies in measuring personal responsibility. Therefore, measuring personal responsibility must be adapted to its cultural context. Spurred by these reasons, we developed a "Chinese College Student Personal Responsibility Scale" (CCSPRS) based on local theoretical foundations. Furthermore, we conducted a preliminary exploration using the new scale, examining the correlations between college students' responsibility, trust propensity, and prosocial behavior tendencies. Methods: The initial version of the scale was subjected to item analysis, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to form the formal version of the scale. A total of 1,038 college students were assembled. The reliability and validity of the scale were also analyzed. We collected data using the proposed CCSPRS, Interpersonal Trust Scale, and Prosocial Tendencies Measure Questionnaire and obtained 301 valid questionnaires. Results: The scale's reliability and validity indicators met the development requirements, and the investigation revealed that women students scored significantly higher in responsibility than men students. Additionally, the responsibility scores were relatively high in the first and fourth years and low in the second and third years, presenting an approximate U-shaped trend. Besides, the college students' personal responsibility, trust propensity, and prosocial behavior tendencies were positively correlated. Discussion: The proposed CCSPRS is an effective tool for measuring personal responsibility among Chinese college students. Additionally, this study analyzed the internal beliefs of individuals and concluded that personal responsibility, prosocial behavior, and trust propensity are closely interconnected, especially the relationship between responsibility and prosocial behavior.

Cumulative childhood trauma and mobile phone addiction among chinese college students: role of self-esteem and self-concept clarity as serial mediators.

Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of people's lives, and their use has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, mobile phone addiction has also become a growing concern. This study investigates how cumulative childhood trauma relates to mobile phone addiction among Chinese college students, and the subsequent role of self-esteem and self-concept clarity. A sample of Chinese college students (N = 620) were investigated using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form, the Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Self-Concept Clarity Scale. The results showed that: (1) cumulative childhood trauma significantly and positively predicted mobile phone addiction among college students; (2) self-esteem mediated the association between cumulative childhood trauma and mobile phone addiction; and (3) self-esteem and self-concept clarity had a sequential mediating effect on the relationship between cumulative childhood trauma and mobile phone addiction. Thus, this study is a reminder to focus on the combined role of multiple adverse experiences and self-system factors in the intervention of mobile phone addiction.

A Cadaveric Limb Analysis of the Posterior Tibial Musculotendinous Junction to determine the feasibility of Interosseous Membrane Tendon Transfer.

The transfer of the posterior tibial tendon through the interosseous membrane is potentially an effective treatment to correct the deformity of the foot and ankle. Our study aimed to evaluate the anatomical feasibility of anterior transfer of the posterior tibial tendon through the interosseous membrane route using the musculotendinous junction (MTJ). Eighteen adult cadavers were used. The width and thickness of the tibial posterior MTJ, width of the interosseous membrane at the corresponding level, and the window size of the interosseous membrane were measured. Additionally, the distance between the distal end of the MTJ and the tip of the medial malleolus were recorded. The mean length of the posterior tibial tendon was 83.60 mm, the mean distance of the posterior tibial MTJ to medial malleolus tip was 45.48 mm and the mean length of MTJ was 31.74 mm. The mean width of distal end of MTJ was 7.76 mm, thickness of distal end of MTJ was 4.07 mm and the mean width of the interosseous membrane at the distal end of MTJ was 4.76 mm. We found the mean width of the proximal end of MTJ was 20.68 mm, the mean thickness of proximal end of MTJ was 5.52 mm, and mean width of interosseous membrane at the proximal end of MTJ was 8.76 mm. Our study has demonstrated that a 31 mm length incision made at approximately 45 mm from the proximal end of the medial malleolus can safely reach the MTJ. We recommend an opening length of the interosseous membrane of at least 20 mm.

The effect of experiences of fairness on honest behavior: a behavioral and neural study.

Prior studies have investigated the relationship between fairness and honesty. However, the differences in the focus of these studies have rendered cross-comparisons between them challenging and of limited value. Thus, this study explored how fairness impacts honest decision-making, focusing specifically on the effect of individuals' experiences of fairness on their honest behavior. Experiment 1 explored the influence of different experiences of fairness on honest behavior in an altruistic context. In Experiment 2, we measured event-related potentials to further demonstrate the brain mechanisms of these experiences on altruistic dishonest behavior. In Experiment 1, we found that the reaction time for dishonest behavior was shorter for individuals who had positive unfairness experiences with high altruistic objects compared to low altruistic objects. Individuals who had negative unfairness experiences had shorter reaction times when engaging in dishonest behaviors for the sake of high altruistic objects compared to those with equitable experiences. In Experiment 2, in which there was an opportunity to lie for a highly altruistic object, those with fair experiences had greater N2 volatility and smaller P3 volatility than those with positive unfairness experiences. These findings highlight the value of integrating moral psychology and behavioral economics. Discriminant validity across fairness experiences can help illuminate the different motivations behind moral decisions.

Cumulative childhood trauma and cybervictimization among Chinese college students: Internet addiction as a mediator and roommate relationships as a moderator.

Existing studies have found that childhood trauma is a risk predictor of cybervictimization, but few studies have explored the relationship between cumulative childhood trauma and college students' cybervictimization. This study explored the relationship and the roles of Internet addiction and Internet victimization between them. A total of 854 college students (568 females, M age = 18.92 years, SD = 0.86) completed a survey including the Short Form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Cyberbullying Inventory, the Young's Internet Addiction Scale, and the revised Roommate Relationships Questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) cumulative childhood trauma was significantly positively associated with cybervictimization; (2) Internet addiction played a mediating role between cumulative childhood trauma and cybervictimization; and (3) roommate relationships played a moderating role between cumulative childhood trauma and cybervictimization, as well as Internet addiction and cybervictimization. The research findings provide a theoretical and practical basis for the prevention and intervention of college students' cybervictimization.

Plasma neurofilament light chain: A biomarker predicting severity in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Neurofilament light chain (NfL) levels have proved to be a good biomarker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlating with the degree of neuronal injury and neurodegeneration. However, little is known about the value of plasma neurofilament light chain (pNfL) levels in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients with acute cerebral infarction. This study aimed to explore whether pNfL could be used as a biomarker to predict the severity of the outcomes of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Patients with AIS were included from the Department of Neurology of the First People's Hospital of Bengbu City from January 2018 to May 2019, as well as health control (HC). The plasma levels of NfL in patients with AIS (n = 60) at 2 days, 7 days, and 6 months after stroke, as well as in HCs (n = 60) were measured by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay(ECL) on the Meso Scale Discovery platform. Stroke severity was analyzed at admission using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. Functional outcomes were assessed at different times using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel Index. The mean level of pNfL in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) at 2 days (225.86 pg/L) after stroke was significantly higher than that in HC (107.02 pg/L) and gradually increased 7 days after stroke (316.23 pg/L) (P < .0001). The mean level of pNfL in patients with IS at 6 months after stroke was 173.38 pg/L, which was still significantly higher than that of HC. The levels of pNfL at 7 days after stroke independently predicted modified Rankin Scale scores (mRS) (R = 0.621, P < .001), Barthel Index (R = -0.716, P < .001), and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (R = -0.736, P < .001). The diagnostic severity and prognosis were evaluated by ROC curve, an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.812 (P = .001, 95% CI: 0.69-0.93) at 7 days. Plasma NfL levels reflect neuronal injury after AIS. It changes with time and has a certain relationship with prognosis and may be a promising biomarker for predicting the severity of neuroaxonal injury in patients with acute IS.

Location of motor branches of tibialis posterior muscle and its relation in treatment of spastic equinovarus foot: a cadaveric study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nerve block or neurolysis is an important approach in the treatment of spastic equinovarus foot. To illustrate the accurate location of the nerve branch to the tibialis posterior muscle (TP) in clinical practice, 21 adult cadavers were dissected and 14 complete both lower limb specimens were obtained. A total of 28 lower limbs were included. METHODS: We measured the length of the motor branch nerve (LM) of the tibialis posterior muscle, the length of the fibula (LF), the vertical distance (D1) from the midpoint of LM to the fibula tip as well as the horizontal distance (D2) from the midpoint of LM to the inner edge of the fibula. RESULTS: The LM was higher (35.74 ± 7.28 mm) in male than in female (30.40 ± 6.88 mm) specimens but there was no significant correlation between LM and gender (p > 0.05). Additionally, among male specimens, the LM on the right side was longer than that on the left (p ≤ 0.05) while among female specimens, the D1 on the left side was longer than that on the right (p ≤ 0.05). The LF in male specimen was significantly longer than that in female (p ≤ 0.05). The midpoint of the nerve to the motor branch of the tibialis posterior muscle was about 50 mm distal to the fibular head and 10 mm at the inner edge of the fibula. CONCLUSION: Using this coordinate, the midpoint of the nerve branch to the TP could be accurately located.

Repression of Kisspeptin1 weakens hydrogen peroxide-caused injury in HTR8 cells via adjusting PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Kisspeptin1 (KISS1) is a tumor metastatic suppressor, and its increased expression is validated in human placenta trophoblast cells. Nonetheless, the actions of KISS1 in hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 )-impaired human trophoblast HTR8 cells still remain imprecise. This research aims to uncover whether KISS1 can mitigate H2 O2 -triggered cell injury. HTR8 cells were pretreated with 250 µM H2 O2 for 4 hours; the autophagic markers (Beclin-1 and LC3B), cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were appraised. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot trials were enforced for the valuation of KISS1 mRNA and protein levels. After si-KISS1 transfection and 3-MA manipulation, the aforesaid biological processes were reassessed for ascertaining the influences of repressed KISS1 in H2 O2 -impaired HTR8 cells. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) pathway was eventually estimated. H2 O2 enhanced Beclin-1 and LC3B expression, restricted cell viability, and invasion, and meanwhile caused apoptosis. The elevation of KISS1 evoked by H2 O2 was observed in HTR8 cells. In addition, silencing KISS1 was distinctly annulled the function of H2 O2 in HTR8 cells. Eventually, we observed that the repression of KISS1 triggered the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR in HTR8 cells under H2 O2 management. The diverting research unveiled that KISS1 repression eased H2 O2 -caused HTR8 cells injury via mediating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

Plasma parameters and risk factors of patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment.

BACKGROUND: It is high of the incidence of stroke and dementia with the advent of an aging society. Post-stroke cognitive impairment is one of the common complications of stroke, which not only seriously affects the life quality of patients, but also significantly reduces the survival time of stroke patients. Moreover, it also brings in heavy burden to the family and society. The development of vascular dementia could be reduced by early intervention after stroke. Management of vascular risk factors could be an effective way to prevent dementia. This study aimed to investigate the plasma biochemical parameters of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) and its potential risk factors. METHODS: Four hundred eighty-seven consecutive patients with ischaemic stroke were included and followed up for 3 years. Among these patients, 132 cases were diagnosed as PSCI. The cognitive impairment of patients with PSCI was assessed by the Mini Mental State Examination and Montreal cognitive assessment scale. The plasma biochemical parameters and blood coagulation, as well as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of all the patients after admission, were measured. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses revealed that increased age, carotid plaque, cerebral atrophy, white matter lesions (WML), alcohol use, smoking and history of systolic blood pressure ≥170 mmHg was highly associated with PSCI (P<0.05). Elevated homocysteine, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and uric acid were also highly associated with PSCI. Logistic regression analysis identified five risk factors correlated with PSCI including alcohol use [odds ratio (OR): 5.138, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.014-26.04, P=0.048], history of high systolic blood pressure (OR: 12.171, 95% CI: 3.339-44.363, P=0.001), carotid plaque (OR: 1.692, 95% CI: 1.032-2.796, P=0.040), cerebral atrophy (OR: 2.280, 95% CI: 1.294-4.001, P=0.004), and WML (OR: 3.155, 95% CI: 1.868-5.324, P=0.001). Three plasma biochemical parameters were also associated with PSCI including homocysteine (OR: 1.018, 95% CI: 0.944-1.042, P=0.010), and LDL (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.6-1.148, P=0.051), and uric acid (OR: 1.00, 95% CI: 0.998-1.002, P=0.007). The area under the receiver operating curve for the risk factors of PSCI was 0.821 with the sensitivity of 76.3% and specificity of 71.9%. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated homocysteine, LDL, and uric acid were highly related to PSCI, which may help predict PSCI. These plasma biochemical parameters together with vascular risk factors, may improve the sensitivity for early detection of PSCI.

Anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment: a cadaver study.

BACKGROUND: Anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment are associated with the pathogenesis of de Quervain's disease. Here, we report two novel anatomical variations of the first extensor compartment. METHODS: The wrists of two adult cadavers were dissected to reveal the anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment. RESULTS: In one of the cadavers, no septum was present in the first extensor compartment. However, the extensor pollicis brevis tendon and its proximal muscle belly were absent. The abductor pollicis longus (APL) tendon had multiple slips, and one of them inserted on the dorsal base of the proximal thumb phalanx. In another cadaver, a septum was present in the first extensor compartment. One of the multiple APL tendon slips ran into the septum alongside the extensor pollicis brevis tendon for 4 mm, which then exited the septum and inserted into the base of the first phalanx together with the APL tendon. CONCLUSION: Our findings may help to improve the awareness of the anatomical variations in the first extensor compartment.

A novel classification of the anatomical variations of the first extensor compartment.

The presence of a septum in the first extensor compartment is closely associated with the pathophysiology of de Quervain disease, and affects the efficacy of corticosteroid injection and surgical release. This study aimed to examine the incidence and length of the first extensor compartment septum.Forty sides of the wrists in 20 cadavers were used. The presence of a septum in the first extensor compartment was examined. The septum length was recorded with the radial styloid process as the reference point.The anatomical variations of the first extensor compartment were classified into 3 types. Type I compartment was found in 7 sides in males (29.2%) versus 6 sides in females (37.5%, P = .733), type II was found in 6 sides in males (25%) versus 1 side in females (6.25%, P = .21), and type III was found in 11 sides in males (45.8%) versus 9 sides in females (56.25%, P = .56). There was no significant difference in the septum length between males and females (5.3 ±â€Š2.3 vs 4.8 ±â€Š1.1 mm, P = .54).The incidence of a septum in the first extensor compartment is approximately 50%. The mean septum length is 5 mm. Injection at 5 mm proximal to the radial styloid process has a great chance of delivering the steroids into both subcompartments. Exposure to 5 mm proximal to the radial styloid process can avoid the overlook of subcompartment and achieve adequate decompression of the first extensor compartment.

Reduction of adhesion formation after knee surgery in a rat model by botulinum toxin A.

Adhesion of the knee is a major concern after knee surgery, the treatment of which is difficult. Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection is demonstrated as efficient in treating knee adhesion after surgery. However, the treatment outcomes and the mechanism of action are not yet determined. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects and molecular mechanism of a BTX-A treatment in preventing adhesion of the knee. Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into a BTX-A treatment group and a control group. BTX-A or saline was injected into the cavity of the knee in the BTX-A treatment or control group respectively. Gross and histopathological examinations of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) levels, as well as fibroblast cell numbers, were assessed in the knee intra-articular adhesions in each group 6 weeks after recovery from the surgery. Macroscopic observations showed a significant reduction in adhesion severity in the BTX-A treatment group compared with the control group. In addition, the levels of IL-1 and FGF were lower and the number of fibroblasts was smaller in the BTX-A treatment group compared with those in the control group. BTX-A prevented intra-articular adhesion of knee in the rats, which might be associated with reduced expressions of IL-1 and FGF.