Cell-free fat extract regulates oxidative stress and alleviates Th2-mediated inflammation in atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory skin disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of cell-free fat extract (FE) in AD. In this study, the therapeutic effect of DNCB-induced AD mouse models was investigated. Dermatitis scores and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were recorded to evaluate the severity of dermatitis. Histological analysis and cytokines measurement were conducted to assess the therapeutic effect. Additionally, the ability of FE to protect cells from ROS-induced damage and its ROS scavenging capacity both in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Furthermore, we performed Th1/2 cell differentiation with and without FE to elucidate the underlying therapeutic mechanism. FE reduced apoptosis and cell death of HaCat cells exposed to oxidative stress. Moreover, FE exhibited concentration-dependent antioxidant activity and scavenged ROS both in vitro and vivo. Treatment with FE alleviated AD symptoms in mice, as evidenced by improved TEWL, restored epidermis thickness, reduced mast cell infiltration, decreased DNA oxidative damage and lower inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-13. FE also inhibited the differentiation of Th2 cells in vitro. Our findings indicate that FE regulates oxidative stress and mitigates Th2-mediated inflammation in atopic dermatitis by inhibiting Th2 cell differentiation, suggesting that FE has the potential as a future treatment option for AD.

Chin Augmentation and Treatment of Chin Retrusion with a Flexible Hyaluronic Acid Filler in Asian Subjects: A Randomized, Controlled, Evaluator-Blinded Study.

BACKGROUND: Aesthetic improvement of the chin is increasingly requested by patients, including those of Chinese origin. METHODS: A randomized, evaluator-blinded, no-treatment controlled study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of a flexible hyaluronic acid (HA) filler, Restylane® DefyneTM (HADEF), in the correction of chin retrusion in a Chinese adult population over 12 months after treatment. On Day 1, subjects were randomized 3:1 into two groups, HADEF or delayed-treatment controls, and those in the HADEF group were administered treatment. An optional touch-up treatment was administered 1 month after treatment to obtain optimal chin augmentation. The initially untreated control group was offered delayed-treatment after 6 months (including 1-month touch-up). RESULTS: HADEF was superior to no-treatment in improving chin retrusion according to the blinded evaluator at 6 months [Galderma Chin Retrusion Scale (GCRS) responder rate (≥ 1-point improvement from baseline) of 81% vs. 5% for untreated controls; p < 0.001, meeting the primary effectiveness objective. A majority of subjects maintained improvement at 12 months (61% in the HADEF group). All subjects reported satisfaction with results at 6 months after treatment with HADEF and aesthetic improvement rates per the global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) were high for 12 months following treatment, with an acceptable safety profile. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrated HADEF to be effective and safe for the correction of mild-to-moderate chin retrusion in Chinese subjects, confirming findings previously observed in a western population. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Microgels for bioprinting: recent advancements and challenges.

Microgels have become a popular and powerful structural unit in the bioprinting field due to their advanced properties, ranging from the tiny size and well-connected hydrogel (nutrient) network to special rheological properties. Different microgels can be fabricated by a variety of fabrication methods including bulk crushing, auxiliary dripping, multiphase emulsion, and lithography technology. Traditionally, microgels can encapsulate specific cells and are used for in vitro disease models and in vivo organ regeneration. Furthermore, microgels can serve as a drug carrier to realize controlled release of drug molecules. Apart from being used as an independent application unit, recently, these microgels are widely applied as a specific bioink component in 3D bioprinting for in situ tissue repair or building special 3D structures. In this review, we introduce different methods used to generate microgels and the microgel-based bioink for bioprinting. Besides, the further tendency of microgel development in future is introduced and predicted to provide guidance for related researchers in exploring more effective ways to fabricate microgels and more potential bioprinting application cases as multifunctional bioink components.

Long-term Safety and Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers Correcting Nasolabial Folds in Chinese Patients.

Background: Soft-tissue fillers, specifically hyaluronic acid fillers, can reduce many signs of aging by treating the associated loss of subcutaneous fat and midfacial contour deficiencies. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the effectiveness and safety of Belotero Volume Lidocaine (BVL) compared with Restylane (RES, control) is noninferior in the treatment of severe nasolabial folds (NLFs) in Chinese patients. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, controlled, split-face clinical study. Overall, 220 Chinese patients of both sexes with symmetrical NLFs of severe intensity (grade 4) on the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) were treated with both fillers. Treatment outcomes were assessed by the WSRS, and other scales, at multiple time points up to 18 months postinjection. The co-primary effectiveness outcomes were based on the blinded evaluator ratings of NLFs according to the WSRS scale after 6 and 12 months. Adverse events were assessed during the whole study and patients' pain sensation at three time points after injection. Results: Noninferiority of BVL versus control based on the WSRS was demonstrated at month 6 and month 12. Response rates were slightly higher for BVL than control at all time points, and BVL had a sustained effect until month 18. Pain sensation scores were significantly lower for BVL compared with control. The incidence rates of treatment-related AEs were low and very similar for both treatments. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that BVL is a safe, long-lasting, and effective treatment to correct severe NLFs in Chinese patients while being noninferior to the control device.

Assessment of Blood Volume in Liposuction Fluids Using Colorimetry.

OBJECTIVE: The possibility of using a color contrast method to evaluate blood loss during liposuction was assessed. A color chart of blood-lipid content associated with different blood volumes was developed. METHODS: Three color cards with different concentrations of blood were developed based on clinical parameters. The color cards were used to evaluate the volume of blood present in liposuction solutions obtained from 60 clinical liposuction patients. The red blood cell count also was evaluated for each patient. The data obtained using each evaluation method were compared and statistically analyzed to determine the most accurate calculation formula. RESULTS: The red blood cell counts were compared to the color card results. The paired t test results for the calculated values for the 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1 color cards and the red blood cell count values were comparable (44.3 ± 22.1 ml vs. 53.6 ± 25.0 ml, t = 10.5; 45.4 ± 19.0 ml vs. 55.2 ± 20.7 ml, t = 18.1; 41.9 ± 25.6 ml vs. 52.8 ± 28.3 ml, t = 14.0). The P values were < 0.05, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. The average standard error of the mean was 0.90, 0.54, and 0.77, respectively. Sixty samples were evaluated in a scatter diagram using the two detection methods. Trend analysis revealed that the two results demonstrated a linear increase (y = 5.6 + 1.1x), R2 = 0.989, indicating that the two inspection methods were highly correlated with only small errors. CONCLUSION: The colorimetric card protocol developed in this study could quickly, accurately, and conveniently calculate blood volumes in liposuction fluids, which has considerable clinical significance. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors http://www.springer.com/00266 .

A roadmap for safety during facial filler injections: A fresh frozen cadaver study.

BACKGROUND: Filler injections are commonly applied to reshape facial contouring. However, cadaveric injections of filler for facial contouring on the whole face, followed by anatomic analysis and measurement, have rarely been reported. This study aimed to provide comprehensive anatomical information, including topographies and roadmap of injection point entry, penetration depth, filler location, the hierarchy of facial structure, and vital vascular course. METHODS: Thirty faces on fresh frozen cadaver heads were used for this anatomic study. The whole face was divided into seven facial zones and 14 injection points for penetration depth measurement and cadaveric injection. Static periosteum injections with a sharp-needle technique were performed. Specimens were then dissected to observe the precise locations of fillers and their relationships with surrounding anatomic structures. RESULTS: The topography of penetration depth gradually increased from the upper face to the middle face, lower face, and temporal region. Most of the injected hyaluronic acid filler flowed backward to the loose areolar tissue layer between the superficial musculoaponeurotic system and periosteum or deep fascia. Multilevel layer distributions and anastomosis of the vessels were found in the face, especially in the glabella, dorsum nasi, and temporal regions. CONCLUSIONS: This study can provide clinicians with a comprehensive reference for facial contouring injections: topographies of the injection point and penetration depth and the vascular anatomical structure in high-risk facial zones. The static periosteum injection with effective aspiration is recommended as a relatively safe technique. Clinicians are supposed to grasp the anatomy and injection technique to achieve maximum safety during filler injections.

The Anatomy Study of Temporal Region based on Ultrasound Investigation: A Spatial Structure Study.

BACKGROUND: With the growing popularity of rejuvenation, people are giving more concerns on their temporal depression which makes them look older and wishing to improve it by injection. The complex structure of the temporal region leads to a higher risk of failed injection. The temporal region is well understood based on cadaver anatomy, but few studies have described its spatial structure. The purpose of this study was to improve the efficacy and safety of temporal injection by studying the spatial structure of the soft tissues and major blood vessels in each layer of the temporal region. METHODS: A total of 30 volunteers (24 men and 6 women, 60 temporal regions) were investigated. Color Doppler ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of the temporal layers at the selected measurement points (A, B, C, D, E, and F). The maximum thickness of the temporal fat pads was also measured, and the layers, depths and diameters of the major temporal vessels (frontal branch of superficial temporal artery and vein, middle temporal vein and deep temporal artery) were measured. RESULTS: At the various measurement points, the thickness and position of the skin, subcutaneous fat superficial fascia, and temporalis muscle did not differ significantly, whereas the superficial temporal fat pad and deep temporal fat pad differed significantly. The diameter and depth of the superficial temporal artery, superficial temporal vein, and deep temporal artery did not differ significantly, whereas the diameter of the middle temporal vein differed slightly, whereas the depth differed more obviously. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal structure is very complex, and understanding the spatial position of each layer of tissue plays an important role in improving the efficacy and safety of temporal filler injection. Ultrasound can help us to understand this information and assist in therapy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.

Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Treatment of Masseter Muscle Prominence in Asian Populations.

In Asian populations, an oval face shape with a slimmer lower face is considered favorable. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) treatment of the lower face for aesthetic purposes is widely performed in Asia, although it is not officially approved for this indication in any country. In this review, the authors highlight recent research describing injection techniques, mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and key learning points to safely treat benign masseter muscle prominence (MMP) in Asian populations using BoNT-A. To support the existing literature, clinical examples are provided that demonstrate individualized treatment plans for patients with asymmetric vs symmetric MMP and an observed complication after treatment. This review provides insights for optimizing clinical outcomes and for designing future studies investigating the safety and efficacy of BoNT-A for treating MMP.

A worldwide bibliometric analysis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors from 2000 to 2022.

Background: Currently, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are the subject of intense research interest. However, bibliometric studies have not been conducted in this field. The purpose of the study was to identify historical trends and presents a bibliometric analysis of the MPNST literature from 2000 to 2022. Methods: For the bibliometric analysis, publications were retrieved from the Web of Science database based on the following search terms: [TI = (MPNST) OR TI= (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors) AND PY = (2000-2022)]. The following information was collected for each document: the publication trends and geographical distribution, important authors and collaboration, keyword distribution and evaluation, most popular journals, and most influential articles. Results: We included 1400 documents for bibliometric analysis, covering five categories: 824 articles, 17 proceedings papers, 68 letters, 402 meeting abstracts, and 89 reviews. Corrections, editorials, book chapters, data papers, publications with expressed concerns, and retractions were excluded from our research. Conclusion: Since 2000, the number of publications on MPNST has continuously increased. Among all countries that contributed to the MPNST research, the USA, Japan, and China were the three most productive countries. The journal Modern Pathology has the most publications on MPNST, while those in the Cancer Research journal were the most frequently cited. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center may be a good partner to collaborate with. Recent research trends in MPNST have focused on tumorigenesis, clinical management, and predictive biomarkers.

Long-term Prognosis of Vision Loss Caused by Facial Hyaluronic Acid Injections and the Potential Approaches to Address This Catastrophic Event.

BACKGROUND: Vision loss is a serious complication of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injections, and long-term observations regarding the prognosis, particularly with angiography, are rare. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the long-term prognosis and living status of patients with visual defects due to HA filler injections. METHODS: Nine patients with vision loss caused by HA filler injections and receiving different treatments were included and followed up for 2 to 6 years after their accident. Follow-ups, including outpatient ophthalmologic examinations, were performed. RESULTS: In the follow-up observation, all patients had reintegrated into society and work. The prognosis was similar for all hyaluronidase treatments, including retrobulbar injections and superselective ophthalmic artery thrombolysis. The facial appearance was not remarkably affected, and only 3 patients reported slight scarring. Ptosis disappeared in all the patients, and slight strabismus was found in 5 patients. However, vision improvement was very limited, even in the patients whose occluded retinal central artery received reperfusion. CONCLUSIONS: This long-term follow-up showed that the patients with vision loss caused by HA filler injections could reintegrate into society after treatment. Although the embolization of the retinal central artery led to reperfusion, vision was not restored, which further demonstrated the difficulty of recovering vision with the current treatment and the importance of prophylaxis. Autohydrolysis of HA by incorporating hyaluronidase-containing stimuli-responsive nanoparticles and a dual-pipe syringe are potential future approaches to address this catastrophic event.

Treatment of sensitive skin by short-wave radiofrequency combined with intense pulsed light.

BACKGROUND: Sensitive skin is a widespread dermatologic condition, and no optimal treatments have been established so far. OBJECTIVE: To investigated the efficacy and safety of the combined therapy of short-wave radiofrequency (SWRF) and intense pulsed light (IPL) in improving transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and facial erythema in sensitive skin patients. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with sensitive skin received the SWRF treatment once per week for 4 weeks and IPL treatment once. Digital photographs and three-dimensional images were taken at each follow-up. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the improvement of sensitive scale-10 including irritant symptoms and facial erythema. In addition, erythema area and TEWL values were measured. RESULTS: All patients showed subjective and objective improvement in irritant sensations and facial erythema after treatment. The TEWL values decreased from 20.29 ± 5.97 g·h-1 ·m-2 at baseline to 14.70 ± 6.02 g·h-1 ·m-2 after SWRF treatment and 13.78 ± 4.70 g·h-1 ·m-2 after combined therapy (p = 0.000). The clearance of the erythema area was statistically significant, with 14.05% ± 5.71% at baseline, 9.38% ± 4.08% after SWRF treatment, and 5.73% ± 2.79% after combined therapy (p = 0.000). No adverse events were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of SWRF with IPL was effective in relieving skin irritant sensations and facial erythema of sensitive skin by repairing skin barrier function.

Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids: New Progress and Opportunities to Facilitate Precision Cancer Immunotherapy.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the field of cancer treatment in recent years. However, not all patients receiving cancer immunotherapy exhibit durable responses, and reliable, high-throughput testing platforms are urgently needed to guide personalized cancer immunotherapy. The ability of patient-derived tumor organoids to recapitulate pivotal features of original cancer tissues makes them useful as a preclinical model for cancer research and precision medicine. Nevertheless, many challenges exist in the translation of tumor organoid research to clinical decision making. Herein we discuss the applications of patient-derived tumor organoid models and the advances and potential of using complex immune-organoid systems as testing platforms to facilitate precision cancer immunotherapy. In addition, we highlight intriguing applications of tumor organoids with novel multi-omics in preclinical cancer research, highlighting genetic editing, proteomics, and liquid biopsy.

Aging of Chinese bony orbit: automatic calculation based on UNet++ and connected component analysis.

PURPOSE: Current research on the aging of bony orbit is usually done manually, which is inefficient and has a large error. In this paper, automatic segmentation of bony orbit based on deep learning and automatic calculation of the parameters of the segmented orbital contour (area and height of bony orbit) are presented. METHODS: The craniofacial CT scanning data of 595 Chinese were used to carry out three-dimensional reconstruction and output the craniofacial images. The orbital contour images are obtained automatically by UNet++ segmentation network, and then the bony orbital area and height were calculated automatically by connected component analysis. RESULTS: The automatic segmentation method has an Intersection of Union of 95.41% in craniofacial CT images. During the aging, the bony orbital area of males increased with age, while that of females decreased, and the area in male was larger than that in female (P < 0.05). The distance from equal points 10 and 40-90 to the supraorbital rim was significantly larger (P < 0.05). Except for the equal point 90, the distance from equal points to the inferior orbital rim was obviously larger (P < 0.05). In the females, the distance from equal points 50-70 to inferior orbital rim was significantly lower (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The method proposed here can automatically and accurately study image dataset of large-scale bony orbital CT imaging. UNet++ can achieve high-precision segmentation of bony orbital contours. The bony orbital area of Chinese changes with aging, and the bony orbital height changes different between males and females, which may be caused by the different position and degree of orbital bone resorption of males and females in the process of aging.

Evaluation of the long-term safety and biodegradability of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers (YVOIRE® ) for the correction of nasolabial folds: Two multicenter, prospective, observational cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: The therapeutic effects of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers to correct facial wrinkles and folds usually last up to 6-12 months. Few studies have evaluated their long-term safety. AIMS: To evaluate the long-term safety and biodegradability of two hyaluronic acid dermal fillers (YVOIRE® classic s and YVOIRE® volume s) for the correction of nasolabial folds (NLFs) in two prospective, observational studies. METHODS: Subjects scheduled to receive the injections of YVOIRE® classic s (N = 503) or YVOIRE® volume s (N = 503) at NLFs were followed up until complete clinical biodegradation, defined as a change in Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) score of ≥0 from baseline. The primary biodegradation endpoint was the proportion of subjects with complete clinical biodegradation during or after the 104-week post-treatment period. RESULTS: Complete clinical biodegradation was observed in 93.5% [95% CI 91.0%-95.5%] of 494 assessable YVOIRE® classic s recipients and 98.5% [95% CI 97.0%-99.4%] of 469 YVOIRE® volume s recipients during the 104-week post-treatment period. In most subjects, complete clinical biodegradation was observed within 52 weeks of the last treatment. Treatment-related adverse events (AEs) (mostly mild local injection-site reactions) occurred within 52 weeks post-treatment, in 68.2% and 75.0% of YVOIRE® classic s and YVOIRE® volume s recipients, respectively. During the 12 to 18 months after YVOIRE® volume s injection, 0.6% of subjects had treatment-related AEs (local injection-site reactions). No treatment-related AEs occurred 12 to 24 months after YVOIRE® classic s injection. CONCLUSIONS: YVOIRE® classic s and YVOIRE® volume s can be safely used to correct NLFs. Total clinical biodegradation tends to occur within 12 months of injection.

Deep Learning-Based CT Radiomics for Feature Representation and Analysis of Aging Characteristics of Asian Bony Orbit.

OBJECTIVE: This paper puts forward a new method for automatic segmentation of bony orbit as well as automatic extraction and classification of aging features of segmented orbit contour based on depth learning, with which the aging mode of bony orbit contour is preliminarily validated. METHOD: Three-dimensional reconstruction was carried out by using the craniofacial Computed Tomography scanning data of 595 adult Mongolians at different ages (119 young males, 78 young females, 109 middle-aged males, 89 middle-aged females, 95 elderly males, and 105 elderly females), the craniofacial images were exported, orbit contour images were obtained with U-Net segmentation network, and then the orbit contour features of young group, the middle-aged group and the elderly group were classified with the classification network. Next, contour area, height, and other features put forward in existing research were automatically calculated by using the connected component shape description method; and it was validated whether the aging features of the bony orbit only occur to partial or the whole orbit. RESULTS: With the method put forward in this paper, high-precision identification (97.94% and 99.18%) of 3 categories in the male and female group experiments. In the meanwhile, it was found in the comparison experiment with other features that bony orbit contour definitely has features relating to aging, but these features only occur to partial areas of the orbit, which enables the convolutional neural network to achieve good identification effects. And, bone resorption of the superior orbital rim of males is more obvious than that of the inferior orbital rim, but the overall shape features like the bony orbit area and height do not change significantly along with the increase of the age. CONCLUSIONS: U-Net can realize high-precision segmentation of the orbit contour, and with the Convolutional Neural Network-based orbit contour sorting algorithm, the aging degree of the bony orbit can be identified precisely. It is preliminarily validated that the aging mode of Mongolian bony orbit contour is that the bone resorption of the superior orbital rim is more obvious than that of the inferior orbital rim, and the change of the orbit area, perimeter, height and circularity is not obvious in the aging process.

Progressive disfiguring facial masses with pupillary axis obstruction from Morbihan syndrome: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Morbihan syndrome is a rare illness, which presents with recurrent pitting edema on the upper two thirds of the face causing facial contour deformities, and Morbihan syndrome obstructing the pupillary axis with ptosis was seldomly reported. CASE SUMMARY: A 59-year-old woman presented with a 15-year history of facial swelling that progressively invaded bilaterally from the inner canthus and eyelids outwards. Imaging examination indicated that the bilateral periorbital and the left temporal soft tissues had swelling without cranium invasion. Histopathological analysis showed a large amount of lymphocyte infiltration, and immunohistochemistry showed positive expression of CD68 in clear-cut granulomas and D2-40 in the lymphatic endothelium. Finally, the clinical diagnosis of Morbihan syndrome was confirmed. CONCLUSION: Morbihan syndrome is an infrequent and refractory disease, which is characteristic with recurrent woody facial edema on the upper two thirds of the face. Solid facial edema is persistent and non-pitting, causing facial contour deformities and even vision field impairment. The diagnosis of Morbihan syndrome depends on clinical features, imaging information, and pathology. Blepharoplasty is optional to improve the visual field for these patients with severe pupillary axis obstruction.

Skin necrosis due to post-treatment care failure after photodynamic therapy of facial port-wine stain in Sturge-Weber Syndrome - A case report.

We report on a case of photodynamic therapy (PDT) of large facial port-wine stain (PWS) in 5-year-old patient with Sturge-Weber Syndrome (SWS). Improvement was achieved after the first session without severe adverse reactions, however, prolonged swelling, infection and skin necrosis occurred after the second session, mainly due to failure of post-treatment care. The case demonstrates that post-treatment care is critical for PDT of large facial PWS, particularly for SWS patients.

Endovascular Hyaluronidase Application Through Superselective Angiography to Rescue Blindness Caused by Hyaluronic Acid Injection.

BACKGROUND: Blindness is a rare but catastrophic complication of facial hyaluronic acid (HA) injection. Although various means to rescue visual impairment have been employed, no consensus regarding effective treatment has yet been reached. We organized a multidisciplinary team to address this emergency situation by means of endovascular hyaluronidase application. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the direct delivery of hyaluronidase to ophthalmic artery occlusion through endovascular cannulation to resolve HA-induced blindness. METHODS: Four patients with visual impairments caused by HA filler embolization were subjected to sequential treatments. Through superselective angiography, a microcatheter was introduced along a guidewire from the femoral artery to the ophthalmic artery to directly deliver hyaluronidase to the HA embolism. The safety and efficiency of this treatment were systematically analyzed. RESULTS: Selective cerebral angiography demonstrated that the endovascular application of hyaluronidase significantly alleviated occlusion in 3 patients. One patient showed slight visual improvement, whereas the other patients showed no improvement in their visual function during a follow-up period of more than 3 months. One patient suffered from cerebral infarction in the left middle cerebral artery during the intervention surgery. Moreover, 2 patients showed multiple lacunar cerebral infarctions after the operation, whereas none exhibited symptoms of hemiplegia during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Although the endovascular application of hyaluronidase could partially recanalize the occluded branches of the ophthalmic artery, it had limited effects on restoring vision. Considering the risks of vascular intervention surgery, this approach should be considered with caution.

Correction to: Clinical Observations and the Anatomical Basis of Blindness After Facial Hyaluronic Acid Injection.

The article Clinical Observations and the Anatomical Basis of Blindness After Facial Hyaluronic Acid Injection, written by Zhang et al was originally published Online First without Open Access.