Sex differences in anhedonia in bipolar depression: a resting-state fMRI study.

Previous studies about anhedonia symptoms in bipolar depression (BD) ignored the unique role of gender on brain function. This study aims to explore the regional brain neuroimaging features of BD with anhedonia and the sex differences in these patients. The resting-fMRI by applying fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) method was estimated in 263 patients with BD (174 high anhedonia [HA], 89 low anhedonia [LA]) and 213 healthy controls. The effects of two different factors in patients with BD were analyzed using a 3 (group: HA, LA, HC) × 2 (sex: male, female) ANOVA. The fALFF values were higher in the HA group than in the LA group in the right medial cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor area. For the sex-by-group interaction, the fALFF values of the right hippocampus, left medial occipital gyrus, right insula, and bilateral medial cingulate gyrus were significantly higher in HA males than in LA males but not females. These results suggested that the pattern of high activation could be a marker of anhedonia symptoms in BD males, and the sex differences should be considered in future studies of BD with anhedonia symptoms.

Effects of Dityrosine on Lactic Acid Metabolism in Mice Gastrocnemius Muscle During Endurance Exercise via the Oxidative Stress-Induced Mitochondria Damage.

Dityrosine (Dityr) has been detected in commercial food as a product of protein oxidation and has been shown to pose a threat to human health. This study aims to investigate whether Dityr causes a decrease in lactic acid metabolism in the gastrocnemius muscle during endurance exercise. C57BL/6 mice were administered Dityr or saline by gavage for 13 weeks and underwent an endurance exercise test on a treadmill. Dityr caused a severe reduction in motion displacement and endurance time, along with a significant increase in lactic acid accumulation in the blood and gastrocnemius muscle in mice after exercise. Dityr induced significant mitochondrial defects in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice. Additionally, Dityr induced serious oxidative stress in the gastrocnemius muscle, accompanied by inflammation, which might be one of the causes of mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, significant apoptosis in the gastrocnemius muscle increased after exposure to Dityr. This study confirmed that Dityr induced oxidative stress in the gastrocnemius muscle, which further caused significant mitochondrial damage in the gastrocnemius muscle cell, resulting in decreased capacity of lactic acid metabolism and finally affected performance in endurance exercise. This may be one of the possible mechanisms by which highly oxidized foods cause a decreased muscle energy metabolism.

Corrigendum: Is video creation more effective than self-exercise in motor skill learning?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1032680.].

Abnormal stability of spontaneous neuronal activity as a predictor of diagnosis conversion from major depressive disorder to bipolar disorder.

OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) is often misdiagnosed as major depressive disorder (MDD) in the early stage, which may lead to inappropriate treatment. This study aimed to characterize the alterations of spontaneous neuronal activity in patients with depressive episodes whose diagnosis transferred from MDD to BD. METHODS: 532 patients with MDD and 132 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited over 10 years. During the follow-up period, 75 participants with MDD transferred to BD (tBD), and 157 participants remained with the diagnosis of unipolar depression (UD). After excluding participants with poor image quality and excessive head movement, 68 participants with the diagnosis of tBD, 150 participants with the diagnosis of UD, and 130 HCs were finally included in the analysis. The dynamic amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (dALFF) of spontaneous neuronal activity was evaluated in tBD, UD and HC using functional magnetic resonance imaging at study inclusion. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of the conversion prediction from MDD to BD based on dALFF. RESULTS: Compared to HC, tBD exhibited elevated dALFF at left premotor cortex (PMC_L), right lateral temporal cortex (LTC_R) and right early auditory cortex (EAC_R), and UD showed reduced dALFF at PMC_L, left paracentral lobule (PCL_L), bilateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), right orbital frontal cortex (OFC_R), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC_R), right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC_R) and elevated dALFF at LTC_R. Furthermore, tBD exhibited elevated dALFF at PMC_L, PCL_L, bilateral mPFC, bilateral OFC, DLPFC_R, PCC_R and LTC_R than UD. In addition, ROC analysis based on dALFF in differential areas obtained an area under the curve (AUC) of 72.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated the temporal dynamic abnormalities of tBD and UD in the critical regions of the somatomotor network (SMN), default mode network (DMN), and central executive network (CEN). The differential abnormal patterns of temporal dynamics between the two diseases have the potential to predict the diagnosis transition from MDD to BD.

Effects of flexibility exercises to prevent knee injuries in tennis players / Efeitos dos exercícios de flexibilidade para prevenção em lesões do joelho nos tenistas / Efectos de los ejercicios de flexibilidad para prevención de lesiones de rodilla en jugadores de tenis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Despite the intrinsic benefits of sports practice, the adherence to tennis by a large part of the population without the due physical preparation apparently resulted in a high rate of knee joint injuries in tennis players, either in daily training or competitions. Objective: Prevent tennis players' knee joint injuries by exploring ways to improve lower limb joint stability. Methods: This paper selected 50 national second-level professional tennis players and divided them into two groups. Both groups had daily tennis training, but the experimental group experienced additional lower limb flexibility exercises. Results: The tennis players in the experimental group increased their seated forward flexion from 22.19 cm to 26.96 cm, the knee joint extensor muscle strength index increased from 142.69 to 176.23, and the knee joint flexor muscle strength index increased from 93.21 to 149.28, P<0.05, with significant differences. The general stability index was changed from 0.23 to 0.20, the internal and external indices varied from 0.13 to 0.08, and the frontal and posterior indices changed from 0.13 to 0.08. Conclusion: Knee joint injuries in tennis players can be effectively combated by adding lower limb flexibility exercise protocol to daily training. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: Apesar dos benefícios intrínsecos da prática esportiva, a adesão do tênis por grande parte da população sem o devido preparo físico aparentemente resultou numa alta taxa de lesões articulações do joelho dos tenistas, seja no treinamento diário de tênis ou em competições. Objetivo: Prevenir a lesão das articulações do joelho dos tenistas, explorando as formas de melhorar a estabilidade das articulações dos membros inferiores. Métodos: Este artigo selecionou 50 tenistas profissionais nacionais de segundo nível e os dividiu em dois grupos. Ambos os grupos tiveram treinamento diário de tênis, porém o grupo experimental experimentou exercícios adicionais de flexibilidade para os membros inferiores. Resultados: Os tenistas do grupo experimental aumentaram sua flexão sentados para frente de 22,19 cm para 26,96 cm, o índice a força muscular extensora da articulação do joelho aumentou de 142,69 para 176,23, e o índice da força muscular flexora da articulação do joelho aumentou de 93,21 para 149,28, P<0,05, com diferenças significativas. O índice de estabilidade geral foi alterado de 0,23 para 0,20, os índices internos e externos variaram de 0,13 para 0,08, e os índices frontal e posterior mudaram de 0,13 para 0,08. Conclusão: As lesões articulares nos joelhos dos tenistas podem ser efetivamente combatidas adicionando o protocolo de exercício de flexibilidade para os membros inferiores ao treinamento diário. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: A pesar de los beneficios intrínsecos de la práctica deportiva, la adhesión del tenis por gran parte de la población sin la debida preparación física aparentemente resultó en un alto índice de lesiones articulares de rodilla de los tenistas, ya sea en el entrenamiento diario de tenis o en competiciones. Objetivo: Prevenir las lesiones articulares de rodilla de los tenistas explorando formas de mejorar la estabilidad articular del miembro inferior. Métodos: Este trabajo seleccionó a 50 tenistas profesionales nacionales de segundo nivel y los dividió en dos grupos. Ambos grupos realizaron un entrenamiento diario de tenis, aunque el grupo experimental experimentó ejercicios adicionales de flexibilidad de las extremidades inferiores. Resultados: Los tenistas del grupo experimental aumentaron su flexión sentada hacia delante de 22,19 cm a 26,96 cm, el índice de fuerza muscular extensor de la articulación de la rodilla aumentó de 142,69 a 176,23, y el índice de fuerza muscular flexor de la articulación de la rodilla aumentó de 93,21 a 149,28, P<0,05, con diferencias significativas. El índice de estabilidad general varió de 0,23 a 0,20, los índices interno y externo variaron de 0,13 a 0,08, y los índices frontal y posterior variaron de 0,13 a 0,08. Conclusión: Las lesiones de la articulación de la rodilla en jugadores de tenis pueden combatirse eficazmente añadiendo un protocolo de ejercicios de flexibilidad de las extremidades inferiores al entrenamiento diario. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Is video creation more effective than self-exercise in motor skill learning?

Parallel to the tremendous growth and expansion of video technology, it is easy and enjoyable for students to create a video as a learning activity. However, most previous studies primarily focused on declarative knowledge learning (e.g., language learning, science learning) rather than motor skill learning. The current study aimed to investigate whether creating and sharing a video with classmates would be more effective than merely creating a video and self-exercise to learn a motor skill in terms of intrinsic motivation, perseverance in learning, learning satisfaction, and roller-skating skill. Partially consistent with our hypothesis, we found that creating and sharing a video with classmates increased students' intrinsic motivation, perseverance in motor tasks, and learning satisfaction, but not roller-skating skill, followed by merely creating a video and then self-exercise. The findings have an important implication for motor skills learning: during teaching motor skills, teachers can use encourage students to create and share a video with classmates as a homework activity to increase students' intrinsic motivation, perseverance in motor tasks, and learning satisfaction.