Incontinentia pigmenti with intracranial arachnoid cyst: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant genetic disorder that can be fatal in male infants. It is a disease that affects many systems of the human body. In addition to characteristic skin changes, patients may also have pathological features of the eyes, teeth, and central nervous system. Therefore, the lesions in these systems may be the first symptoms for which patients seek treatment. To date, no cases of IP complicated by intracranial arachnoid cyst (IAC) have been reported. This paper aims to report a case of IP with IAC in order to share the diagnosis and treatment experience of this rare case with other clinicians. CASE SUMMARY: An 11-year-old female patient suffered intermittent limb convulsions for five months and was sent to hospital. In the initial stage, the patient was considered to have primary epilepsy. Further investigation of the patient's medical history, physical examination and imaging examination led to the diagnosis of IP combined with intracranial space-occupying lesions, and secondary epilepsy. The patient was treated with craniotomy, and postoperative pathology revealed an IAC. The patient recovered well after craniotomy and had no obvious surgery-related complications. During the follow-up period, the patient did not have recurrent epilepsy symptoms. CONCLUSION: IP is a multi-system disease that presents with typical skin lesions at birth, but the long-term prognosis of this disease depends on the involvement of systems other than the skin, especially nervous system and ocular lesions.

Primary intracranial synovial sarcoma with hemorrhage: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Synovial sarcoma (SS) is a highly malignant tumor of unknown histological origin. This tumor can occur in various parts of the body, including those without synovial structures, but mainly in and around the joints, mostly in the lower extremities. Primary intracranial SSs are remarkably rare. This paper aims to report a case of primary intracranial SS with hemorrhage. CASE SUMMARY: A 35-year-old male patient suffered a headache and slurred speech during manual labor and was sent to the emergency department. Through imaging examination, the patient was considered to have high-grade glioma complicated with hemorrhage and was treated with craniotomy. Postoperative pathology revealed SS. positron emission tomography/computed tomography was performed, which ruled out the possibility of metastasis to the intracranial from other parts of the body. Postoperative radiotherapy was given to the patient, during which radiation necrosis occurred. Sixteen months after craniotomy, cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed recurrence of the tumor. CONCLUSION: Primary intracranial SS is a rare malignant tumor. Primary intracranial SS with hemorrhage and radiation necrosis should be carefully monitored during postoperative radiotherapy. Surgical resection of the tumor combined with postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy is currently used, but the prognosis is poor.

[Intra-nucleus accumbens shell injection of baclofen blocks the reconsolidation of conditioned place preference in morphine-addicted mice].

Preclinical studies suggest that the GABAB receptor is a potential target for treatment of substance use disorders. Baclofen (BLF), a prototypical GABAB receptor agonist, is the only specific GABAB receptor agonist available for application in clinical addiction treatment. The nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) is a key node in the circuit that controls reward-directed behavior. However, the relationship between GABAB receptors in the AcbSh and memory reconsolidation was unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intra-AcbSh injection of BLF on the reconsolidation of morphine reward memory. Male C57BL/6J mice were used to establish morphine conditioned place preference (CPP) model and carry out morphine reward memory retrieval and activation experiment. The effects of intra-AcbSh injection of BLF on morphine-induced CPP, reinstatement of CPP and locomotor activity were observed after environmental cues activating morphine reward memory. The results showed that intra-AcbSh injection of BLF (0.06 nmol/0.2 µL/side or 0.12 nmol/0.2 µL/side), rather than vehicle or BLF (0.01 nmol/0.2 µL/side), following morphine reward memory retrieval abolished morphine-induced CPP by disrupting its reconsolidation in mice. Moreover, this effect persisted for more than 14 days, which was not reversed by a morphine priming injection. Furthermore, intra-AcbSh injection of BLF without morphine reward memory retrieval had no effect on morphine-associated reward memory. Interestingly, administration of BLF into the AcbSh had no effect on the locomotor activity of mice during testing phase. Based on these results, we concluded that intra-AcbSh injection of BLF following morphine reward memory could erase morphine-induced CPP by disrupting its reconsolidation. Activating GABAB receptor in AcbSh during drug memory reconsolidation may be a potential approach to prevent drug relapse.