Application of virtual reality technology combined with moderate perineal protection in natural childbirth.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the application effect of virtual reality (VR) combined with moderate perineal protection on singleton primipara delivery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study utilised a two-group design intervention and a randomised clinical trial. A total of 200 singleton primiparas who had a regular prenatal examination in a third-class hospital (between 1 September 2018 and 30 December 2018) and were willing to give birth naturally were randomly divided into treatment (traditional prenatal health mission combined with desktop VR health education system mode) and control (traditional health education mode) groups. The delivery conditions of the two groups were surveyed, recorded, analysed and compared. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the time of the second stage of labour between the treatment and control groups, and the comparison of neonatal Apgar scores and neonatal weight between the two groups showed that the different modes of prenatal education had no effect on newborns (p > 0.05). The amount of postpartum haemorrhage in 2 h and the pain score in the treatment group were significantly lower than in the control group, and the degree of perineal injury in the treatment group was not as serious as that in the control group. Meanwhile, there was a statistically significant difference in the anxiety score, self-efficacy score and quality of life satisfaction between the treatment and control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: VR technology combined with moderate perineal protection could improve the delivery outcome of a primipara, maternal self-confidence of delivery and the quality of vaginal delivery; effectively alleviate the anxiety of a primipara; have no adverse effects on both mothers and newborns; and be widely used in clinical settings.

Design of Ni(OH)2 nanocages@MnO2 nanosheets core-shell architecture to jointly facilitate electrocatalytic dynamic for highly sensitive detection of dopamine.

In this work, Ni(OH)2 nanocages@MnO2 nanosheets core-shell architecture (Ni(OH)2 NCs@MnO2 NSs CSA) was successfully prepared through coordinated etching and precipitation (CEP) route followed by hydrothermal reaction, and then tested as sensitive electrode material for detection of dopamine (DA). The three dimensional (3D) hollow Ni(OH)2 core effectively prevented the aggregation of MnO2 NSs, leading to high utilization rate of MnO2 NSs. Meanwhile, the two dimensional (2D) MnO2 shell endowed Ni(OH)2 NCs with larger specific area and abundant diffusion channels, facilitating mass transport. Ni(OH)2 NCs@MnO2 NSs CSA modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) exhibited two satisfying sensitivities of 467.1 and 1249.9 µA mM-1 cm-2 within the two linear ranges of 0.02-16.30 µM and 18.30-118.58 µM, respectively. Furthermore, Ni(OH)2 NCs@MnO2 NSs CSA/GCE presented low detection limit of 1.75 nM and short response time of 1.14 s. Overall, Ni(OH)2 NCs@MnO2 NSs/GCE looks promising for analytical sensing of DA thanks to its prominent electrocatalytic dynamic issued from the 3D hollow structure@2D nanosheets core-shell architecture.

Changes in the Sociodemographic Factors of Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption in Chinese Adolescents from 2004 to 2011.

Finding ways to reduce tobacco and alcohol consumption among adolescents has been a major public health challenge in China. In relation to this issue, the current study evaluated the changes in the sociodemographic factors of tobacco and alcohol consumption among Chinese adolescents who are 12⁻18 years old. Trends in sociodemographic factors associated with tobacco and alcohol consumption were investigated based on the 2004⁻2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Questionnaires that extracted data on tobacco and alcohol consumption (i.e., prior experience of smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic beverages) were distributed. Additional variables (e.g., age, residence, gender, etc.) were used in the analyses. Firth penalized logistic regression was conducted with drinking and smoking status variables as the dependent variables. Male adolescents were more inclined to smoke in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Adolescents aged 15⁻16 years were more inclined to smoke compared with those aged 12⁻14 years in 2004, 2006, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Among adolescents aged 15⁻18 years, older ones were more inclined to not smoke in 2004 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.531, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.343⁻0.821). Adolescents who did not attend school were more inclined to smoke in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Adolescents who were drinkers were more inclined to smoke in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). Male adolescents were more likely to drink in 2004, 2006, and 2009 (p < 0.05 for all). In 2006 and 2009, adolescents aged 15⁻16 years were more inclined to drink compared with those aged 12⁻14 years (p < 0.05 for all). Among adolescents aged 15⁻18 years, older ones were less inclined to drink in 2004 (OR = 0.719, 95% CI 0.527⁻0.980) and 2006 (OR = 0.716, 95% CI 0.527⁻0.972). Adolescents who smoked were more likely to drink in 2004, 2006, 2009, and 2011 (p < 0.05 for all). The prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption among adolescents has not changed significantly. The current study identified adolescent high-risk groups for tobacco and alcohol consumption.

Aminophylline for treatment of postdural puncture headache: A randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of IV aminophylline for patients with postdural puncture headache (PDPH). METHODS: We randomly assigned patients to groups receiving either 250 mg IV aminophylline or a placebo within 3 hours of symptom onset once daily for 2 consecutive days. The primary endpoint was headache severity 8 hours after treatment. We assessed this using visual analog scale (VAS) scores taken from patients in a standing position. We also recorded posttreatment VAS score changes, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scores, and adverse events. We performed an intention-to-treat analysis. RESULTS: We enrolled 126 patients with PDPH at 5 centers in China (62 assigned to the aminophylline group and 64 to the placebo group). The median age was 37 years, and 96 (76.2%) patients were women. Compared to the placebo-treated patients, the aminophylline-treated patients had significantly lower mean VAS scores 8 hours after treatment (5.34 vs 2.98, p < 0.001) and were significantly more likely to report improvements on the PGIC (39.1% vs 72.6%, p < 0.01). This therapeutic effect was already evident at the 30-minute time point and persisted for 2 days. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events (4.8% vs 1.6%, p = 0.589). CONCLUSIONS: IV aminophylline is an effective and safe early-stage treatment for patients with PDPH. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER: NCT02522013. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that for people with PDPH, IV aminophylline reduces headache severity.