Co-benefits and influencing factors exploration of air pollution and carbon reduction in China: Based on marginal abatement costs.

This study addresses the pressing need for cost-effective emission reduction strategies that maximize co-benefits in terms of air pollution and carbon emissions. Our research contributes to the literature by accurately measuring these co-benefits, thereby facilitating their prompt realization in different regions. We employ an input-output framework that integrates carbon emissions and air pollution, allowing us to calculate marginal abatement costs using the shadow price of undesired output. Through this approach, we quantify the co-benefits and analyze the factors influencing them at both spatiotemporal and factor levels using spatial kernel density and geographical detectors. Our findings reveal several key insights: (1) under joint emission reduction efforts, we observe average annual reduction rates of 6.46% for marginal pollution and 6.10% for carbon reduction costs. Importantly, we document an increase in co-benefits from 0.50 to 0.86, characterized by an initial fluctuation followed by a linear increase. (2) the marginal cost difference for carbon emission and pollution reduction in western China was 179.45 and 155.08 respectively, compared to 321.51 and 124.70 in the Northeast, highlighting the crucial role of regional differences in shaping co-benefit outcomes. (3) we identify a negative spatial spillover effect between provinces, which diminishes over time, leading to heterogeneous effects when local provincial co-benefits exceed a threshold of 0.9. (4) during the adjustment period, we find that the industrial structure exerts significant single and interactive effects on co-benefits. Additionally, we highlight the critical role of environmental governance investment and government intervention as drivers of co-benefits in the current era. By offering the quantification of co-benefits under the marginal abatement costs, our study provides valuable scientific insights for planning and implementing effective synergy strategies.

Exposure to pesticides and risk of colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a widespread malignancy worldwide, and its relationship with pesticide exposure remains inconclusive. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between pesticide exposure and the risk of colon, rectal, or CRC, focusing on specific pesticide groups. We conducted an extensive literature search for peer-reviewed studies published up to March 31, 2023. Summary risk ratios (RR) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using stratified random-effects meta-analyses, taking into account different types of exposure and outcomes, and various exposed populations and pesticide subgroups. This approach aimed to address the substantial heterogeneity observed across the literature. We also assessed heterogeneity and potential small-study effects to ensure the robustness of our findings. From the 50 studies included in this review, 33 contributed to the meta-analysis. Our results indicate a significant association between herbicide exposure and colon cancer in both lifetime-days (LDs) (RR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.01-1.42) and intensity-weighted lifetime-days (IWLDs) (RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.12-1.49) exposure. Similarly, insecticide exposure was associated with an increased risk of colon cancer in IWLDs (RR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.02-1.70) exposure, and rectal cancer in any versus never exposure (RR = 1.21; 95% CI = 1.07-1.36), IDs (RR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.30-2.67) and IWLDs (RR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.03-2.83) exposure. While these findings suggest significant associations of herbicide and insecticide exposure with colon and rectal cancer, respectively, further research is needed to explore the impact of other pesticide groups and deepen our understanding of pesticide exposure. These results have important implications for policymakers and regulators, underscoring the need for stricter supervision and regulation of pesticide use to mitigate CRC risk.

Spatial disparities and sources analysis of co-benefits between air pollution and carbon reduction in China.

Spatial misallocation of resource elements impedes the coordination in regional co-benefit in carbon emission and pollution reduction. Guided by scope economy principles, this study aims to quantifies co-benefits and explores spatial variation patterns to facilitate mutual synergy. The findings offer valuable insights for identifying optimal focus points and shaping targeted collaborative policies. Based on the multi-source provincial panel data spanning 2000 to 2021, this paper quantitatively assesses the co-benefit through the lens of marginal abatement cost. Then, the Dagum Gini coefficient was employed to investigate the disparities at the spatial level. Additionally, geographical detector is introduced to analyze the source of disparities at the factor level. Results indicate: (1) Under joint reduction, the marginal abatement cost reduces by 57.86% and 79.97% respectively, with an overall 68.77% increase in co-benefit fluctuation. (2) Provinces with low co-benefit significantly decreased after 2007, while provinces with high co-benefit concentrated in the northwest, southwest, and east. (3) Overall disparities decreased, east-central regions hold the lowest spatial disparities in co-benefit and east-west hold the most; intragroup differences and supervariable density primarily contributes to the disparity. (4) FDI significantly influence the co-benefit over the past two decades, with spatial disparities influenced by both endogenous and exogenous factors across development stages.

Does having more power make people more materialistic? The role of personal sense of power for gift preferences.

Introduction: Gift-giving is a prevalent practice in daily life, with experiential gifts being identified in studies as having hedonic and interpersonal advantages, often yielding greater recipient satisfaction compared to material gifts. However, the reception of experiential gifts might not always align with expectations, as material gifts are valued for their enduring qualities. Thus, comprehending the contexts favoring material or experiential gift preferences becomes crucial. Methods: Existing research primarily delves into external influences like income and social proximity, while intrinsic factors such as personal sense of power in interpersonal interactions have received limited attention. Guided by the Agentic-communal Model of Power, we conducted three studies to investigate how personal sense of power impact gift preferences. Results: Our findings demonstrated that gift preferences are contingent upon personal sense of power. Specifically, those possessing a high personal sense of power exhibited a preference for material gifts over experiential ones, whereas individuals with a low personal sense of power favored experiential gifts over material ones. Further analysis revealed that the relationship between personal sense of power and gift preference is mediated by information processing fluency. Discussion: This study contributes to the field of gift preferences and sheds light on the role of personal sense of power. By incorporating the Agentic-communal Model of Power, we offer novel insights into the dynamics between personal sense of power and gift preferences. These findings hold valuable implications for managerial strategies concerning gift selection and interpersonal interactions.

Overexpression of EphB6 and EphrinB2 controls soma spacing of cortical neurons in a mutual inhibitory way.

To establish functional circuitry, neurons settle down in a particular spatial domain by spacing their cell bodies, which requires proper positioning of the soma and establishing of a zone with unique connections. Deficits in this process are implicated in neurodevelopmental diseases. In this study, we examined the function of EphB6 in the development of cerebral cortex. Overexpression of EphB6 via in utero electroporation results in clumping of cortical neurons, while reducing its expression has no effect. In addition, overexpression of EphrinB2, a ligand of EphB6, also induces soma clumping in the cortex. Unexpectedly, the soma clumping phenotypes disappear when both of them are overexpressed in cortical neurons. The mutual inhibitory effect of EphB6/ EphrinB2 on preventing soma clumping is likely to be achieved via interaction of their specific domains. Thus, our results reveal a combinational role of EphrinB2/EphB6 overexpression in controlling soma spacing in cortical development.

Pathogenetic and Therapeutic Role of Gut Microbiome in Immunoglobin A Nephropathy.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is a common primary glomerulonephritis, which is mainly characterized by excessive IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangial area. Although exploring the pathogenesis of IgAN and improving the treatment strategies continuously, the exact pathogenesis of IgAN remains unclear and the disease still leads to high mortality. Recently, emerging evidence has demonstrated that dysregulated intestinal mucosal immunity and gut microbiome imbalance may play a combined role in the development and progression of IgAN. It has been suggested that reconstructing the intestinal microenvironment and maintaining the stability and metabolic balance of gut microbiome are expected to become new treatment strategies. Meanwhile, inhibiting mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) controlled by the gut microbiome may become an alternative treatment, especially used to reduce the excessive production of IgA in IgAN. In this review, we summarized the correlation between gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of IgAN, as well as the therapeutic potential of gut microbiome in this disease.

Survival comparison between endoscopic and surgical resection for non-ampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumor (1-2 cm).

The treatment plan for non-ampullary duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (d-NETs) with diameters 1-2 cm remains controversial. We therefore aimed to compare the prognostic effects of endoscopic treatment and surgical resection on non-ampullary d-NETs with 1-2 cm diameters. A total of 373 eligible patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to match patients 1:1 according to clinicopathological characteristics. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. Before PSM, there was no significant difference in DSS or OS (all P > 0.05), but the T stage, N stage, and TNM stage were significantly different between the two surgical methods (all P < 0.05). After 1:1 PSM, the differences in clinicopathological characteristics were significantly reduced (all P > 0.05). Survival analysis showed that tumor grade was correlated with DSS and that age was correlated with OS (all P < 0.05); however, the surgical method and other clinicopathological characteristics were not correlated with prognosis (all P > 0.05). Subgroup survival analysis of patients with T2N0M0 disease and tumors invading the lamina propria or submucosa showed that the 5-year DSS and OS rates were not significantly different according to the surgical approach (all P > 0.05). The surgical approach has no significant effect on the prognosis of patients with non-ampullary d-NETs with 1-2 cm diameters, especially those with T2N0M0 disease. This suggests that endoscopic treatment may be a preferred option for these patients.

Enhanced electrochemical sensing performance for trace Hg(II) by high activity of Co3+ on Co3O4-NP/N-RGO surface.

Constructing a highly sensitive and selective electrochemical interface is of great significance for the effective detection of Hg2+ in water and biological samples. Herein, Co3O4 nanopolyhedron (NP) anchored on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-RGO) is utilized as the electrode material for the detection of Hg2+ in the range of 0.1 µM-1.0 µM, with high sensitivity (1899.70 µA µM-1 cm-2) and low detection limits (0.03 µM) in natural water. Moreover, the Co3O4-NP/N-RGO modified electrode possesses reasonable anti-interference ability for Hg2+ in the presence of inorganic ions and glucose, which is the basis of its good response to trace Hg2+ in serum. Besides, combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electron transfer tendency is revealed. Additionally, combined with the electron state density of Co-p, it is speculated that Co3+ is an optimum active site for catalytic reaction. The above results elucidate an electrochemically sensitive interface is constructed to realize the efficient detection of Hg2+, which provides some theoretical guidance for the development of electrochemical sensors.

Multi-hydrolytic enzyme accumulation and microbial community structure of anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and waste-activated sludge.

The accumulation of multi-hydrolytic enzyme through anaerobic co-digestion of waste-activated sludge (WAS) and food waste (FW) was studied by regulating temperature, pH and the mass ratio of FW to WAS (F/W). Experimental results showed that temperature had a profound effect on the activity of the enzyme and the most suitable temperatures for the accumulation of amylase and protease were 37°C and 50°C, respectively. The highest activity of amylase and protease accumulated reached 10.29 and 19.23 U/mL at an F/W ratio of 2:1. The addition of anaerobic co-digestion solution enriching protease and amylase had positive effects on the hydrolysis of WAS. In addition, the Illumina high-throughput sequencing demonstrated that the bacterial diversity decreased, but the bacterial abundance increased during the co-digestion process of WAS and FW. The predominant strains for secreting amylase were Lactobacillus and Clostridium-sensu-strito-1, and Aeromonas was the dominant strain for secreting protease.

Hidden blood loss and the influencing factors after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

BACKGROUND: A small amount of bleeding usually occurs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), but the occurrence of perioperative hidden blood loss (HBL) is ignored. So our objective is to investigate the amount of HBL and find out the influential factors in LC. METHODS: From January 2017 to May 2019, 139 patients scheduled for LC were enrolled in the study. The data of patients' sex, age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), form of gallbladder bed, gallbladder status, hypertension, diabetes, liver cirrhosis, drainage volume and operation time were recorded. The patients' height, weight and preoperative and postoperative haematocrit and haemoglobin were recorded and applied to the Gross formula to determine the amount of blood loss. The data of sex, age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder status, liver cirrhosis and operation time were analysed by multivariate linear regression analysis. One-way analysis of variance was performed to find out the relative correlation between HBL and the type of gallbladder bed. RESULTS: The HBL was 259.3 ± 188.5 mL. On the basis of multivariate linear regression analysis and analysis of variance, the gallbladder bed, hypertension and the operation time are influential factors of HBL in patients with LC. However, sex, age, BMI, gallbladder status, liver cirrhosis and diabetes are not significantly correlated with HBL. CONCLUSIONS: HBL should not be overlooked during the perioperative period of LC, especially in patients with hypertension, gallbladder bed >50% gallbladder surface or operation time >60 min.

A Novel Fully Human Antibody targeting Extracellular Domain of PSMA Inhibits Tumor Growth in Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in men and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. It is of vital importance to develop new strategies for prostate cancer therapy. PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is specifically expressed in prostate cancer and the neovasculature of certain cancer types, thus is considered to be an ideal target for cancer therapy. In our previous study, we have obtained a PSMA-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv), named gy1, from a large yeast display naïve human scFv library. In this study, we reconstructed the PSMA scFv into a fully human antibody (named PSMAb) and evaluated its characterization both in vitro and in vivo We showed that PSMAb can specifically bind with and internalize into PSMA+ cells. The binding affinity of PSMAb is measured to be at nanomolar level, and PSMAb has very good thermostability. In vivo study showed that near IR dye-labeled PSMAb can specifically localize at PSMA+ tumors, and the application of PSMAb in vivo significantly inhibited the growth of PSMA+ tumors, but not PSMA- tumors. At the studied doses, no obvious toxicity was observed when applied in vivo, as shown by the relative normal liver and kidney function and normal structure of important organs, shown by hematoxylin and eosin staining. In addition, PSMAb may inhibit tumor growth through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity mechanisms. Our results indicated that the novel fully human antibody, PSMAb, deserve further study for PSMA-targeted diagnosis and therapy for prostate cancer and other cancer types with vascular PSMA expression.

[Characteristics of Atmospheric BTX near a Main Road in Hefei City].

In order to study levels of BTX near a main road in Hefei in March 2016, benzene, toluene, m-xylene, and o-xylene (BTX) and conventional pollutants (such as NO2 and SO2) in the atmosphere were monitored through a home-made differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) system. Results showed that average concentrations of benzene, toluene, m-xylene, and o-xylene were 21.7, 63.6, 33.9, and 98.7 µg·m-3, respectively. Compared with other cities both in China and elsewhere, benzene and toluene pollution can be considered to be of medium level, while xylene pollution is serious. Wind direction, T/B ratio, and correlation with CO were also analyzed, together with BTX sources. Result showed that the T/B ratio was 0.8-4.5, with correlation coefficients of benzene, toluene, and CO of 0.55 and 0.34, respectively. These values indicate that benzene and toluene are mainly derived from automotive emissions, also affected by surrounding industrial parks. Xylene is mainly derived from a coating industrial park north of the observation site. It was shown that high night-time concentrations of benzene and toulene could be due to industrial emissions from the industrial parks around the observation site. The ozone formation potential is in the order of o-xylene > m-xylene > toulene > benzene at the observation site. The ozone formation potential of xylene accounted for 85% of total ozone formation potential, indicating that emissions from surrounding industrial parks contribute greatly to ozone formation in the area.

Study of a Laser Wavelength Correction Method Applied to the Measurement of OH Radical with Laser-Induced Fluor.

A method for dye laser wavelength correction applied for the measurement of OH radical with FAGE (Fluorescence Assay by Gas Expansion) is researched in this article. Sufficiently stable concentration of OH radical is produced with thermal dissociation of H2O by using an alumel filament and the fluorescence is excited with 282 nm laser in a low pressure cell. The fluorescence is detected with a photomultiplier and a high speed data acquisition card, while the laser light is monitored by a photodiode, and both signals are handled by a LabVIEW program for further analysis. The data acquisition card is triggered by a positive TTL pulse generated by a digital delay generator, which is triggered by a rising edge of a synchronized output pulse of the dye laser. The LabVIEW program is used to determine the location of the OH excited line according to the fluorescence intensity of OH radical when the frequency of the dye laser is scanned. By scanning dye laser wavelength range in 281.97~282.28 nm, excitation spectrum of OH radical is recorded. In order to optimize system parameters and achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio, the effects of the humidity, oxygen concentration, mass flow and pumping speed on fluorescence intensity and lifetime are studied at Q12 line and less than ±1.9% fluctuations of the fluorescence intensity is obtained. With analysis of the reaction mechanism of the thermal dissociation of H2O, it is concluded that reaction of oxygen and water is a major source of OH radical. Laser output wavelength is scanned in a small range around Q12 line to find out the exact exciting line and then correct the laser's output, which might slightly shift due to the environmental change and leads to reduction of fluorescence intensity. The wavelength correction procedure is implemented many times and the results show that the systematic error of the instrument is less than 0.1 pm. According to the experimental results, this method meets the needs of quantitative accurate measuring tropospheric OH radical by FAGE.

[Quality Optimization Method for Ambient CO(2) Inversion of High Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum].

CO(2) retrievals with high quality facilitate resolving the sources and sinks of CO(2) are helpful in predicting the trend in climate change and understanding the global carbon cycle. Based on a nonlinear least squares spectral fitting algorithm, we investigate the optimization method for CO2 products derived from ground-based high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectra. The CO(2) vertical column densities (VCDs) are converted into column-averaged dry air mole fraction XCO(2) by using the fitted O(2) VCDs, and thus the system errors (e. g. pointing errors, ILS errors, zero-level offset) are corrected greatly. The virtual daily variation which is related to air mass factor is corrected with an empirical model. The spectra screening rule proposed in this paper can greatly improve the XCO2 quality. The CO(2) retrievals before and after the optimized method are compared using a typical CO(2) daily time series. After using the optimized method, the fitting error is reduced by 60%, and the two-hours-averaged precision is ~0.071% (equals to ~0.28 ppm), which is perfectly in line with the TCCON (the total carbon column observing network) threshold, i. e., less than 0.1%.

Knockdown of RNF2 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in prostate cancer cells through the upregulation of TXNIP.

RNF2, also known as RING1b or RING2, is identified as the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), which mediates the mono-ubiquitination of histone H2A. RNF2 has been proved to have oncogenic function in many kinds of cancers, but the function of RNF2 in prostate cancer (PCa) has not been evaluated. Here we show that PCa tissues showed higher RNF2 expression than the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues. Knockdown of RNF2 in PCa cells resulted in cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, and the growth of RNF2 knockdown PCa xenografts were obviously inhibited in nude mice. Gene microarray analysis was performed and tumor suppressor gene TXNIP was found to be significantly increased in RNF2 knockdown cells. Simultaneously knockdown of RNF2 and TXNIP can partially rescue the arrested cell cycle, increased apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation in RNF2 single knockdown cells. Furthermore, ChIP assay result showed that RNF2 enriched at the TXNIP promoter, and the enrichment of RNF2 and ubiquitination of H2A in TXNIP promoter was obviously inhibited in RNF2 knockdown cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RNF2 functions as an oncogene in PCa and RNF2 may regulate the progression of PCa through the inhibition of TXNIP.

A novel anti-PSMA human scFv has the potential to be used as a diagnostic tool in prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer related death in men. The early diagnosis and treatment of PCa are still challenging due to the lack of efficient tumor targeting agents in traditional managements. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is highly expressed in PCa, while only has limited expression in other organs, providing an ideal target for the diagnosis and therapy of PCa. The antibody library technique has opened the avenue for the discovery of novel antibodies to be used in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. In this paper, by screening a large yeast display naive human single chain antibody fragment (scFv) library, we obtained a high affinity scFv targeting PSMA, called gy1. The gy1 scFv was expressed in E.coli and purified via a C terminal 6His tag. The binding affinity of gy1 was shown to be at the nanomolar level and gy1 can specifically bind with PSMA positive cancer cells, and binding triggers its rapid internalization through the endosome-lysosome pathway. The specific targeting of gy1 to PSMA positive tumor tissues was also evaluated in vivo. We showed that the IRDye800CW labeled gy1 can efficiently target and specifically distribute in PSMA positive tumor tissues after being injected into xenograft nude mice. This study indicated that the novel antibody gy1 could be used as a great tool for the development of PSMA targeted imaging and therapy agents for PCa.

[An Incoherent Broadband Optical Cavity Spectroscopy for Measuring Weak Absorption Cross Section of Sulfur Dioxide].

As a highly sensitive detection technology, incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) have successfully measured a variety of trace gases. According to the principle of cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy, if the accurate concentration of the target gas, the curve of the mirror reflectance, effective absorption path length, the light intensity of the absorbing gas and non-absorbing gas are known, the absorption cross section of the absorption gas can be measured. The accurate measurements of absorption cross section are necessary for satellite retrievals of atmospheric trace gases and the atmospheric research. This paper describes an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy(IBBCEAS) instrument with 365 nm LED as the light source for measuring absorption cross section of SO2 from 357 to 385 nm which is arising from the spin-forbidden a ³B1--X¹A1 transition. In comparison to the literature absorption cross section of SO2, and correlation coefficient r is 0.997 3. The result shows the potential of the IBBCEAS system for measuring weak absorption cross section.

[The Detection of Atmospheric HONO and NO2 with Fiber Coupling Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy System].

A new type of fiber coupling Long-Path Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy System(LP-DOAS) based on schmidt - cassegrain telescope was introduced in detail in this paper and it was applied to the accurate measurement of the actual atmospheric HONO and NO2. This measuring system simplified the structure of traditional LP-DOAS system, combining with the design of optical fiber coupling.It made full use of the telescope primary mirror's effective area. The effects of the offset, dark current and telescope stray light to the new LP-DOAS system were discussed in this paper; On a clear day, the ratio between telescope stray light and the optical intensities was less than 1%. To verify the accurate of the new LP-DOAS system, the atmospheric NO2 were simultaneously measured with the new LP-DOAS system and traditional LP-DOAS system. The correlation coefficient R2 was up to 0.968. The observation of atmospheric HONO was carried out by using the fiber coupling LP-DOAS in Gucheng, Hebei Province, China, and the detection limit (2σ) of HONO and NO2 was 84.2 and 144.6 ppt , respectively, with 2 490 m path length and the average time resolution of about 30 s. In the whole measurement in Gucheng, the maximum of HONO and NO2 were 3.2 and 37.8 ppb, respectively, and the minimum were both under the detection limits; the ratio of HONO/NO2 at night was calculated.

[Cruise Observation of SO2, NO2 and Benzene with Mobile Portable DOAS in the Industrial Park].

The self-developed portable DOAS instrument based on differential optical absorption spectroscopy(DOAS) and composed of optical fiber spectrograph and multiple-pass cell was introduced. The standard gases of SO2 and NO2 were employed to test the accuracy and stability of the system, and then cruise observation of SO2, NO2 and benzene was carried out using the system in Tongling industrial park. During the entire period, the polluted gases showed high concentrations near the contaminated areas and the maximum concentrations of SO2, NO2 and benzene were 5 023.2, 2 195.2 and 162.5 µg·m-3, respectively. With 12.6 m optical path, the detection limits of SO2, NO2 and benzene were 67.0, 169.9, 30.6 µg·m-3, respectively. The portable DOAS system provides a convenient and effective technique for industrial park about emergency and supervisory monitoring and evaluation of gas leakage and fugitive emissions of gaseous pollutants.