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Ghrelin exerts widespread effects in several diseases, but its role and mechanism in Acute Traumatic Coagulopathy (ATC) are largely unknown. The effect of ghrelin on cell proliferation was examined using three assays: 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and flow cytometry. The barrier function of the endothelial cells was evaluated using the Trans-Endothelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) and the endothelial permeability assay. An ATC mouse model was established to evaluate the in vivo effects of ghrelin. The Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) overexpression plasmid or adenovirus was used to examine the molecular mechanism of ghrelin. Ghrelin enhanced Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) proliferation and endothelial cell barrier function and inhibited HUVEC permeability damage in vitro. Additionally, ghrelin decreased the activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) and Prothrombin Time (PT) in mice blood samples in the ATC mouse model. Ghrelin also improved the pathological alterations in postcava. Mechanistically, ghrelin acts through the RhoA/ Rho-associated Coiled-coil Containing Kinases (ROCK)/ Myosin Light Chain 2 (MLC2) pathway. Furthermore, the protective effects of ghrelin, both in vitro and in vivo, were reversed by RhoA overexpression. Our findings demonstrate that ghrelin may reduce vascular endothelial cell damage and endothelial barrier dysfunction by blocking the RhoA pathway, suggesting that ghrelin may serve as a potential therapeutic target for ATC treatment.
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Visible light is a universal and user-friendly excitation source; however, its use to generate persistent luminescence (PersL) in materials remains a huge challenge. Herein, the concept of intermolecular charge transfer (xCT) is applied in typical host-guest molecular systems, which allows for a much lower energy requirement for charge separation, thus enabling efficient charging of near-infrared (NIR) PersL in organics by visible light (425-700 nm). Importantly, NIR PersL in organics occurs via the trapping of electrons from charge-transfer aggregates (CTAs) into constructed trap states with trap depths of 0.63-1.17 eV, followed by the detrapping of these electrons by thermal stimulation, resulting in a unique light-storage effect and long-lasting emission up to 4.6 h at room temperature. The xCT absorption range is modulated by changing the electron-donating ability of a series of acenaphtho[1,2-b]pyrazine-8,9-dicarbonitrile-based CTAs, and the organic PersL is tuned from 681 to 722 nm. This study on xCT interaction-induced NIR PersL in organic materials provides a major step forward in understanding the underlying luminescence mechanism of organic semiconductors and these findings are expected to promote their applications in optoelectronics, energy storage, and medical diagnosis.
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Low-dimensional (LD) organic metal halides (OMHs) have a bright future due to their excellent photoelectric characteristics and unique structure. However, the synthesis and emission control of LD-OMHs are still unclear. Herein, the different dimensional (zero-dimensional (0D), one-dimensional (1D), and three-dimensional (3D)) of OMHs were obtained by the reaction of 1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane with PbBr2 in different stoichiometric ratios. This discovery shows that the structure and properties of OMHs can be regulated while maintaining the functional organic cations of OMHs, which broadens the path for the development of functional LD-OMHs. Among them, 0D-OMH 1 and 1D-OMH 3 have narrow-band (full width at half-maximum (fwhm) = 74 nm) and broad-band (fwhm = 201 nm) emission, respectively. We found that when organic cations have no contribution to the formation of conduction band minimum and valence band maximum, and the distances between polyhedrons are larger than the van der Waals diameter of the halogen atom, the effect of phonons on exciton transitions can be reduced to achieve a narrow-band emission. Further, Cu(I)- and Mn (II)-based 0D-OMHs were synthesized, which have high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) (33.97 and 47.33%, respectively). When the emitting of 0D-OMHs produced by the interaction of the metal-center and halogens, the asymmetric planar metal-halogen structure will result in a higher PLQY.
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Mechanoluminescence (ML) sensing technologies open up new opportunities for intelligent sensors, self-powered displays and wearable devices. However, the emission efficiency of ML materials reported so far still fails to meet the growing application requirements due to the insufficiently understood mechano-to-photon conversion mechanism. Herein, we propose to quantify the ability of different phases to gain or lose electrons under friction (defined as triboelectric series), and reveal that the inorganic-organic interfacial triboelectricity is a key factor in determining the ML in inorganic-organic composites. A positive correlation between the difference in triboelectric series and the ML intensity is established in a series of composites, and a 20-fold increase in ML intensity is finally obtained by selecting an appropriate inorganic-organic combination. The interfacial triboelectricity-regulated ML is further demonstrated in multi-interface systems that include an inorganic phosphor-organic matrix and organic matrix-force applicator interfaces, and again confirmed by self-oxidization and reduction of emission centers under continuous mechanical stimulus. This work not only gives direct experimental evidences for the underlying mechanism of ML, but also provides guidelines for rationally designing high-efficiency ML materials.
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The detriments of intrinsic silanol groups in mesoporous silica to the photoluminescence (PL) of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) confined in the template have never been determined and clearly elucidated. Here, we disclose that silanol-induced Cs+ and Br- deficiencies prompt the generation of traps and CsPb2Br5 impurities. The temperature-dependent PL spectra verify the higher energetic barrier of trap states in CsPbBr3 NCs confined in silanol-rich mesoporous silica. Femtosecond transient absorption spectra reveal the trapped state mediates a broadband photoinduced absorption and long-lived decay pathway of CsPbBr3 NCs in silanol-rich templates. A remarkable improvement (up to 160-fold) in PL quantum yields is realized by simple silanol elimination. This work demonstrates the detrimental effects of silanol sites on the PL properties of LHP NCs impregnated in mesoporous silica and provides a new perspective for the ligand-free synthesis of high-quality LHP NCs in mesoporous templates by facile impregnation for practical applications.
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Water-soluble quantum dots (QDs) are necessary to prepare patterned pixels or films for high-resolution displays with less environmental burden but are very limited by the trade-off between photoluminescence and stability of QDs. In this work, we proposed synthesizing water-soluble QDs with simultaneous excellent luminescence properties and high stability by coating the amphiphilic poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene)-ethanol amine (PMAO-EA) polymer on the surface of silane-treated QDs. These coated QDs show a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as high as 94%, and they have good photoluminescence stability against light irradiation and thermal attacks, owing to the suppression of the nonradiative recombination by the polymer layer and the isolation of oxygen and water by the silica layer. The water-soluble QDs, mixed with ethylene glycol, enable inkjet printing of QD color conversion films (QD-CCFs) with an average diameter of 68 µm for each pixel and a high PLQY of 91%. The QD-CCFs are demonstrated to fabricate red-emitting mini-LEDs by combining with blue mini-LED chips, which have an external quantum efficiency as high as 25.86% and a luminance of 2.44 × 107 cd/m2. We believe that the proposed strategy is applicable to other water-soluble QDs and paves an avenue for inkjet printing environmentally friendly QD-CCFs for mini/micro-LED displays.
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BACKGROUND: Opa-interacting protein 5 antisense transcript 1 (OIP5-AS1) has been demonstrated to play vital roles in development and progression of tumors such as gastric cancer (GC). However, the detailed molecular mechanism of OIP5-AS1 has not been completely elucidated. Our study aimed to investigate the role and the epigenetic regulation mechanism of OIP5-AS1 in GC. METHODS: OIP5-AS1 expression in GC tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the biological function of OIP5-AS1 in vitro and in vivo. The interaction of OIP5-AS1 with insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3) or heterogeneous nuclear nucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1) was verified by bioinformatics analysis, RNA pull-down assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. RESULTS: In this study, we identified that OIP5-AS1 is specifically overexpressed in GC tumor tissues and cell lines and correlated with a poor prognosis. The loss of OIP5-AS1 suppressed the proliferation, migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and glycolysis of GC cells, but the ectopic expression of OIP5-AS1 had the opposite impact. Meanwhile, knockdown of OIP5-AS1 inhibited tumor growth in patient-derived xenograft models, as well as repressed tumor metastasis. Mechanistically, IGF2BP3 could bind to OIP5-AS1 by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification sites on OIP5-AS1, thereby stabilizing OIP5-AS1. Moreover, OIP5-AS1 prevented Trim21-mediated ubiquitination and degradation of hnRNPA1, stabilizing hnRNPA1 protein and promoting the malignant progression of GC by regulating PKM2 signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this study highlighted that OIP5-AS1 is an oncogenic m6A-modified long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in GC and that IGF2BP3/OIP5-AS1/hnRNPA1 axis may provide a potential diagnostic or prognostic target for GC.
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MicroRNAs , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/genética , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/genética , Epigênese Genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Glicólise , MicroRNAs/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/genéticaRESUMO
Gene therapy (GT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) have emerged as promising alternatives to chemotherapy and radiotherapy for cancer treatment, offering noninvasiveness and reduced side effects. However, their efficacy as standalone treatments is limited. GT exhibits slow response rates, while PTT is confined to local tumor ablation. The convergence of GT and PTT, known as GT-PTT, facilitated by photothermal gene nanocarriers, has attracted considerable attention across various disciplines. In this integrated approach, GT reciprocates PTT by sensitizing cellular response to heat, while PTT benefits GT by improving gene translocation, unpacking, and expression. Consequently, this integration presents a unique opportunity for cancer therapy with rapid response and improved effectiveness. Extensive efforts over the past few years have been dedicated to the development of GT-PTT, resulting in notable achievements and rapid progress from the laboratory to potential clinical applications. This comprehensive review outlines recent advances in GT-PTT, including synergistic mechanisms, material systems, imaging-guided therapy, and anticancer applications. It also explores the challenges and future prospects in this nascent field. By presenting innovative ideas and insights into the implementation of GT-PTT for enhanced cancer therapy, this review aims to inspire further progress in this promising area of research.
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Hipertermia Induzida , Nanopartículas , Neoplasias , Humanos , Terapia Fototérmica , Fototerapia/métodos , Terapia Combinada , Temperatura Alta , Hipertermia Induzida/métodos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Correction for 'A super-high brightness and excellent colour quality laser-driven white light source enables miniaturized endoscopy' by Shuxing Li et al., Mater. Horiz., 2023, 10, 4581-4588, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3MH01170D.
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With increasing ecological and environmental concerns, tin (Sn)-based perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are competitive candidates for future displays because of their environmental friendliness, excellent photoelectric properties, and low-cost solution-processed fabrication. Nonetheless, their electroluminescence (EL) performance still lags behind that of lead (Pb)-based PeLEDs due to the fast crystallization rate of Sn-based perovskite films and undesired oxidation from Sn2+ to Sn4+ , leading to poor film morphology and coverage, as well as high density defects. Here, we propose a ligand engineering strategy to construct high-quality phenethylammonium tin iodide (PEA2 SnI4 ) perovskite films by using L-glutathione reduced (GSH) as surface ligands toward efficient pure red PEA2 SnI4 -based PeLEDs. We show that the hydrogen-bond and coordinate interactions between GSH and PEA2 SnI4 effectively reduce the crystallization rate of the perovskites and suppress the oxidation of Sn2+ and formation of defects. The improved pure red perovskite films not only show excellent uniformity, density, and coverage but also exhibit enhanced optical properties and stability. Finally, state-of-the-art pure red PeLEDs achieve a record external quantum efficiency of 9.32 % in the field of PEA2 SnI4 -based devices. This work demonstrates that ligand engineering represents a feasible route to enhance the EL performance of Sn-based PeLEDs.
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A laser-driven white light source promises intrinsic advantages for miniaturized endoscopic illumination. However, it remains a great challenge to simultaneously achieve high brightness and excellent colour rendition due to the shortage of highly efficient and thermally robust red-emitting laser phosphor converters. Here, we designed CaAlSiN3:Eu@Al (CASN@Al) converters with neglectable efficiency loss by tightly bonding all-inorganic phosphor films on an aluminium substrate. A layer-by-layer phosphor converter (LuAG/CASN@Al), i.e., stacking a green-emitting Lu3Al5O12:Ce (LuAG) layer on CASN@Al, was constructed to enhance light conversion efficiency and reduce reabsorption loss under blue laser excitation, which thus produces an excellent white light source with a luminous efficacy of 258 lm W-1 and a colour rendering index of 91. A miniaturized endoscopy with a coupling efficiency twice that of the commercial white LEDs was demonstrated by using the laser-driven white light and showed a central illuminance as high as 52 730 lx, more vivid images and long-term reliability.
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Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been the star material in lighting and displays owing to their excellent photoelectrical properties, but they have not simultaneously realized high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high stability. To solve this problem, we propose a perovskite/linear low-density polyethylene (perovskite/LLDPE) core/shell NC by the synergistic role of the pressure effect and steric effect. Green CsPbBr3/LLDPE core/shell NCs with near-unity PLQY and nonblinking behavior were synthesized through an in situ hot-injection process. The mechanism of the improved photoluminescence (PL) properties is the enhanced pressure effect resulting in increased radiative recombination and interaction between the ligand and perovskite crystals, as confirmed by the PL spectra and finite element calculations. Meanwhile, the NCs show high stability under ambient conditions (with a PLQY of 92.5% after 166 days) and against 365 nm UV light (maintaining 61.74% of the initial PL intensity after continuous radiation for 1000 min). This strategy also works well in the blue and red perovskite/LLDPE NCs and red InP/ZnSeS/ZnS/LLDPE NCs. Finally, white-emitting Mini-LEDs were fabricated by combining the green CsPbBr3/LLDPE and red CsPbBr1.2I1.8/LLDPE core/shell NCs with blue Mini-LED chips. The white-emitting Mini-LEDs exhibit super wide color gamut (â¼129% of the National Television Standards Committee or 97% of the Rec. 2020 standards).
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Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are strong candidates for next-generation display and lighting technologies due to their high color purity and low-cost solution-processed fabrication. However, PeLEDs are not superior to commercial organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) in efficiency, as some key parameters affecting their efficiency, such as the charge carrier transport and light outcoupling efficiency, are usually overlooked and not well optimized. Here, ultrahigh-efficiency green PeLEDs are reported with quantum efficiencies surpassing a milestone of 30% by regulating the charge carrier transport and near-field light distribution to reduce electron leakage and achieve a high light outcoupling efficiency of 41.82%. Ni0.9 Mg0.1 Ox films are applied with a high refractive index and increased hole carrier mobility as the hole injection layer to balance the charge carrier injection and insert the polyethylene glycol layer between the hole transport layer and the perovskite emissive layer to block the electron leakage and reduce the photon loss. Therefore, with the modified structure, the state-of-the-art green PeLEDs achieve a world record external quantum efficiency of 30.84% (average = 29.05 ± 0.77%) at a luminance of 6514 cd m-2 . This study provides an interesting idea to construct super high-efficiency PeLEDs by balancing the electron-hole recombination and enhancing the light outcoupling.
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Herein, we report a new X-type ligand, i.e., organic sulfonium bromide, for high-efficiency CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 (MA=methylammonium) perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). We first confirmed the facile synthesis of the titled ligands in N,N-dimethylformamide at room temperature. By reacting dodecylmethylsulfide with allyl bromide, (3-bromopropyl)trimethoxysilane, and 1,4-dibromobutane, respectively, three representative ligands (named DAM, DSM, and DMM) are acquired. All of them result in CsPbBr3 and MAPbBr3 PNCs with near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and decent ambient stability (no less than 90 % PLQY after 2â months) using a room-temperature ligand-assisted reprecipitation technique. Among them, DSM and DMM endow CsPbBr3 PNCs with higher thermal/light stability arising from the cross-linkable or bidentate ligand structure. Further, DSM-CsPbBr3 PNCs can be incorporated into polystyrene through in situ thermal polymerization and the composite shows a record-high PLQY of 93.8 %.
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Proportionally converting the applied mechanical energy into photons by individual mechanoluminescent (ML) micrometer-sized particles opens a new way to develop intelligent electronic skins as it promises high-resolution stress distribution visualization and fast response. However, a big challenge for ML sensing technology is its low sensitivity in detecting stress. In this work, a novel stress distribution sensor with the detection sensitivity enhanced by two orders of magnitude is developed by combining a proposed near-distance ML imaging scheme with an improved mechano-to-photon convertor. The enhanced sensitivity is the main contributor to the realization of a maximum photon harvesting rate of ≈80% in the near-distance ML imaging scheme. The developed near-distance ML sensor shows a high sensitivity with a detection limit down to ≈kPa level, high spatial resolution of 254 dpi, and fast response with an interval of 3.3 ms, which allows for high-resolution and real-time visualization of complex mechanical actions such as irregular solid contacts or fluid impacts, and thus enables use in intelligent electronic skin, structural health monitoring, and human-computer interaction.
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Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Humanos , FótonsRESUMO
The discovery of X-ray-charged persistent luminescence (PersL) in fluoride nanoparticles enables these materials to emit photons without real-time excitation, which provides a great possibility for the development of new luminescent nanotechnologies. In this work, we developed NaLuF4:Mn nanoparticles with intense green PersL and functionalized surfaces and accordingly achieved time-gated imaging of latent fingerprints (LFPs) with Level 3 details. These surface-modified NaLuF4:Mn nanoparticles exhibited near-spherical morphology, long-lasting emission for several hours, appropriate trap depth distribution, and tight chemical bonding with amino acids from fingerprints, thus greatly improving the accuracy of LFP imaging in a variety of environments. The developed NaLuF4:Mn PersL nanoparticles are expected to find broad applications in the fields of LFP imaging and in vivo biological imaging.
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Luminescência , Nanopartículas , Fluoretos , FótonsRESUMO
The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) forebrain embryonic zinc finger protein 1 antisense RNA1 (FEZF1-AS1) was recently identified as an oncogenic gene in several types of tumors. The biological function of FEZF1-AS1 in rectal cancer progression, however, remains unknown. In the present study, we discover that FEZF1-AS1 is significantly upregulated in rectal cancer tissues and cells. Knocking down of FEZF1-AS1 suppresses cell proliferation, migration, and invasion , and tumorigenesis . Furthermore, FEZF1-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-632, resulting in the suppression of family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A). Overall, our findings reveal that FEZF1-AS1/miR-632/FAM83A axis plays an oncogenic role in rectal cancer progression, suggesting that it may be a novel therapeutic target for rectal cancer.
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MicroRNAs , Proteínas de Neoplasias , RNA Longo não Codificante , Neoplasias Retais , Carcinogênese/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Movimento Celular/genética , Proliferação de Células/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , RNA Longo não Codificante/genética , Neoplasias Retais/genéticaRESUMO
The first carbon dot (CD)-based organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) system exhibiting more than 1 h of duration was developed. In contrast to the established OLPL systems, herein, the reported CDs-based system (named m-CDs@CA) can be facilely and effectively fabricated using a household microwave oven, and more impressively, its LPL can be observed under ambient conditions and even in aqueous media. XRD and TEM characterizations, afterglow decay, time-resolved spectroscopy, and ESR analysis were performed, showing the successful composition of CDs and CA, the formation of exciplexes and long-lived charged-separated states. Further studies suggest that the production of covalent bonds between CA and CDs plays pivotal roles in activating LPL and preventing its quenching from oxygen and water. To the best of our knowledge, this is a very rare example of an OLPL system that exhibits hour-level afterglow under ambient conditions. Finally, applications of m-CDs@CA in glow-in-the-dark paints for emergency signs and multicolored luminous pearls were preliminarily demonstrated. This work may provide new insights for the development of rare-earth-free and robust OLPL materials.
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Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are promising candidates used for superthin emissive displays with high resolution, high brightness, and wide color gamut, but the CsPbI3 nanocrystal (NC) based ones usually have an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of less than 20%, which needs further enhancement to minimize the gap between their counterparts. Herein, we propose to improve optical properties of the CsPbI3:Sr emissive layer (EML) by inserting an additional potassium iodide (KI) passivation layer between the hole transport layer and EML to increase the film quality, photoluminescence quantum yield, and thermal stability of the EML. The KI layer can also increase the carrier mobility to balance the charge injection in PeLEDs, leading to a reduction in Auger recombination and Joule heating. An interesting deep-red-emitting PeLED (λem = 687 nm) with a record EQE of 21.8% and a lifetime T50 of 69 min is obtained by applying the additional KI passivation layer. Moreover, a flexible PeLED consisting of the KI layer is also demonstrated to have a record EQE of 12.7%. These results indicate that the use of a functional KI layer is a feasible way to develop high-performance electroluminescent devices.
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We designed and synthesized a new class of six phosphorescent [3 + 2 + 1] iridium(III) complexes [(pbib)Ir(C^C)CN] bearing a tridentate 1,3-bis(1-butylimidazolin-2-ylidene) phenyl N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-based pincer ligand (pbib), bidentate imidazole-based NHC ligands (C^C), and a monodentate cyano group and investigated their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal stabilities and electroluminescent properties. The extended π-conjugation of the imidazole-based C^C ligand is found to be the key to fine-tune the emission energies from ultraviolet blue (λ = 378 nm) to saturated blue (λ = 482 nm), as shown by electrochemical and photophysical studies, which is also revealed by the density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations. Vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting diode devices have been fabricated with these newly synthesized emitters and exhibited the best external quantum efficiency of 6.4% and Commission International de L'Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.163, 0.096), where the CIE y is very similar to the National Television System Committee standard blue CIE (x, y) coordinates of (0.149, 0.085). These results indicate that the novel [3 + 2 + 1] coordinated iridium(III) complexes [(pbib)Ir(C^C)CN], having a saturated blue emission, not only could alleviate the photodegradation of the emitters when compared to [(pbib)Ir(pmi)CN] but also provide new design strategies of saturated-blue-emitting iridium(III) complexes.