Anti-cell Proliferative Mechanism of Doxazosin on Human Oral Cancer Cells Through the Modulation of Antioxidant and Apoptotic Pathway.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a global threatening disease, is reported mostly in the middle and elderly male population. Even though the exact cause of OSCC was not known, consumption of tobacco in any form has been reported in most of OSCC patients. OSCC is a massive invasive type of cancer which easily spreads to the distant organs. Hence treating it at appropriate time is necessary and the rate of OSCC incidence is also constantly increasing. At present, chemoradiation is the only therapy prescribed for OSCC patients which renders various side effects. Hence, the treatment with lesser side effect was of current research interest. Doxazosin (α1 adrenorecptor antagonist) had been proven to render anticancer effect in prostate, renal, hepatic, and ovarian cancers but its role in oral cancer cells was not been elucidated. Therefore, we have assessed the anticancer effect of doxazosin on oral squamous cancer cells via through the induction of apoptosis, and antioxidant property. The cytoprotective effect of doxazosin on normal Vero cells and anticancer effect on oral cancer KB cells were analyzed with MTT assay. Doxazosin antioxidant activity were analyzed by their reactivity with free radicals and metal ions by the method of FRAP, DPPH, chemilumiscence, and ORAC assay. The antioxidant levels were also assessed by TBARS, SOD, and glutathione levels, and later on apoptosis staining techniques like DCFH-DA, Rhodamine 123, and AO/EtBr stain were conducted. Apoptosis was confirmed by estimating the levels of apoptotic proteins in doxazosin-treated KB human oral cancer cells by ELISA method. The results from our study show that doxazosin is a potent antioxidant and it significantly induces apoptosis in human oral cancer by altering various cellular molecules at downstream signaling which has been depict in the results. Our study proves doxazosin as a potent anticancer drug which may be used in the treatment of oral carcinoma, if it is subjected to further research using human clinical trials.

Retraction notice to "Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human oral squamous carcinoma cells by down-regulating miR-221" [Eur. J. Pharmacol. 853 (2019) 353-363].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments regarding this article https://pubpeer.com/publications/917A4D8593F06C8E5ADC7AA0A30136, particularly regarding the background of the Western Blots from Figure 2B, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of interleukin-21 regulates the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in vitro.

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is an important cytokine that is currently being investigated for its potential use in tumor immunotherapy in the future. In tumor cells, IL-21 stimulates the immune response by increasing the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells, B cells and CD8+ T cells, which in turn induces the apoptosis of tumor cells. The therapeutic effects of IL-21 have been investigated in several types of disease and numerous clinical trials are in progress. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of IL-21 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in vitro. IL-21 expression was detected in OSCC tissues via RT-qPCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry analyses. The results demonstrated that IL-21 protein expression decreased in OSCC tissues. IL-21 was overexpressed using adenovirus in CAL-27 cells. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay demonstrated that overexpression of IL-21 inhibited cell proliferation. Furthermore, overexpression of IL-21 inhibited cell migration, detected by the wound healing assay, and promoted cell apoptosis, detected by TUNEL staining and flow cytometry analysis. The results demonstrated that overexpression of IL-21 inhibited activation of the JNK signaling pathway. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that IL-21 may function as a potent antitumor agent in OSCC.

RETRACTED: Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human oral squamous carcinoma cells by down-regulating miR-221.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments regarding this article https://pubpeer.com/publications/917A4D8593F06C8E5ADC7AA0A30136, particularly regarding the background of the Western Blots from Figure 2B, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.

[Effect of bioactive glass filling defective alveolar bone on tooth movement].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the movement of rat's tooth in the area of defective alveolar bone filled with bioglass in comparison with contralateral tooth. METHODS: Forty female Wistar rats were selected. Defects in alveolar bones were created and filled with bioglass. Orthodontic appliances were fixed to mesially guide the maxillary first molars. RESULTS: The rats' teeth were mesially moved in the area filled with bioglass. There were no significant differences between two sides in movement distance of the first molars and in thickness of periodontal tissues with paired t-test (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rat's tooth can be mesially moved in the area filled with bioglass.

[The effects of recombinant human growth hormone on mandibular bone loss with or without teeth in the ovariectomized rats].

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of recombinant human growth hormone(rh-GH )on mandibular bone loss with or without teeth in the ovariectomized rats. METHODS: Three-month aged ovariectomized rats were utilized as postmenopausal osteoporosis models and all the molars in left mandibles were extracted. After operations, the rats began to receive rh-GH 1 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) with subcutaneous injection for ten days. Weight of the rats ,mineral density of the mandibular bone and 3 other parameters were measured at 8th week and 12th week. The data was analyzed with F and t test. RESULTS: The weight of the rats increased and mandibular bone mineral density of the rats were significantly improved after rh-GH treatment, P<0.05. CONCLUSION: Rh-GH can increase the weight of the old rats and restore mandibular bone mass in mandibles with or without teeth.