Synergistic manipulation of sulfur vacancies and palladium doping of In2S3 for enhanced photocatalytic H2 production.

In this study, a simple one-pot synthesis process is employed to introduce Pd dopant and abundant S vacancies into In2S3 nanosheets. The optimized Pd-doped In2S3 photocatalyst, with abundant S vacancies, demonstrates a significant enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The joint modification of Pd doping and rich S vacancies on the band structure of In2S3 result in an improvement in both the light absorption capacity and proton reduction ability. It is worth noting that photogenerated electrons enriched by S vacancies can rapidly migrate to adjacent Pd atoms through an efficient transfer path constructed by Pd-S bond, effectively suppressing the charge recombination. Consequently, the dual-defective In2S3 shows an efficient photocatalytic H2 production rate of 58.4 ± 2.0 µmol·h-1. Additionally, further work has been conducted on other ternary metal sulfide, ZnIn2S4. Our findings provide a new insight into the development of highly efficient photocatalysts through synergistic defect engineering.

Heteropoly blue-modified ultrathin bismuth oxychloride nanosheets with oxygen vacancies for efficient photocatalytic nitrogen fixation in pure water.

Photocatalytic nitrogen reduction is a promising green technology for ammonia synthesis under mild conditions. However, the poor charge transfer efficiency and weak N2 adsorption/activation capability severely hamper the ammonia production efficiency. In this work, heteropoly blue (r-PW12) nanoparticles are loaded on the surface of ultrathin bismuth oxychloride nanosheets with oxygen vacancies (BiOCl-OVs) by electrostatic self-assembly method, and a series of xr-PW12/BiOCl-OVs heterojunction composites have been prepared. Acting as a robust support, ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) structure of BiOCl-OVs inhibits the aggregation of r-PW12 nanoparticles, enhancing the interfacial contact between r-PW12 and BiOCl. More importantly, the existence of oxygen vacancies (OVs) provides abundant active sites for efficient N2 adsorption and activation. In combination of the enhanced light absorption and promoted photogenerated carriers separation of xr-PW12/BiOCl-OVs heterojunction, under simulated solar light, the optimal 7r-PW12/BiOCl-OVs exhibits an excellent photocatalytic N2 fixation rate of 33.53 µmol g-1h-1 in pure water, without the need of sacrificial agents and co-catalysts. The reaction dynamics is also monitored by in situ FT-IR spectroscopy, and an associative distal pathway is identified. Our study demonstrates that construction of heteropoly blues-based heterojunction is a promising strategy for developing high-performance N2 reduction photocatalysts. It is anticipated that combining of different defects with heteropoly blues of different structures might provide more possibilities for designing highly efficient photocatalysis systems.

Comparison of different iterative reconstruction algorithms with contrast-enhancement boost technique on the image quality of CT pulmonary angiography for obese patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of the contrast-enhancement-boost (CE-boost) postprocessing technique on improving the image quality of obese patients in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) compared to hybrid iterative reconstruction (HIR) and model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) algorithms. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted on 100 patients who underwent CTPA for suspected pulmonary embolism. Non-obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) under 25 were designated as group 1, while obese patients (group 2) had a BMI exceeding 25. The CE-boost images were generated by subtracting non-contrast HIR images from contrast-enhanced HIR images to improve the visibility of pulmonary arteries further. The CT value, image noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were quantitatively assessed. Two chest radiologists independently reviewed the CT images (5, best; 1, worst) across three subjective characteristics including diagnostic confidence, subjective image noise, and vascular contrast. The Friedman test and Dunn-Bonferroni correction were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The CE-boost had significantly higher CT values than HIR and MBIR in both groups (all p < 0.001). The MBIR yielded the lowest image noise compared with HIR and CE-boost (all p < 0.001). The SNR and CNR of main pulmonary artery (MPA) were significantly higher in CE-boost than in MBIR (all p < 0.05), with HIR showing the lowest values (all p < 0.001). Group 2 MBIR received significantly better subjective image noise scores, while the diagnostic confidence and vascular contrast scored highest with the group 2 CE-boost (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Compared to the HIR algorithm, both the CE-boost technique and the MBIR algorithm can improve the image quality of CTPA in obese patients. CE-boost had the greatest potential in increasing the visualization of pulmonary artery and its branches.

State transitions of coupled Gi-protein: Insights into internal water channel dynamics within dopamine receptor D3 from in silico submolecular analyses.

Dopamine is a crucial neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS) that facilitates communication among neurons. Activation of dopamine receptors in the CNS regulates key functions such as movement, cognition, and emotion. Disruption of these receptors can result in severe neurological diseases. Although recent research has elucidated the structure of D3R in complex with Gi-protein, revealing the binding and activation mechanisms, the precise conformational changes induced by G-protein activation and GDP/GTP exchange remain unclear. In this study, atomic-level long-term molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the dynamics of D3R in complex with different states of Gi-protein and ß-arrestin. Our simulations revealed distinct molecular switches within D3R and fluctuations in the distance between Ras and helical domains of G-protein across different G-protein-D3R states. Notably, the D3R-GTP-Gi state exhibited increased activity compared with the D3R-empty-Gi state. Additionally, analyses of potential of mean force (PMF) and free energy landscapes for various systems revealed the formation of a continuous water channel exclusively in the D3R-Gi-GTP state. Furthermore, allosteric communication pathways were proposed for active D3R bound to Gi-protein. This study offers insights into the activation mechanism when Gi-protein interacts with active D3R, potentially aiding in developing selective drugs targeting the dopaminergic system.

Histone deacetylases: potential therapeutic targets in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury.

Aim: Chemotherapy has been well shown to enhance life expectancy in patients with malignancy. However, conventional chemotherapy drugs, particularly cisplatin, are highly associated with nephrotoxicity, which limits therapeutic efficacy and impairs quality of life. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are proteases that play significant roles in diseases by influencing protein post-translational modification and gene expression. Agents that inhibit HDAC enzymes have been developed and approved by the FDA as anticancer drugs. It is worth noting that in certain preclinical studies with tumour cell lines, the integration of HDAC modulators and cisplatin not only exerts synergistic or additive tumour-killing effects but also alleviates cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of HDACs in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.Methods: After searching in PubMed and Web of Science databases using 'Histone deacetylase', 'nephrotoxicity', 'cisplatin', and 'onconpehrology' as keywords, studies related was compiled and examined.Results: HDAC inhibitors exert renal protective effects by inhibiting inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and promoting autophagy; whereas sirtuins play a renal protective role by regulating lipid metabolism, inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, and protecting mitochondrial biosynthesis and mitochondrial dynamics. These potential interactions provide clues concerning targets for molecular treatment.Conclusion: This review encapsulates the function and molecular mechanisms of HDACs in cisplatin nephrotoxicity, providing the current view by which HDACs induce different biological signaling in the regulation of chemotherapy-associated renal injury. More importantly, this review exhaustively elucidates that HDACs could be targeted to develop a new therapeutic strategy in treating cisplatin nephrotoxicity, which will extend the knowledge of the biological impact and clinical implications of HDACs.

Analysis of risk factors for postpartum depression after cesarean section in women with early-onset preeclampsia.

BACKGROUND: Early-onset preeclampsia significantly increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Many pregnant women with early onset preeclampsia choose cesarean section as their delivery method. Although extensive research has explored the association between postpartum depression (PPD) and cesarean section, few studies have investigated the risk factors after cesarean section in women with early-onset preeclampsia. AIM: To examine these risk factors through a retrospective, observational analysis of 287 women who underwent a cesarean section for early preeclampsia between June 2014 and March 2024. METHODS: Participants were assessed in person during the 32nd week of pregnancy, 2 days post-cesarean, and 6 weeks postpartum. According to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), participants who underwent cesarean section were divided into PPD (n = 60) and non-PPD groups (n = 227). Furthermore, PPD was diagnosed at 6 weeks postpartum according to depressive symptoms (EPDS score ≥ 11). The demographic and clinical features of PPD were screened. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify PPD risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPD was 20.9% (60/287) among the 287 women who underwent cesarean section for early-onset preeclampsia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that advanced age (age > 40 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.93, 95%CI: 1.31-2.82], previous preeclampsia (OR = 7.15, 95%CI: 5.81-8.85), pre-pregnancy obesity (OR = 2.42, 95%CI: 1.62-3.63), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 3.52, 95%CI: 2.51-4.92), preexisting hypertension (OR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.03-1.89), PPD symptoms (EPDS ≥ 11) at 2 days postpartum (OR = 6.15, 95%CI: 1.32-28.35), high prenatal self-rating anxiety scale score (OR = 1.13, 95%CI: 1.06-1.18), and pain at 6 weeks postpartum (OR = 2.16, 95%CI: 1.28-3.66) were independently associated with PPD. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for PPD after cesarean section in women with early-onset preeclampsia include advanced age (age > 40 years), pre-pregnancy obesity, previous preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, preexisting hypertension, PPD symptoms (EPDS ≥ 11) at 2 days postpartum, prenatal anxiety, and pain at 6 weeks postpartum. The early identification of these factors and interventions can mitigate the risk of PPD.

Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on cognitive function and hormone levels in early stroke patients with low thyroid hormone levels.

Background: This study aimed to observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on cognitive function and thyroid hormone levels in early older stroke patients with low thyroid hormone levels, and to investigate the correlation between the changes in thyroid hormone levels and the improvements in cognitive function after stroke. Methods: Forty older stroke patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited and randomized into a magnetic-stimulation group (rTMS group) and a sham-stimulation group (Sham group). The rTMS group received low-frequency true stimulation and the Sham group received low-frequency sham stimulation. Patients' cognitive scores, activity of daily living(ADL) scores, and their levels of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), thyroxin (T4), free thyroxine (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were assessed before the intervention, after the 4-week intervention, and after an additional 4 weeks of follow-up; Repeated measurement analysis of variance was used to compare the changes of each index in the two groups at different times and the correlations between patiens' cognitive function scores and their changing hormone levels were subsequently investigated. Results: Thirty-one patients were included in this study: 16 patients in rTMS group and 15 patients in the Sham group. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed that patients' T3,FT3 and TSH levels tended to increase at 4-week intervention and at the follow up (p < 0.05), and that the rTMS group had a better effect on improving T3 than the Sham group (Fgroup = 5.319, p = 0.028); The cognitive scale at different time points in both groups showed an upward trend (p < 0.05), and the MoCA, DSF, DSB scores in the rTMS group were statistically higher than those in the Sham group at the end of the 4-week intervention and at the follow-up (p < 0.05); The changes in the levels of T3 before and after 4-week intervention were positively correlated with the changes in the MoCA scores (r = 0.638, p < 0.05). And the difference in T3 level change was positively correlated with the difference in delayed recall, attention and naming score change (r = 0.562, p < 0.05; r = 0.562, p < 0.05; r = 0.531, p < 0.05); and the difference in FT3 level change was positively correlated with the visuospatial and executive function (r = 0.514, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improved cognitive function and elevated T3 levels in older patients with post-stroke cognitive dysfunction who had low thyroid hormone levels. Within the normal range, increases in T3 levels are positively correlated with changes in cognitive function.

HDL Levels as a Novel Predictor of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Heart Failure: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in heart failure (HF) outcomes is contentious. We aimed to assess HDL-C's prognostic value in HF patients. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study (2012-2022) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, we analyzed 4442 patients, categorized by HDL-C quartiles. We applied the Cox proportional hazards model to assess survival and report hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: Over a decade, we recorded 1354 fatalities (42.3%) and 820 readmissions. The third HDL-C quartile (0.93-1.14 mmol/L) showed the lowest mortality rates, with reduced risks in the second and third quartiles compared to the first (Q2 HR=0.809, 95% CI 0.590-1.109; Q3 HR=0.794, 95% CI 0.564-1.118). The fourth quartile presented a lower mortality risk compared to the first (Q4 HR=0.887, 95% CI 0.693-1.134). A significant correlation existed between HDL-C levels and cardiovascular risk (HR=0.85, 95% CI 0.75-0.96, p<0.01). Conclusion: HDL-C levels exhibit a complex association with mortality in HF, indicating the importance of HDL-C in HF prognosis and the need for tailored management strategies.

Advancements and Challenges in Personalized Therapy for BRAF-Mutant Melanoma: A Comprehensive Review.

Over the past several decades, advancements in the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma have led to the development of BRAF inhibitors, BRAF/MEK inhibitor combinations, anti-PD-1 therapy, and anti-CTLA4 therapy. Although these therapies have shown substantial efficacy in clinical trials, their sustained effectiveness is often challenged by the tumor microenvironment, which is a highly heterogeneous and complex milieu of immunosuppressive cells that affect tumor progression. The era of personalized medicine holds substantial promise for the tailoring of treatments to individual genetic profiles. However, tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion mechanisms contribute to the resistance to immunotherapy. Despite these challenges, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, as exemplified by lifileucel, has demonstrated notable efficacy against BRAF V600-mutant melanoma. Additionally, early response biomarkers, such as COX-2 and MMP2, along with FDG-PET imaging, offer the potential to improve personalized immunotherapy by predicting patient responses and determining the optimal treatment duration. Future efforts should focus on reducing the T-cell harvesting periods and costs associated with TIL therapy to enhance efficiency and accessibility.

Selection of engineered degradation method to remove microplastics from aquatic environments.

Microplastics (MPs) in the aquatic environment are difficult to degrade naturally due to their hydrophobicity and structure. A variety of engineered degradation methods were developed to treat MPs contamination in the aquatic environment. Current reviews of MPs degradation methods only provided an inventory but lacked systematic comparisons and application recommendations. However, selecting suitable degradation methods for different types of MPs contamination may be more effective. This work examined the present engineered degradation methods for MPs in the aquatic environment. They were categorized into chemical degradation, biodegradation, thermal degradation and photodegradation. These degradation methods were systematically summarized in terms of degradation efficiency, technical limitations and production of environmental hazards. Also, the potential influences of different environmental factors and media on degradation were analyzed, and the selection of degradation methods were suggested from the perspectives of contamination types and degradation mechanisms. Finally, the development trend and challenges for studying MPs engineered degradation were proposed. This work will contribute to a better selection of customized degradation methods for different types of MPs contamination scenarios in aquatic environments.

Double-chambered left ventricle misdiagnosed as ventricular septal defect.

A 35-year-old woman was initially misdiagnosed with a muscular ventricular septal defect but was later correctly diagnosed with a double-chambered left ventricle following evaluation by echocardiography and cardiac computed tomography.

[Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Ecosystem Services and Driving Factors in Northeast China].

Northeast China is an important ecological barrier in China, and an in-depth understanding of the spatial distribution in ecosystem services （ESs）, and the driving factors is crucial for realizing the subsequent management and protection of ESs. In the study, we quantitatively assessed the characteristics of spatial distribution in ESs in Northeastern China using the InVEST, RWEQ, and RUSLE models and identified the driving factors of ESs spatial distribution in conjunction with the geodetector based on meteorological data, remote sensing data, and socio-economic data. The results showed that the spatial distribution of ESs in Northeast China had obvious spatial heterogeneity. The high values of habitat quality （HQ）, carbon sequestration （CS） services, and soil conservation （SC） services were mainly distributed in the northern part of the four eastern leagues of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the northern part of Heilongjiang Province, and the eastern part of Northeast China, which were high in fraction vegetation cover, and low values were mainly found in southwestern and eastern Heilongjiang Province, western Jilin Province, and western Liaoning Province. The high values of the water yield （WY） service and wind prevention and sand fixation （WPSF） service were distributed in the east of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the east of Liaoning Province. The high values of WY services and WPSF services were distributed in the eastern part of Northeast China and the four eastern provinces of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. According to the geodetector results, slope had the strongest explanatory power for the spatial distribution of SC services with a q-value of 0.31, land use/cover change had the strongest explanatory power for the spatial distribution of HQ and CS services with q-values of 0.64 and 0.52, respectively, and fraction vegetation coverage and annual precipitation had the strongest explanatory power for the spatial distribution of WPSF and WY services with q-values of 0.24 and 0.64, respectively, and there were interactions among all the driving factors. The spatial distribution of ESs in Northeast China was mainly influenced by natural factors. The results will provide a scientific basis for subsequent management and enhancement of ESs in Northeast China.

Predictive value of CCTA-based pericoronary adipose tissue imaging for major adverse cardiovascular events.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of the radiomic characteristics of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT) as determined by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) to predict the likelihood of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) within the next five years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective casecontrol study, the case group consisted of 210 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who developed MACEs within five years, and the control group consisted of 210 CAD patients without MACEs who were matched with the case group patients according to baseline characteristics. Both groups were divided into training and testing cohorts at an 8:2 ratio. After data standardization and the exclusion of features with Pearson correlation coefficients of |r| ≥ 0.9, independent logistic regression models were constructed using selected radiomics features of the proximal PCAT of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery, left circumflex (LCX) artery, and right coronary artery (RCA) via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) techniques. An integrated PCAT radiomics model including all three coronary arteries was also developed. Five models, including individual PCAT radiomics models for the LAD artery, LCX artery, and RCA; an integrated radiomics model; and a fat attenuation index (FAI) model, were assessed for diagnostic accuracy via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curves. RESULTS: Compared with the FAI model (AUC=0.564 in training, 0.518 in testing), the integrated radiomics model demonstrated superior diagnostic performance (area under the curve [AUC]=0.923 in training, 0.871 in testing). The AUC values of the integrated model were greater than those of the individual coronary radiomics models, with all the models showing goodness of fit (P > 0.05). The decision curves indicated greater clinical utility of the radiomics models than the FAI model. CONCLUSION: PCAT radiomics models derived from CCTA data are highly valuable for predicting future MACE risk and significantly outperform the FAI model.

Comprehensive summary: the role of PBX1 in development and cancers.

PBX1 is a transcription factor that can promote the occurrence of various tumors and play a reg-ulatory role in tumor growth, metastasis, invasion, and drug resistance. Furthermore, a variant generated by fusion of E2A and PBX1, E2A-PBX1, has been found in 25% of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Thus, PBX1 is a potential therapeutic target for many cancers. Here, we describe the structure of PBX1 and E2A-PBX1 as well as the molecular mecha-nisms whereby these proteins promote tumorigenesis to provide future research directions for developing new treatments. We show that PBX1 and E2A-PBX1 induce the development of highly malignant and difficult-to-treat solid and blood tumors. The development of specific drugs against their targets may be a good therapeutic strategy for PBX1-related cancers. Furthermore, we strongly recommend E2A-PBX1 as one of the genes for prenatal screening to reduce the incidence of childhood hematological malignancies.

The complete chloroplast genome of Blechnopsis orientalis (Linnaeus) C. Presl 1753 (Blechnaceae).

Blechnopsis orientalis (Linnaeus) C. Presl (1753) is a fern used both as food and medicine. It is found primarily in southern China and Southeast Asia, thriving in warm, humid shrublands or sparse forest. The total length of the chloroplast genome is 155,211 bp, including a large single-copy region (LSC, 81,877 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC, 21,500 bp), and two inverted repeat regions (IRs, 25,917 bp). The GC content is 41.3%. A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 88 protein-coding genes, eight rRNA genes, and 35 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis using the maximum-likelihood method showed that B. orientalis and Oceaniopteris gibba were closely related. This study provides genomic resources for phylogenetic genetics and resource exploitation of B. orientalis.

[Analysis of the causes of incompatible cross-matching induced by two Rh blood group antibodies and corresponding laboratory treatment].

Objective To analyze the serological characteristics and clinical significance of IgG anti-D and anti-C combined antibodies and anti-E and anti-c combined antibodies in patients negative for RhDC and RhEc antigens. Methods The clinical data and laboratory results of 12 cases with two types of irregular antibodies were recorded and analyzed, including age, sex, history of blood transfusion/pregnancy, ABO and RhD blood group identification, Rh antigen typing, irregular antibody screening, antibody-specific identification, absorption-elution tests, antibody titer determination and cross-matching tests. Results Among the 12 patients, the mean age was 51.4±16.9 years. Nine patients had a history of blood transfusion; eight patients had a history of pregnancy; five patients had both. Serological tests showed positive antibody screening and incompatible cross-matching. The results of antibody-specific identification and absorption-elution tests showed the presence of both IgG anti-D and anti-C antibodies in three patients, with anti-D titers at 16-32, and anti-C titers at 8-16. Nine patients had both IgG anti-E and anti-c antibodies, with the titers of anti-E and anti-c antibodies at 8-16. From the patients with combined anti-D and anti-C antibodies, suspended red blood cells of ABO identical type, RhD negative and other Rh antigens as ccee were selected. From patients with combined anti-E and anti-c antibodies, suspended red blood cells of ABO identical type, RhD positive and other Rh antigens as CCee were selected. Cross-matching blood test results showed no agglutination or hemolysis in saline, polycoagulant and anti-human globulin media. Conclusion Blood transfusion and/or pregnancy are the primary causes of irregular antibodies in two Rh systems, leading to positive antibody screening and cross-match incompatibility. Routine compatibility transfusion of Rh antigens, based on ABO homotypic blood transfusion, is of great value and significance for the safety of clinical blood transfusion and the prevention of hemolytic disease of the newborn.

Enhancing prognostic guidance in renal light-chain amyloidosis: a new staging system incorporating pathological characters.

BACKGROUND: Advancements in treatment regimens have led to improved outcomes in renal Immunoglobulin light-chain amyloidosis. Nevertheless, a subset of patients may still experience renal adverse events despite achieving hematologic very good partial response or better. This discrepancy may be attributed to the deposition pattern of amyloid in renal tissue. To enhance prognostic assessment, a staging system that incorporates both pathological characteristics and clinical indicators should be developed. METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed through renal biopsy between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2022, were included. The renal pathology of patients was evaluated according to amyloid score (AS). Risk factors for end-stage renal disease or renal progression were identified by the competing risk model, then to develop a renal staging system. The Concordance index (C-index), internal cross-validation and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA) were used to evaluate the performance of the new staging system. RESULTS: 74 patients were included, and 16 (21.6%) patients had end-stage renal disease or renal progression within 24.7 (11.9, 50.7) months. AS and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were identified as independent risk factors and the staging system based on them, which the C-index was 0.81 (95%CI, 0.73-0.89), had greater improvement than previous staging systems. The internal cross-validation and DCA also confirmed its great clinical benefits. CONCLUSION: The AS demonstrated its prognostic significance in Chinese patients, and the novel renal staging system based on AS and eGFR may provide great prognostic guidance for these patients.

Dual-Targeted Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks Drug Delivery System Reversing Cisplatin Resistance to Treat Resistant Ovarian Cancer.

Objective: Ovarian cancer cells are prone to acquire tolerance to chemotherapeutic agents, which seriously affects clinical outcomes. The development of novel strategies to enhance the targeting of chemotherapeutic agents to overcome drug resistance and minimize side effects is significant for improving the clinical outcomes of ovarian cancer patients. Methods: We employed folic acid (FA)-modified ZIF-90 nanomaterials (FA-ZIF-90) to deliver the chemotherapeutic drug, cisplatin (DDP), via dual targeting to improve its targeting to circumvent cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells, especially by targeting mitochondria. FA-ZIF-90/DDP could rapidly release DDP in response to dual stimulation of acidity and ATP in tumor cells. Results: FA-ZIF-90/DDP showed good blood compatibility. It was efficiently taken up by human ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells A2780/DDP and aggregated in the mitochondrial region. FA-ZIF-90/DDP significantly inhibited the mitochondrial activity and metastatic ability of A2780/DDP cells. In addition, it effectively induced apoptosis in A2780/DDP cells and overcame cisplatin resistance. In vivo experiments showed that FA-ZIF-90/DDP increased the accumulation of DDP in tumor tissues and significantly inhibited tumor growth. Conclusion: FA-modified ZIF-90 nanocarriers can improve the tumor targeting and anti-tumor effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, reduce toxic side effects, and are expected to be a novel therapeutic strategy to reverse drug resistance in ovarian cancer.

EMG-YOLO: road crack detection algorithm for edge computing devices.

Introduction: Road cracks significantly shorten the service life of roads. Manual detection methods are inefficient and costly. The YOLOv5 model has made some progress in road crack detection. However, issues arise when deployed on edge computing devices. The main problem is that edge computing devices are directly connected to sensors. This results in the collection of noisy, poor-quality data. This problem adds computational burden to the model, potentially impacting its accuracy. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel road crack detection algorithm named EMG-YOLO. Methods: First, an Efficient Decoupled Header is introduced in YOLOv5 to optimize the head structure. This approach separates the classification task from the localization task. Each task can then focus on learning its most relevant features. This significantly reduces the model's computational resources and time. It also achieves faster convergence rates. Second, the IOU loss function in the model is upgraded to the MPDIOU loss function. This function works by minimizing the top-left and bottom-right point distances between the predicted bounding box and the actual labeled bounding box. The MPDIOU loss function addresses the complex computation and high computational burden of the current YOLOv5 model. Finally, the GCC3 module replaces the traditional convolution. It performs global context modeling with the input feature map to obtain global context information. This enhances the model's detection capabilities on edge computing devices. Results: Experimental results show that the improved model has better performance in all parameter indicators compared to current mainstream algorithms. The EMG-YOLO model improves the accuracy of the YOLOv5 model by 2.7%. The mAP (0.5) and mAP (0.9) are improved by 2.9% and 0.9%, respectively. The new algorithm also outperforms the YOLOv5 model in complex environments on edge computing devices. Discussion: The EMG-YOLO algorithm proposed in this paper effectively addresses the issues of poor data quality and high computational burden on edge computing devices. This is achieved through optimizing the model head structure, upgrading the loss function, and introducing global context modeling. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both accuracy and efficiency, especially in complex environments. Future research can further optimize this algorithm and explore more lightweight and efficient object detection models for edge computing devices.