[The significance of ultrasound and mammography in the diagnosis of fat necrosis after fat transplantation in breasts].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the significance and images characters of ultrasound and mammography in the diagnosis of fat necrosis after fat transplantation in breasts(FTB). METHODS: From June 2005 to June 2012, 13 cases with 96 fat necrosis lumps after FTB, were retrospectively reviewed. The pre-operative images of ultrasound and mammography, as well as the post-operative histologic results were collected. RESULTS: All the 96 lumps were histologically diagnosed as fat necrosis. They were lipo-necrotic cysts with thin wall(29 lumps), or thick wall(52 lumps), or no wall(15 lumps). The cysts with wall could be distinguished both in the images of ultrasound and mammography, but the cysts without wall could only be found in mammography images, not in ultrasound images. CONCLUSIONS: Most fat necrosis lesions show a special cystic images with thin or thick wall in ultrasound and mammography. Irregular lesions without wall can be distinguished in the mammography images, but may be mis-diagnosed in the images of ultrasound. The images characters of fat necrosis lesions in mammography are not confused with the breast tumor.

[Ultrasonographic study on the relationship between the thickness of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and cervical lymph node metastasis].

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the correlation between the thickness of the tongue carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastasis obtained with ultrasonography. METHODS: The tumor thickness of 37 primary tongue cancers were measured in the sonogram by the intraoral ultrasonography. The cervical lymph nodes were scanned, and the number, size, internal echo, and blood stream were measured to evaluate the nature. SAS6.1 software package was used for Chi-square test, non-parametric test and Logistic regression. RESULTS: The tumor thickness measured before operation with ultrasonography and after operation from pathological sections was subjected to non-parameter Wilcox rank-sum test, P=0.2013, indicating that there was no significant difference between the mean thickness obtained from the two modalities. The tumor thickness and cervical lymph node metastasis were subjected to non-parameter rank correlation test, the Spearman r=0.6824, P<0.01, indicating that there were a positive correlation between the tumor thickness measured by ultrasonography scan and cervical lymph node metastasis. Logistic regression analysis also showed that the risk of metastasis of the neck lymph nodes increased with the increased thickness of the tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy and sensitiveness of ultrasonography in measuring the tumor thickness and detection of cervical lymph metastases make it a promising pre-operative tool in staging the cancer and optimizing the treatment plan for the surgeons.

Autologous fat grafting to the breast for cosmetic enhancement: experience in 66 patients with long-term follow up.

BACKGROUND: Autologous fat grafting to the breast for cosmetic enhancement remains controversial because the efficacy and fate of fat grafting to the breast are primarily unknown. In this report, we present our retrospective study in 66 patients who underwent autologous fat grafting to the breast for various cosmetic reasons and who were followed with sonography, mammography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS: Sixty-six patients who desired cosmetic enhancement of the breast for various reasons underwent autologous fat transplantation between August 2000 and March 2005 in our institution. The cosmetic outcome was assessed by the plastic surgeons as well as the patients. The imaging features of fat necrosis, cyst formation, and calcification in these patients were carefully studied and biopsies of palpable lumps were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: All patients were followed from 13 to 61 months with an average of 37 months. Breast cosmetic contour was significantly improved in 28 patients (42.4%), improved in 24 patients (36.4%), and not improved in 14 patients (21.2%) as judged by the plastic surgeons. Twenty-seven patients (40.9%) were very satisfied, 26 patients (39.4%) were satisfied, and 13 patients (19.7%) were unsatisfied. Eleven patients (16.7%) developed liponecrotic cysts but only two patients elected to have the breast lump surgically removed. CONCLUSION: Autologous fat grafting to the breast can be a useful procedure for cosmetic enhancement in many patients who desire such a procedure. Patients with breast contour deformities after removal of silicon implants were found to be the best candidates for fat grafting. The primary long-term complication is the formation of liponecrotic cysts which have characteristically benign appearances in sonography, mammography or MRI.

[The biological properties of VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma model in different sites of rabbit tongue and cervical lymph node metastasis].

PURPOSE: To make a VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma model in different sites of rabbit tongue and cervical lymph node metastasis and study its biological properties, in order to offer a research platform for multidisciplinary therapy of tongue carcinoma. METHODS: Twenty New-Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups, five in each group, which were implanted with VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma tissue pieces. Tumor growth, volume change, tumor-bearing rate, metastasis rate of cervical lymph node, site and quantity of lymph node metastasis and rabbits' survival period were observed and recorded. The data were analyzed by Runs test, independent-samples test and Chi-square test with SPSS11.5 software package. RESULTS: Tumor-bearing rate was 75%, 80% in lateral border of tongue and 70% in median line of tongue. Metastasis rate of cervical lymph node was 70%.Tumors in the lateral border of tongue metastasized to the ipsilateral lymph nodes and that in the median line of the tongue metastasized to bilateral lymph nodes. Rabbits' average survival period were (33.25+/-6.20) days in lateral border of tongue and (39.00+/-3.74) days in the median line of tongue. Differences in each site were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Pathologically, tongue carcinoma and cervical lymph node metastasis were both poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: With modality of tissue pieces, model of VX-2 squamous cell carcinoma in different sites of rabbit tongue is made successfully. Tumor-bearing rate and metastasis rate of cervical lymph nodes were both higher, rabbits' survival periods were 4 to 6 weeks. Its biological properties are accordance with human tongue carcinoma. The tumor is growing rapidly and metastasizing easily. So it's an ideal animal model to study tongue carcinoma. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.Y0203).

[The relationship between the calcaneus density and the degree of inflammation in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the relationship between the calcaneus density and the degree of inflammation in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis. METHODS: Thirty one volunteers with healthy periodontium (as control group) and 38 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (as experimental group) were involved in this study. The average ages of the two groups were 27 and 23 years respectively. The clinical periodontal indexes and panoramic films were measured first. And the broadband ultrasonic attenuation(BUA) and T-score of the calcaneus were then determined using ultrasonic bone densitometer. SAS6.12 software package was used to analyse the data obtained. RESULTS: The BUA values of the two groups were 62.76+/-4.61 and 70.47+/-4.41 respectively, the BUA value of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.001). Moreover, T-score was different between the two groups and the score in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The BUA and T-score in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis were significantly lower than that in the controls with healthy periodontium, which indicated that patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis had overall bone density decrease.

[Duplex ultrasonography and internal pudendal arteriogram in the diagnosis of trauma-associated arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (a report of 7 cases)].

OBJECTIVE: To make a comparative study of duplex ultrasonography (DU) and internal pudendal arteriogram (IPA) in the diagnosis of trauma-associated arteriogenic erectile dysfunction (ED). METHODS: Seven patients suffering from arteriogenic erectile dysfunction caused by pelvic fracture trauma underwent comprehensive history inquiries and physical examinations by duplex ultrasonography and internal pudendal arteriogram, which ruled out neurogenic erectile dysfunction. RESULTS: DU suggested penile artery blood flow injury, and IPA indicated artery injury in all the cases, including left internal pudendal artery injury, right or left common penile artery injury and bilateral common penile artery injury. CONCLUSION: Trauma-associated arteriogenic erectile dysfunction may result from common penile artery injury and internal pudendal artery injury. DU is proved valuable for evaluating hemodynamic abnormalities of cavernous artery flow, and IPA useful in locating common penile artery and internal pudendal artery injury. DU can be used as the first line diagnostic means to define trauma-associated arteriogenic ED.