Assessment of Immune Status in Patients with Mismatch Repair Deficiency Endometrial Cancer.

Objective: This study introduced a novel subtype classification method for endometrial cancer (EC) with mismatch repair deficiency (MMRd) by employing immune status and prognosis as the foundational criteria. The goal was to enhance treatment guidance through precise subtype delineation. Methods: Study Cohort: This study encompassed a cohort of 119 patients diagnosed with MMRd-EC between 2015 and 2022. Analyses using t-tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed to assess prognostic markers and peripheral blood immune cell profiles in patients with MutS deficiency (MutS-d) versus those with MutL deficiency (MutL-d). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors. Bioinformatics Analysis: An online database was used to assess the prognostic implications, immune cell infiltration, and immune checkpoint involvement associated with the deficiency of MutS versus MutL in EC. Results: Patients with MutL-d exhibited heightened risk factors, including elevated cancer grade and increased myometrial invasion, leading to poorer prognosis and shorter overall survival and progression-free survival. Regarding systemic immune status, patients with MutL-d demonstrated decreased peripheral blood lymphocyte percentage, lymphocyte count, and CD8+ T cell percentage. For local immunity, the infiltration of natural killer cells, CD8+ T cells, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the tumor tissue was reduced in patients with MutL-d. Additionally, patients with MutL-d exhibited lower expression of immune checkpoint markers. The composition of immune subtypes and survival outcomes also indicate that patients with MutL-d have a poorer immune status and prognosis than the patients with MutS-d. Conclusion: Patients with MMRd-EC can be subclassified according to MutS or MutL deficiency. Patients with MutS-d exhibited better immune status, prognosis, and immunotherapy benefits than those with MutL-d. These results can help guide patients to a more precise treatment.

Role of low-molecular-weight organic compounds on photochemical formation of Mn(III)-ligands in aqueous systems: Implications for BPA removal.

Aqueous trivalent manganese [Mn(III)], an important reactive intermediate, is ubiquitous in natural surface water containing humic acid (HA). However, the effect of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) on the formation, stability and reactivity of Mn(III) intermediate is still unknown. In this study, six LMWOAs, including oxalic acid (Oxa), salicylic acid (Sal), catechol (Cat), caffeic acid (Caf), gallic acid (Gal) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), were selected to investigate the effects of LMWOAs on the degradation of BPA induced by in situ formed Mn(III)-L in the HA/Mn(II) system under light irradiation. The chromophoric constituents of HA could absorb light radiation and generate superoxide radical to promote the oxidation of Mn(II) to form Mn(III), which was further involved in transformation of BPA. Our results implied that different LMWOAs did significantly impact on Mn(III) production and its degradation of BPA due to their different functional group. EDTA, Oxa and Sal extensively increased the Mn(III) concentration from 50 to 100 µM compared to the system without LMWOAs, following the order of EDTA > Oxa > Sal, and also enhanced the degradation of BPA with the similar patterns. In contrast, Cat, Caf and Gal had an inhibitory effect on the formation of Mn(III), which is likely because they consumed the superoxide radicals generated from irradiated HA, resulting in the inhibition of Mn(II) oxidation and further BPA removal. The product identification and theoretical calculation indicated that a single electron transfer process occurred between Mn(III)-L and BPA, forming BPA radicals and subsequent self-coupling products. Our results demonstrated that the LMWOAs with different structures could alter the cycling process of Mn via complexation and redox reactions, which would provide new implications for the removal of organic pollutants in surface water.

Anterior chamber proliferative membrane interception (AC-PMI)-enhanced trabeculectomy versus trabeculectomy for treating neovascular glaucoma: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Neovascular glaucoma (NVG) is an irreversible blinding eye disease worldwide and is classified as one of the refractory glaucoma conditions, severely impacting visual function and vision. Unfortunately, effective surgical interventions to improve the prognosis of NVG patients are currently lacking. The study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anterior chamber proliferative membrane interception (AC-PMI)-enhanced trabeculectomy compared to the traditional trabeculectomy. METHODS: AC-PMI enhanced trabeculectomy versus trabeculectomy for the treatment of NVG is a single-center, prospective, double-arms, and randomized controlled trial of superior efficacy, which will involve 100 NVG inpatients. Patients will be randomly assigned into two groups using the random number table method. One group will undergo trabeculectomy using anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (Anti-VEGF) preoperatively and mitomycin C intraoperatively, while the other group will undergo AC-PMI enhanced trabeculectomy with the same medications (Anti-VEGF and mitomycin C). The patients will be followed up at the baseline and 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, and 24 months postoperatively. Meanwhile, we will collect the demographics, characteristics, and examination results and monitor any occurrences of adverse events at each follow-up time. DISCUSSION: This is an efficacy study of a novel surgical approach for treating neovascular glaucoma. Building upon conventional filtering surgeries, this approach introduces an additional step involving the interception of the proliferative membrane to effectively halt the growth of fibrovascular tissue. This study aims to explore a promising new surgical approach for managing NVG and contribute to the advancement of glaucoma treatment strategies. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ChiCTR ChiCTR2200055138. Registered on 01 January 2022. https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=145255.

Self-Assembled FeIII-TAML-Based Magnetic Nanostructures for Rapid and Sustainable Destruction of Bisphenol A.

This study focused on constructing iron(III)-tetraamidomacrocyclic ligand (FeIII-TAML)-based magnetic nanostructures via a surfactant-assisted self-assembly (SAS) method to enhance the reactivity and recoverability of FeIII-TAML activators, which have been widely employed to degrade various organic contaminants. We have fabricated FeIII-TAML-based magnetic nanomaterials (FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4, CTAB refers to cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) by adding a mixed solution of FeIII-TAML and NH3·H2O into another mixture containing CTAB, FeCl2 and FeCl3 solutions. The as-prepared FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4 nanocomposite showed relative reactivity compared with free FeIII-TAML as indicated by decomposition of bisphenol A (BPA). Moreover, our results demonstrated that the FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4 composite can be separated directly from reaction solutions by magnet adsorption and reused for at least four times. Therefore, the efficiency and recyclability of self-assembled FeIII-TAML/CTAB@Fe3O4 nanostructures will enable the application of FeIII-TAML-based materials with a lowered expense for environmental implication.

V-ATPase E mediates Cry2Ab binding and toxicity in Helicoverpa armigera.

Cry2Ab is one of the important alternative Bt proteins that can be used to manage insect pests resistant to Cry1A toxins and to expand the insecticidal spectrum of pyramided Bt crops. Previous studies have showed that vacuolar H+-ATPase subunits A and B (V-ATPase A and B) may be involved in Bt insecticidal activities. The present study investigated the role of V-ATPases subunit E in the toxicity of Cry2Ab in Helicoverpa amigera. RT-PCR analysis revealed that oral exposure of H. amigera larvae to Cry2Ab led to a significant reduction in the expression of H. armigera V-ATPase E (HaV-ATPase E). Ligand blot, homologous and heterologous competition experiments confirmed that HaV-ATPases E physically and specifically bound to activated Cry2Ab toxin. Heterologous expressing of HaV-ATPase E in Sf9 cells made the cell line more susceptible to Cry2Ab, whereas knockdown of the endogenous V-ATPase E in H. zea midgut cells decreased Cry2Ab's cytotoxicity against this cell line. Further in vivo bioassay showed that H. armigera larvae fed a diet overlaid with both Cry2Ab and E. coli-expressed HaV-ATPase E protein suffered significantly higher mortality than those fed Cry2Ab alone. These results support that V-ATPases E is a putative receptor of Cry2Ab and can be used to improve Cry2Ab toxicity and manage Cry2Ab resistance at least in H. armigera.

HPV positivity status in males is related to the acquisition of HPV infection in females in heterosexual couples.

PURPOSE: Few studies have focused on the impact of human papillomavirus (HPV) positivity in male partners on female HPV infection and cervical lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of the HPV infection status of husbands on wives' cervical HPV infection and lesions. METHODS: We surveyed 251 monogamous couples who attended the outpatient department of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital from 2013 to 2021. HPV type analysis was performed on exfoliated cells of the females' cervix and males' urethra by the PCR-reverse dot blot method. We analyzed the prevalence and consistency of HPV types in 251 couples. Subsequently, the risk of HPV infection in females with HPV-positive male partners was analyzed. SPSS version 26 (IBM, Chicago, USA) was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In 251 couples, the most commonly detected high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes were 52, 51, 16, and 58 for males and 16, 52, 18, and 58 for females. Wives with HPV-positive husbands had higher infection rates for most HR-HPV genotypes. HR-HPV positivity in husbands was a risk factor for the development of cervical lesions in wives (OR = 2.250, P = 0.014). Both single-type (OR = 2.085, P = 0.040) and multiple-type (OR = 2.751, P = 0.036) infection in husbands will contributed to an increased risk of non-HR-HPV infection and cervical lesions in wives. CONCLUSION: Husbands' HPV positivity increases the burden of non-HR-HPV infection and increases the risk of cervical lesions developing in wives. It is hoped to provide a reference value for cervical cancer prevention in females and HPV vaccination in males.

Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) as the Prognostic Factor for Recurrence/Residual Disease in HSIL Patients After LEEP.

Purpose: The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is considered correlated with cancer prognosis including cervical cancer, in addition to high-risk papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection, of which the predictive value in prognosis of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) remains unknown. Here, the prognostic predictive value of PLR in HSIL after loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) was evaluated. Patients and Methods: This study included 335 nonpregnant participants with histopathologically confirmed HSIL and 3- and 5-year follow-ups from the Fujian Cervical Lesions Screening Cohorts (FCLSCs) between September 2016 and September 2018. PLR and other variables were evaluated to identify the factors related to the recurrence/residual cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)-free survival (RFS), namely, the time from LEEP at baseline to first detection of recurrence/residual CIN or end of follow-up, by logistic and Cox regression. Results: In the Kaplan‒Meier analysis, HR-HPV infection (p=0.049/0.012), higher PLR (p=0.031/0.038), and gland invasion (p=0.047) had a higher risk for recurrence/residual CIN at the 3-/5-year follow-up. The univariate logistic and Cox regression analyses showed significant differences and a higher cumulative risk in patients with HR-HPV infection (OR=3.917, p=0.026; HR=3.996, p=0.020) and higher PLR (OR=2.295, p=0.041; HR=2.161, p=0.030) at the 5-year follow-up. The findings by multivariate Cox regression analysis were similar, indicating a poor prognosis for patients with HR-HPV infection (HR=3.901, p=0.023) and higher PLR (HR=2.082, p=0.038) at the 5-year follow-up. The calibration plot showed a better model fit for RFS at the 3-year follow-up. Conclusion: Preoperative PLR level and HR-HPV infection could be available markers for predicting recurrence/residual disease of HSIL after LEEP. Clinically, combining PLR with HR-HPV tests may provide novel evaluation method and reference for management in post-treatment patients with cervical precancerous lesions.

Peripheral blood lymphocytes influence human papillomavirus infection and clearance: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: There is a close correlation between HPV infection and systemic immune status. The purpose of this study was to determine which lymphocytes in peripheral blood influence human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and to identify whether peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) subsets could be used as biomarkers to predict HPV clearance in the short term. METHODS: This study involved 716 women undergoing colposcopy from 2019 to 2021. Logistic and Cox regression were used to analyze the association of PBLs with HPV infection and clearance. Using Cox regression, bidirectional stepwise regression and the Akaike information criterion (AIC), lymphocyte prediction models were developed, with the C-index assessing performance. ROC analysis determined optimal cutoff values, and their accuracy for HPV clearance risk stratification was evaluated via Kaplan‒Meier and time-dependent ROC. Bootstrap resampling validated the model and cutoff values. RESULTS: Lower CD4 + T cells were associated with a higher risk of HPV, high-risk HPV, HPV18 and HPV52 infections, with corresponding ORs (95% CI) of 1.58 (1.16-2.15), 1.71 (1.23-2.36), 2.37 (1.12-5.02), and 3.67 (1.78-7.54), respectively. PBL subsets mainly affect the natural clearance of HPV, but their impact on postoperative HPV outcomes is not significant (P > 0.05). Lower T-cell and CD8 + T-cell counts, as well as a higher NK cell count, are unfavorable factors for natural HPV clearance (P < 0.05). The optimal cutoff values determined by the PBL prognostic model (T-cell percentage: 67.39%, NK cell percentage: 22.65%, CD8 + T-cell model risk score: 0.95) can effectively divide the population into high-risk and low-risk groups, accurately predicting the natural clearance of HPV. After internal validation with bootstrap resampling, the above conclusions still hold. CONCLUSIONS: CD4 + T cells were important determinants of HPV infection. T cells, NK cells, and CD8 + T cells can serve as potential biomarkers for predicting natural HPV clearance, which can aid in patient risk stratification, individualized treatment, and follow-up management.

ERRα Up-Regulates Invadopodia Formation by Targeting HMGCS1 to Promote Endometrial Cancer Invasion and Metastasis.

Estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα) plays an important role in endometrial cancer (EC) progression. However, the biological roles of ERRα in EC invasion and metastasis are not clear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ERRα and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) in regulating intracellular cholesterol metabolism to promote EC progression. ERRα and HMGCS1 interactions were detected by co-immunoprecipitation, and the effects of ERRα/HMGCS1 on the metastasis of EC were investigated by wound-healing and transwell chamber invasion assays. Cellular cholesterol content was measured to verify the relationship between ERRα and cellular cholesterol metabolism. Additionally, immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm that ERRα and HMGCS1 were related to EC progression. Furthermore, the mechanism was investigated using loss-of-function and gain-of-function assays or treatment with simvastatin. High expression levels of ERRα and HMGCS1 promoted intracellular cholesterol metabolism for invadopodia formation. Moreover, inhibiting ERRα and HMGCS1 expression significantly weakened the malignant progression of EC in vitro and in vivo. Our functional analysis showed that ERRα promoted EC invasion and metastasis through the HMGCS1-mediated intracellular cholesterol metabolism pathway, which was dependent on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway. Our findings suggest that ERRα and HMGCS1 are potential targets to suppress EC progression.

Development of DNA Biosensors Based on DNAzymes and Nucleases.

DNA biosensors play important roles in environmental, medical, industrial and agricultural analysis. Many DNA biosensors have been designed based on the enzyme catalytic reaction. Because of the importance of enzymes in biosensors, we present a review on this topic. In this review, the enzymes were divided into DNAzymes and nucleases according to their chemical nature. Firstly, we introduced the DNAzymes with different function inducing cleavage, metalation, peroxidase, ligation and allosterism. In this section, the G-quadruplex DNAzyme, as a hot topic in recent years, was described in detail. Then, the nucleases-assisted signal amplification method was also reviewed in three categories including exonucleases, endonucleases and other nucleases according to the digestion sites in DNA substrates. In exonucleases section, the Exo I and Exo III were selected as examples. Then, the DNase I, BamH I, nicking endonuclease, S1 nuclease, the duplex specific nuclease (DSN) and RNases were chosen to illustrate the application of endonucleases. In other nucleases section, DNA polymerases and DNA ligases were detailed. Last, the challenges and future perspectives in the field were discussed.

Rapid adsorption of triclosan and p-chloro-m-xylenol by nitrogen-doped magnetic porous carbon.

Contamination of water resources with organic substances like phenolic fungicides is undesirable due to the improvement of living standards, the huge production of chemicals, the heavy consumption of daily chemical products, and the growth of the population. In this study, Co-based zeolitic imidazole framework-67 (ZIF-67(Co)) was synthesized using the "one-pot method," and the best Co-based N-doped magnetic porous carbon (Co-NPC) was prepared by ZIF-67(Co) carbonization in an atmosphere of N2. The materials were tested using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), N2 adsorption-desorption, and magnetization analysis. These characterizations indicated that the Co-NPC was successfully prepared. With the original morphology of ZIF-67(Co) crystals, the Co-NPC also has good porosity, magnetic properties, and a large specific surface area. In water, Co-NPC-800 has a good adsorption capacity for triclosan (TCS) and p-chloro-m-xylenol (PCMX), which are kinds of aromatic fungicides. The adsorption of Co-NPC-800 on both reached equilibrium within 3 min, which is in accordance with the quasi-second-order kinetic model. At 298 K, the maximum adsorption capacity of Co-NPC-800 for TCS and PCMX was 163 and 39 mg·g-1, respectively. The adsorption of TCS and PCMX by Co-NPC-800 is a spontaneous endothermic process with reduced entropy. The combination of Co-NPC-800 and phenols come from multiple actions of electrostatic, π-π, and hydrogen bond effects. Moreover, Co-NPC-800 can be regenerated through simple washing and can be reused at least three times by a magnet. The Co-NPC-800 has good porosity, large specific surface area, comparable adsorption capacity, rapid adsorption time, so it could be broadly used in sewage treatments and other environmental fields.

Analysis of Maternal and Infant Outcomes and Related Factors of Vaginal Delivery of Second Pregnancy after Cesarean Section.

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of different delivery methods and the safety of vaginal delivery of second pregnancy after cesarean section and analyze the related factors. Methods: A total of 738 eligible pregnant women who underwent cesarean section from September 2018 to August 2020 were randomly selected from our hospital. Among them, 527 pregnant women successfully delivered vaginally were selected as the observation group, and 211 pregnant women who failed vaginal delivery were selected as the control group. To analyze the factors that influence the success of vaginal delivery of second pregnancy after cesarean section and compare the outcomes of mother and infant in two groups. Results: There was no significant difference in age, prenatal body mass index (BMI), and thickness of lower uterine segment between the two groups (P > 0.05). There were significant differences in fetal head orientation, fetal abdominal circumference, fetal biparietal diameter, uterine height, premature rupture of membranes, Bishop score, and epidural anesthesia during labor between the two groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fetal abdominal circumference, fetal head orientation, Bishop score, and epidural anesthesia during labor were independent factors affecting the success of VBAC (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of uterine rupture between the two groups (P > 0.05). The amount of postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Apgar score, asphyxia rate, and hospitalization rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There are many factors that influence the success of vaginal delivery after cesarean section. Through prenatal comprehensive evaluation of vaginal delivery conditions, we can guide the parturient to choose a reasonable mode of delivery, reduce the incidence of complications, and improve the outcome of mother and baby.

A nucleic acid dye-enhanced electrochemical biosensor for the label-free detection of Hg2+ based on a gold nanoparticle-modified disposable screen-printed electrode.

In this paper, a nucleic acid dye-enhanced electrochemical biosensor based on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) was designed for the detection of Hg2+ in water. AuNPs were modified on the surface of the disposable SPCE through the electrodeposition of HAuCl4. Subsequently, thiolated DNA probes were immobilized on the AuNP-modified electrode surface by Au-S reaction. After Hg2+ was bound with a DNA probe by thymine (T)-Hg2+-thymine (T) mismatch, the DNA probe was folded into a hairpin structure where positively charged GelRed molecules were embedded into the double-stranded part of the hairpin. Thus, the current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- increased significantly on account of the decreased electrostatic repulsion at the electrode surface. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the peak current of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- exhibited a good linear relationship with lgCHg2+ in the concentration of Hg2+ linear range of 0.1 nM to 500 nM, and the limit of detection (S/N = 3) was calculated as 0.04 nM. The electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity for Hg2+ in the presence of nine interfering ions, including Na+, Fe3+, Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+, Pb2+, K+, Al3+ and Cu2+. Meanwhile, the developed electrochemical sensor was tested in the analysis of Hg2+ in tap water and river water samples, and the recoveries ranged from 81.0 to 114%. Therefore, this nucleic acid dye-enhanced electrochemical biosensor provided the advantages of simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity and is expected to be an alternative for Hg2+ detection in actual environmental samples.

Efficacy of bleb-independent penetrating canaloplasty in primary angle-closure glaucoma: one-year results.

PURPOSE: To report the efficacy and safety of bleb-independent penetrating canaloplasty in the management of primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG). METHODS: This single-centre prospective interventional case series enrolled 57 eyes from 53 PACG patients with medically uncontrolled intraocular pressure (IOP) and peripheral anterior synechiae of over 270°. Penetrating canaloplasty, mainly consisted of tensioning suture-aided Schlemm's canal dilation and a trabeculectomy, was performed to create a direct communication between the anterior chamber and the Schlemm's canal. Postoperative IOP, number of glaucoma medications and procedure-related complications were evaluated. Rate of success was defined as IOP ≤ 21, ≤18 and ≤15 mmHg, and a ≥30% IOP reduction without (complete) or with/without (qualified) IOP-lowering medications. RESULTS: A total of 45 eyes had 360° catheterization successfully completed. The mean preoperative IOP was 33.9 ± 11.7 mmHg (range, 13-59.6 mmHg), on 3.2 ± 0.8 glaucoma medications (range 2-5), which was decreased to 15.4 ± 3.7 mmHg (range, 8.6-22.5) and 0.2 ± 0.6 (range, 0-3) medications at 6 months and 14.8 ± 3.5 mmHg (range, 9-24) and 0.1 ± 0.3 (range, 0-1) medications at 12 months postoperatively. Complete success at 12 months were achieved in 78.9% (95% CI: 0.65-0.93), 71.1% (0.56-0.86) and 50.0% (0.33-0.67) eyes at IOP ≤ 21, ≤18 and ≤15 mmHg, respectively. Transient IOP elevation (>30 mmHg, 26.7%) and hyphema (11.1%) were the most common early surgical complications. CONCLUSION: Penetrating canaloplasty in PACG appeared to have good efficacy and safety profiles in this pilot study. Further studies are justified.

The synergy of adsorption and photosensitization of platinum-doped graphitic carbon nitride for improved removal of rhodamine B.

Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted growing attention recently for photodegradation of pollutants. However, the photosensitization performance of g-C3N4 was limited by insufficient generation efficiency of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and weak light absorption. In this study, platinum (Pt)-doped g-C3N4 photocatalyst was synthesized by thermal polycondensation using dicyandiamide and chloroplatinic acid. The structure and composition of Pt-doped g-C3N4 were tested by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), which indicated that the Pt-doped g-C3N4 was successfully prepared. Compared with bare g-C3N4, Pt2+-doped g-C3N4 has wider light absorption range, lower band gap, and higher photon-generated carrier migration efficiency, which significantly improved the light absorption range and photosensitization efficiency of Pt2+-doped g-C3N4, while photodegradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB) increased from 50 to 90%. The effecting factors of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation performance of Pt2+-doped g-C3N4 for RhB were investigated in detail. The adsorption is a monolayer adsorption process that fits the Langmuir model, as well as being a spontaneous endothermic process. Using a white LED as an excitation source, electrons and holes in Pt2+-doped g-C3N4 were generated. The electrons reacting with dissolved oxygen produce active oxygen species such as •OH and 1O2, which can degrade RhB on the surface of Pt2+-doped g-C3N4. The photocatalytic method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and high efficiency, and has the potential to directly remove dyes in wastewater utilizing sunlight.

Tracking the dissolution behavior of zinc oxide nanoparticles in skimmed milk powder solutions.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are recently recommended as food additives owing to their outstanding nutritive function. Therefore, understanding their comprehensive information and stability in food samples is highly necessitated. However, the characterization of ZnO NPs in the complex food matrices remains a great challenge, limiting an in-depth understanding of their transformation during food storage. In this study, the hollow fiber flow field-flow fractionation was combined with UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy to assess the dissolution behaviors of ZnO NPs in skimmed milk powder solutions by monitoring the changes in the residual ZnO NPs and the amount of dissolved Zn(II) ions. The simultaneous characterization of these two Zn species in skimmed milk powder solutions was achieved without the need for tedious sample pretreatments, and the dissolution of ZnO NPs in skimmed milk powder solutions had time- and temperature-dependent behaviors.

The effect of different diagnostic timings and types of placenta accreta on the pregnancy outcome.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of maternal and fetal outcomes after different diagnostic timings of placenta accreta and its types. METHODS: We retrospectively collected the clinical information of 1178 pregnant women with placenta accreta in Fujian Maternity and Children Health Hospital from January 2012 to January 2017. According to the different diagnostic timings of placenta accreta, they were divided into groups of prenatal diagnosis and postpartum diagnosis; and according to the types of placenta accreta, they were divided into groups of accreta group, increta group, and percreta group. RESULTS: 1. Women with antenatal diagnosis more often had placenta previa and history of previous cesarean section. 2. Women with antenatal diagnosis had a higher rate in blood loss and blood transfusion. 3. The rate of blood loss, blood transfusion, infection,disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), secondary laparotomy, hysterectomy had statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) in different types of placenta accreta. The deeper of placenta accreta, the higher the incidence of complications. CONCLUSION: It is important to pay attention for risk factors of the placenta accreta, then improve prenatal diagnostic rate of the placenta accreta and its types, which can forecast the severity of illness to improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

Identification of potential candidate proteins for reprogramming spinal cord-derived astrocytes into neurons: a proteomic analysis.

Our previous study has confirmed that astrocytes overexpressing neurogenic differentiation factor 1 (NEUROD1) in the spinal cord can be reprogrammed into neurons under in vivo conditions. However, whether they can also be reprogrammed into neurons under in vitro conditions remains unclear, and the mechanisms of programmed conversion from astrocytes to neurons have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we prepared reactive astrocytes from newborn rat spinal cord astrocytes using the scratch method and infected them with lentivirus carrying NEUROD1. The results showed that NEUROD1 overexpression reprogrammed the cultured reactive astrocytes into neurons in vitro with an efficiency of 13.4%. Using proteomic and bioinformatic analyses, 1952 proteins were identified, of which 92 were differentially expressed. Among these proteins, 11 were identified as candidate proteins in the process of reprogramming based on their biological functions and fold-changes in the bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, western blot assay revealed that casein kinase II subunit alpha (CSNK2A2) and pinin (PNN) expression in NEUROD1-overexpressing reactive astrocytes was significantly increased, suggesting that NEUROD1 can directly reprogram spinal cord-derived reactive astrocytes into neurons in vitro, and that the NEUROD1-CSNK2A2-PNN pathway is involved in this process. This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University, China (approval No. 2016-05) on April 18, 2016.

Enhanced alteration of poly(vinyl chloride) microplastics by hydrated electrons derived from indole-3-acetic acid assisted by a common cationic surfactant.

In this study, a new photo-irradiated reductive dechlorination pathway and the underlying transformation mechanism are described for poly(vinyl chloride) microplastics (PVC-MPs). PVC-MPs underwent photo-reductive dechlorination process with the release of chloride ions. This reaction could be facilitated in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) under neutral pH and simulated sunlight irradiation conditions. Electrostatic interaction between IAA and CTAB produced neutral IAA/CTAB complex, which might account for the enhanced adsorption of IAA on PVC powders. Upon photo-irradiation, the adsorbed IAA was excited to generate hydrated electrons (eaq-), which could pass through a shorter distance to PVC-MP surface than that derived from homogeneous IAA molecules in aqueous solution. Transient spectra of laser flash photolysis provided direct evidence for the generation of eaq-, which supported the proposed dechlorination mechanism. Based on the results of attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (ATR/FTIR) and Raman spectra, C-Cl bond cleavage and polyene formation were involved in the structural transformation of PVC-MPs. Due to the hydrophobic effects and π-π interactions between aromatic rings and polyene structures in PVC-MP surface, the PVC-MP powders irradiated in the presence of IAA/CTAB showed an enhanced sorption for both hydrophobic and hydrophilic aromatic chemicals.

Systemic Immune-Inflammatory Index as a Predictor of Lymph Node Metastasis in Endometrial Cancer.

PURPOSE: This study assessed the predictive value of the preoperative systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII) for lymph node metastasis (LNM) in endometrial cancer (EC) patients. METHODS: We retrospectively included 392 EC patients between January 2013 and January 2019. Data on clinical indicators including age, body mass index (BMI), menopause, serum inflammatory immune index, serum tumor markers, history of diabetes and hypertension, stage, histological type, and myometrial invasion (MI) were collected. The association between clinical indicators and LNM was evaluated. RESULTS: The results indicated that neutrophil (NE), monocyte (MO) counts, SII, cancer antigen 125 (CA125), cancer antigen 153 (CA153), cancer antigen 199 (CA199), and the expression of estrogen receptor (ER) and Ki67 were higher in EC patients with LNM than in those without LNM (P<0.05). Lymph vascular space invasion (LVSI) was also associated with LNM (P<0.05). Consequently, the SII, CA125, CA153 and LVSI were found to be independent risk factors for LNM, and a nomogram including these indicators was performed. The ROC curve analysis showed that compared with a single index, the combination of the SII, CA125, CA153 and LVSI significantly improved the efficiency of diagnosing LNM in EC patients (AUC=0.865, P < 0.001). Moreover, the SII was significantly associated with age, menopause, and FIGO stage (P < 0.05). Further logistic regression analysis suggested that elevated serum SII was an independent risk factor for MI and progression to a higher pathological grade in young premenopausal EC patients. In addition, elevated SII was an independent risk factor for advanced EC progression in age ≥55 or postmenopausal EC patients. CONCLUSION: An elevated SII is an independent risk factor for LNM in patients with EC. In addition, the SII can be used as a predictor of MI and higher pathological grade in young premenopausal EC patients.