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OBJECTIVE: In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant treatment to ropivacaine in children undergoing upper limb surgeries under ultrasound-guided axillary brachial plexus blocks and general anesthesia. METHODS: We enrolled 90 children (aged 1-8 years; ASA I-II) undergoing closed reduction and internal fixation for upper extremity fractures at the Xiamen Children's Hospital and randomly assigned them to one of two groups: L (injection with 0.25% ropivacaine) or D (injection with 0.25% ropivacaine containing 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine) using the random number table method. The main outcome indicators recorded were the facial expression, leg activity, position, crying, and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale scores of children after surgery and the duration of block and analgesia maintenance. The secondary outcome indicators were vital sign data at the time of ultrasound probe placement (T1), at the time of block completion (T2), prior to the beginning of surgery (T3), 5 min after the beginning of surgery (T4), and at the end of surgery (T5), as well as the time of postoperative recovery, the number of cases of remedial analgesia, and complications. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of general data, block completion time, postoperative recovery time, and complications (P > 0.05). Compared to the L group, the D group had significantly lower FLACC scores at 6 h after surgery, as well as significantly lower systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate values at T4 and T5, and significantly longer duration of postoperative analgesia maintenance (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine (1 µg/kg) as a local anesthetic adjuvant to ropivacaine can alleviate pain at 6 h postoperatively, prolong analgesia maintenance, and reduce intraoperative blood pressure and heart rate in pediatric patients undergoing closed reduction and internal fixation for upper extremity fractures, with no obvious complications or delayed recovery. CLINICAL REGISTRY NUMBER: Registration website: www.chictr.org.cn, Registration number: ChiCTR2200065163, Registration date: October, 30, 2022.
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Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial , Dexmedetomidina , Ropivacaina , Humanos , Dexmedetomidina/administração & dosagem , Ropivacaina/administração & dosagem , Bloqueio do Plexo Braquial/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Lactente , Anestésicos Locais/administração & dosagem , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodos , Dor Pós-Operatória/tratamento farmacológico , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Plexo Braquial/diagnóstico por imagem , Plexo Braquial/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Our previous bioinformatics analysis has revealed that Rab-interacting lysosomal protein-like 2 (RILPL2) is associated with tumor immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In our study, we collected 140 patients with primary NSCLC to verify the RILPL2 expression and its prognostic value, the relationship between RILPL2 expression and CD4+, CD8+T cell infiltration. A total of 140 patients who had been diagnosed with primary NSCLC (including 66 lung adenocarcinomas and 74 lung squamous cell carcinomas) were enrolled in our study. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed to analyze the expression of RILPL2, CD4, and CD8 in these patients. Compared with peri-cancer tissues, the RILPL2 expression in NSCLC tissues was significantly lower (P < 0.0001). RILPL2 expression was significantly related to clinical stage (P = 0.019), and low RILPL2 expression indicated higher stage. Low RILPL2 expression predicted worse overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients (P = 0.017). Correlational analyses revealed that RILPL2 expression was significantly positively correlated with CD4+T cell infiltration in NSCLC (R = 0.294, P < 0.001), LUAD subgroup (R = 0.256, P = 0.038), and LUSC subgroup (R = 0.333, P = 0.004); RILPL2 expression was also significantly positively correlated with CD8+ T cell infiltration in NSCLC (R = 0.263, P = 0.002), LUAD subgroup (R = 0.280, P = 0.023), and LUSC subgroup (R = 0.250, P = 0.031). In conclusion, RILPL2 expression was downregulated in NSCLC; low RILPL2 expression was significantly related to higher stage and worse prognosis; RILPL2 expression was significantly positively correlated with CD4+, CD8+T cell infiltration.
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Nephrotic syndrome (NS) had serious complications due to hypercoagulable state in both various venous and arteries which could lead thromboembolic events. we described a case of a 41-year-old man who presented with pulmonary artery thrombosis and was diagnosed with NS. Early diagnosis and management of nephrotic syndrome may prevent the occurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE).
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Social media has profoundly changed our modes of self-expression, communication, and participation in public discourse, generating volumes of conversations and content that cover every aspect of our social lives. Social media platforms have thus become increasingly important as data sources to identify social trends and phenomena. In recent years, academics have steadily lost ground on access to social media data as technology companies have set more restrictions on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) or entirely closed public APIs. This circumstance halts the work of many social scientists who have used such data to study issues of public good. We considered the viability of eight approaches for image-based social media data collection: data philanthropy organizations, data repositories, data donation, third-party data companies, homegrown tools, and various web scraping tools and scripts. This paper discusses the advantages and challenges of these approaches from literature and from the authors' experience. We conclude the paper by discussing mechanisms for improving social media data collection that will enable this future frontier of social science research.
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Objective.Impedance pneumography (IP) has provided static assessments of subjects' breathing patterns in previous studies. Evaluating the feasibility and limitation of ambulatory IP based respiratory monitoring needs further investigation on clinically relevant exercise designs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the capacity of an advanced IP in ambulatory respiratory monitoring, and its predictive value in independent ventilatory capacity quantification during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET).Approach.35 volunteers were examined with the same calibration methodology and CPET exercise protocol comprising phases of rest, unloaded, incremental load, maximum load, recovery and further-recovery. In 3 or 4 deep breaths of calibration stage, thoracic impedance and criterion spirometric volume were simultaneously recorded to produce phase-specific prior calibration coefficients (CCs). The IP measurement during exercise protocol was converted by prior CCs to volume estimation curve and thus calculate minute ventilation (VE) independent from the spirometry approach.Main results.Across all measurements, the relative error of IP-derived VE (VER) and flowrate-derived VE (VEf) was less than 13.8%. In Bland-Altman plots, the aggregate VE estimation bias was statistically insignificant for all 3 phases with pedaling exercise and the discrepancy between VERand VEffell within the 95% limits of agreement (95% LoA) for 34 or all subjects in each of all CPET phases.Significance.This work reinforces the independent use of IP as an accurate and robust alternative to flowmeter for applications in cycle ergometry CPET, which could significantly encourage the clinical use of IP and improve the convenience and comfort of CPET.
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Impedância Elétrica , Ventilação Pulmonar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Ventilação Pulmonar/fisiologia , Teste de Esforço , Adulto Jovem , Calibragem , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Monitorização Fisiológica/métodosRESUMO
Curcuma longa, best known for its culinary application as the main constituent of curry powder, has shown potential impact on the reproductive system. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Curcuma longa extract (CLE) on Kidney-Yang deficiency mice induced by hydrocortisone and the possible roles in testosterone secretion in Leydig cells. We evaluated male sexual behaviour, reproductive organ weight, testosterone levels, and histological tissue changes in hydrocortisone-induced mice. CLE effectively reversed hydrocortisone-induced Kidney-Yang deficiency syndrome by improving sexual behaviour, testis and epididymis weight, testosterone levels and reducing pathological damage. Our in vitro study further indicated that CLE stimulated testosterone production via upregulating the mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes in Leydig cells. It significantly improved H89-inhibited protein expression of StAR and cAMP-response element-binding (CREB), as well as melatonin-suppressed StAR protein expression. The data obtained from this study suggest that CLE could alleviate Kidney-Yang deficiency symptoms and stimulate testosterone production by upregulating the steroidogenic pathway. This research identifies CLE as a potential nutraceutical option for addressing testosterone deficiency diseases.
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Glomerulonefrite , Extratos Vegetais , Testosterona , Masculino , Animais , Camundongos , Células Intersticiais do Testículo , Curcuma , Hidrocortisona , Deficiência da Energia YangRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a global social and economic impact. An easy assessment procedure to handily identify the mortality risk of inpatients is urgently needed in clinical practice. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop a simple nomogram model to categorize patients who might have a poor short-term outcome. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 189 COVID-19 patients was performed at Shanghai Ren Ji Hospital from December 12, 2022 to February 28, 2023. Chest radiography and biomarkers, including KL-6 were assessed. Risk factors of 28-day mortality were selected by a Cox regression model. A nomogram was developed based on selected variables by SMOTE strategy. The predictive performance of the derived nomogram was evaluated by calibration curve. RESULTS: In total, 173 patients were enrolled in this study. The 28-day mortality event occurred in 41 inpatients (23.7%). Serum KL-6 and radiological severity grade (RSG) were selected as the final risk factors. A nomogram model was developed based on KL-6 and RSG. The calibration curve suggested that the nomogram model might have potential clinical value. The AUCs for serum KL-6, RSG, and the combined score in the development group and validation group were 0.885 (95% CI: 0.804-0.952), 0.818 (95% CI: 0.711-0.899), 0.868 (95% CI: 0.776-0.942) and 0.932 (95% CI: 0.862-0.997), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that the nomogram based on KL-6 and RSG might be a potential method for evaluating 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients. A high combined score might indicate a poor outcome in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , China/epidemiologia , RadiografiaRESUMO
The electrochemical upcycling of nitrate (NO3-) to ammonia (NH3) holds promise for synergizing both wastewater treatment and NH3 synthesis. Efficient stripping of gaseous products (NH3, H2, and N2) from electrocatalysts is crucial for continuous and stable electrochemical reactions. This study evaluated a layered electrocatalyst structure using copper (Cu) dendrites to enable a high curvature and hydrophobicity and achieve a stratified liquid contact at the gas-liquid interface of the electrocatalyst layer. As such, gaseous product desorption or displacement from electrocatalysts was enhanced due to the separation of a wetted reaction zone and a nonwetted zone for gas transfer. Consequently, this electrocatalyst structure yielded a 2.9-fold boost in per-active-site activity compared with that with a low curvature and high hydrophilic counterpart. Moreover, a NH3 Faradaic efficiency of 90.9 ± 2.3% was achieved with nearly 100% NO3- conversion. This high-curvature hydrophobic Cu dendrite was further integrated with a gas-extraction membrane, which demonstrated a comparable NH3 yield from the real reverse osmosis retentate brine.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) results from the rapid deterioration of renal function, which is mainly treated by transplantation and dialysis, and has a high mortality rate. Inflammation induced by excess reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) plays a crucial role in AKI. Although small molecule antioxidants have been utilized to alleviate AKI, low bioavailability and side-effect of these drugs tremendously limit their clinical use. Hence, we successfully construct ultra-small (2-4 nm) rhodium nanoparticles modified with l-serine (denoted as Rh-Ser). Our results show that Rh-Ser with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities, allows remove various RONS to protect damaged kidney cells. Additionally, the ultrasmall size of Rh-Ser is conducive to enrichment in the renal tubules, and the modification of l-serine enables Rh-Ser to bind to kidney injury molecule-1, which is highly expressed on the surface of damaged renal cells, thereby targeting the damaged kidney and increasing the retention time. Moreover, Rh-Ser allows the production of oxygen at the inflammatory site, thus further improving hypoxia and inhibiting pro-inflammatory macrophages to relieve inflammation, and increasing the survival rate of AKI mice from 0 to 80%, which exhibits a better therapeutic effect than that of small molecule drug. Photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging can effectively monitor and evaluate the enrichment and therapeutic effect of Rh-Ser. Our study provides a promising strategy for the targeted treatment of AKI via RONS scavenging and inflammatory regulation.
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Injúria Renal Aguda , Ródio , Camundongos , Animais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Oxigênio , Ródio/farmacologia , Espécies Reativas de Nitrogênio/efeitos adversos , Medicina de Precisão , Rim , Injúria Renal Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Injúria Renal Aguda/induzido quimicamente , Injúria Renal Aguda/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , SerinaRESUMO
Background: Cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel indicator for predicting the risk of obesity-related diseases. We aimed to determine the relationships of CMI with insulin resistance (IR), impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using NHANES data from 1999 to 2020. Methods: After CMI values were estimated, weighted univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to ascertain whether CMI was an independent risk indicator for IR, IFG, and T2DM. Furthermore, stratified analyses and interaction analyses were carried out to investigate the heterogeneity of correlations across various subgroups. Subsequently, restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to examine nonlinear relationships. Results: 21,304 US adults were enrolled in our study, of whom 5,326 (22.38%) had IR, 4,706 (20.17%) had IFG, and 3,724 (13.02%) had T2DM. In the studied population, a higher CMI index value was significantly associated with an elevated likelihood of IR, IFG, and T2DM. In the RCS regression model, the relationship between CMI and IR, IFG, and T2DM was identified as nonlinear. A nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship was found between CMI and IFG, and an inverse L-shaped association was observed between CMI and IR, CMI and T2DM. The cut-off values of CMI were 1.35, 1.48, and 1.30 for IR, IFG, and T2DM, respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicate that CMI was positively correlated with an increase in IR, IFG, and T2DM in the studied population. CMI may be a simple and effective surrogate indicator of IR, IFG, and T2DM.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Resistência à Insulina , Estado Pré-Diabético , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Glicemia , Jejum , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objective. Although inter-beat intervals (IBI) and the derived heart rate variability (HRV) can be acquired through consumer-grade photoplethysmography (PPG) wristbands and have been applied in a variety of physiological and psychophysiological conditions, their accuracy is still unsatisfactory.Approach.In this study, 30 healthy participants concurrently wore two wristbands (E4 and Honor 5) and a gold-standard electrocardiogram (ECG) device under four conditions: resting, deep breathing with a frequency of 0.17 Hz and 0.1 Hz, and mental stress tasks. To quantitatively validate the accuracy of IBI acquired from PPG wristbands, this study proposed to apply an information-based similarity (IBS) approach to quantify the pattern similarity of the underlying dynamical temporal structures embedded in IBI time series simultaneously recorded using PPG wristbands and the ECG system. The occurrence frequency of basic patterns and their rankings were analyzed to calculate the IBS distance from gold-standard IBI, and to further calculate the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the wristband IBI time series.Main results.The accuracies of both HRV and mental state classification were not satisfactory due to the low SNR in the wristband IBI. However, by rejecting data segments of SNR < 25, the Pearson correlation coefficients between the wristbands' HRV and the gold-standard HRV were increased from 0.542 ± 0.235 to 0.922 ± 0.120 for E4 and from 0.596 ± 0.227 to 0.859 ± 0.145 for Honor 5. The average accuracy of four-class mental state classification increased from 77.3% to 81.9% for E4 and from 79.3% to 83.3% for Honor 5.Significance.Consumer-grade PPG wristbands are acceptable for HR and HRV monitoring when removing low SNR segments. The proposed method can be applied for quantifying the accuracies of IBI and HRV indices acquired via any non-ECG system.
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Determinação da Frequência Cardíaca , Fotopletismografia , Humanos , Fotopletismografia/métodos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Monitorização Fisiológica , Eletrocardiografia/métodosRESUMO
The efficient extraction of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is challenging due to their extremely low concentration, complicated matrices and hydrophilicity. Herein, hollow microspheres, as an ideal coating, possess significant potential for solid-phase microextraction (SPME) due to their fascinating properties. In this study, multiwalled carbon nanotube hollow microspheres (MWCNT-HMs) were utilized as a fiber coating for the SPME of PAEs from tea beverages. MWCNT-HMs were obtained by dissolving the polystyrene (PS) cores with organic solvents. Interestingly, MWCNT-HMs well maintain the morphology of the MWCNTs@PS precursors. The layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of MWCNTs on PS microsphere templates was achieved through electrostatic interactions. Six PAEs, di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP), were selected as target analytes for assessing the efficiency of the coating for SPME. The stirring rate, sample solution pH and extraction time were optimized by using the Box-Behnken design. Under optimal working conditions, the proposed MWCNT-HMs/SPME was coupled with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to achieve high enrichment factors (118-2137), wide linearity (0.0004-10 µg L-1), low limits of detection (0.00011-0.0026 µg L-1) and acceptable recovery (80.2-108.5%) for the detection of PAEs. Therefore, the MWCNT-HM coated fibers are promising alternatives in the SPME method for the sensitive detection of PAEs at trace levels in tea beverages.
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Nanotubos de Carbono , Ácidos Ftálicos , Microextração em Fase Sólida/métodos , Microesferas , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas/métodos , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Ácidos Ftálicos/análise , Ácidos Ftálicos/química , Bebidas/análise , CháRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to prepare a novel kind of flaxseed oil (FO)/beeswax oleogel system and apply it to improve the properties of sodium alginate films. Three single factors, namely the ratio of beeswax/FO, the addition of oleogel, and the addition of glycerol, were optimized based on the comprehensive score of film characteristics: elongation at break (EAB), tensile strength (TS), hydroxyl radical clearance (HRC), and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film. When the ratio of beeswax/FO was 7.807%, the addition of oleogel was 4.829%, and the addition of glycerol was 31.088%, the comprehensive score of the film characteristics was maximum. Moreover, the Decapterus maruadsi preserved by the produced films were assessed for drip loss, pH, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and fatty acids composition. In comparison to the control, the produced films incorporated with linseed oil/beeswax oleogel had a longer shelf-life than Decapterus maruadsi. In conclusion, the oleogel system prepared via linseed oil/beeswax had good stability and hydrophobicity, which can significantly improve the characteristics of the film and extend the shelf-life of Decapterus maruadsi.
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BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common neurosurgical complication after brain tumor resection, and its prophylaxis has been widely studied. There are no effective drugs in the clinical management of venous thromboembolism, and there is an absence of evidence-based medicine concerning the treatment of severe multiple traumas. AIM: To explore whether ulinastatin (UTI) can prevent VTE after brain tumor resection. METHODS: The present research included patients who underwent brain tumor resection. Patients received UTIs (400,000 IU) or placebos utilizing computer-based random sequencing (in a 1:1 ratio). The primary outcome measures were the incidence of VTE, coagulation function, pulmonary emboli, liver function, renal function, and drug-related adverse effects. RESULTS: A total of 405 patients were evaluated between January 2019 and December 2021, and 361 of these were initially enrolled in the study to form intention-to-treat, which was given UTI (n = 180) or placebo (n = 181) treatment in a random manner. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline clinical data between the two groups. The incidence of VTE in the UTI group was remarkably improved compared with that in the placebo group. UTI can improve coagulation dysfunction, pulmonary emboli, liver function, and renal function. No significant difference was identified between the two groups in the side effects of UTI-induced diarrhea, vomiting, hospital stays, or hospitalization costs. The incidence of allergies was higher in the UTI group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION: The findings from the present research indicated that UTI can decrease the incidence of VTE and clinical outcomes of patients after brain tumor resection and has fewer adverse reactions.
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The salt [K(18-crown-6)]2[Ru(CN)2(CO)3] ([K(18-crown-6)]2[1]) was generated by the reaction of Ru(C2H4)(CO)4 with [K(18-crown-6)]CN. An initial thermal reaction gives [Ru(CN)(CO)4]-, which, upon ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, reacts with a second equiv of CN-. Protonation of [1]2- gave [HRu(CN)2(CO)3]- ([H1]-), which was isolated as a single isomer with mutually trans cyanide ligands. The complex cis,cis,cis-[Ru(pdt)(CN)2(CO)2]2- ([2]2-) was prepared by the UV-induced reaction of [1]2- with propanedithiol (pdtH2). The corresponding iron complex cis,cis,cis-[Fe(pdt)(CN)2(CO)2]2- ([3]2-) was prepared similarly. The pdt complexes [2]2- and [3]2- were treated with Fe(benzylideneacetone)(CO)3 to give, respectively, [RuFe (µ-pdt)(CN)2(CO)4]2- ([5]2-) and [Fe2(µ-pdt)(CN)2(CO)4]2- ([4]2-). The pathway from [3]2- to Fe2 complex [4]2- implicates intermetallic migration of CN-. In contrast, the formation of [5]2- leaves the Ru(CN)2(CO) center intact, as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The structure of [5]2- features a "rotated" square-pyramidal Fe(CO)2(µ-CO) site. NMR measurements indicate that the octahedral Ru site is stereochemically rigid, whereas the Fe site dynamically undergoes turnstile rotation. 57Fe Mössbauer spectral parameters are very similar for rotated [5]2- and unrotated Fe2 complex [4]2-, indicating the insensitivity of that technique to both the geometry and the oxidation state of the Fe site. According to cyclic voltammetry, [5]2- oxidizes at E1/2 â¼ -0.8 V vs Fc+/0. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements show that 1e- oxidation of [5]2- gives an S = 1/2 rhombic species, consistent with the formulation Ru(II)Fe(I), related to the Hox state of the [FeFe] hydrogenases. Density functional theory (DFT) studies reproduce the structure, 1H NMR shifts, and infrared (IR) spectra observed for [5]2-. Related homometallic complexes with both cyanides on a single metal are predicted to not adopt rotated structures. These data suggest that [5]2- is best described as Ru(II)Fe(0). This conclusion raises the possibility that for some reduced states of the [FeFe]-hydrogenases, the [2Fe]H site may be better described as Fe(II)Fe(0) than Fe(I)Fe(I).
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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/D3SC01546G.].
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In this paper, the problem of multiplayer hierarchical decision-making problem for non-affine systems is solved by adaptive dynamic programming. Firstly, the control dynamics are obtained according to the theory of dynamic feedback and combined with the original system dynamics to construct the affine augmented system. Thus, the non-affine multiplayer system is transformed into a general affine form. Then, the hierarchical decision problem is modeled as a Stackelberg game. In the Stackelberg game, the leader makes a decision based on the information of all followers, whereas the followers do not know each other's information and only obtain their optimal control strategy based on the leader's decision. Then, the augmented system is reconstructed by a neural network (NN) using input-output data. Moreover, a single critic NN is used to approximate the value function to obtain the optimal control strategy for each player. An extra term added to the weight update law makes the initial admissible control law no longer needed. According to the Lyapunov theory, the state of the system and the error of the weights of the NN are both uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the feasibility and validity of the algorithm are confirmed by simulation.
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Redes Neurais de Computação , Dinâmica não Linear , Simulação por Computador , Algoritmos , RetroalimentaçãoRESUMO
Heavy metal contamination continues to be a persistent environmental problem. To address this issue, this study evaluated the impact of air nanobubbles (NBs) in water on the uptake of heavy metals by Alternanthera philoxeroides (A. philoxeroides), a common aquatic plant in China known for its rapid growth, strong vitality, and high capacity for heavy metal remediation. This study found that diluted air NBs (25% concentration) boosted cadmium uptake of A. philoxeroides by 17.39%. They also enhanced plant growth (25-50%) and photosynthetic pigments (10-20%) even at low cadmium levels (0.1 mM). Furthermore, the incorporation of 25% air NBs has been demonstrated to significantly amplify the performance of key antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, alongside heightened levels of crucial antioxidants such as malondialdehyde. This heightened activity of antioxidant defenses offers a compelling explanation for the potential amelioration of cadmium toxicity and concurrent enhancements in overall plant growth rates. Notably, a comprehensive analysis utilizing the excitation emission matrix-parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC) technique has revealed alterations in the composition of rhizosphere dissolved organic matter due to the presence of NBs. This ncomposition change of the rhizosphere dissolved organic mattermposition has subsequently exerted an influence on plant complexation processes and the subsequent uptake of cadmium. This study demonstrates that the strategic implementation of air NBs in water systems holds the potential to significantly enhance the plant's ability to detoxify cadmium and improve the uptake of heavy metals during phytoremediation processes.
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Cádmio , Metais Pesados , Cádmio/análise , Biodegradação Ambiental , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Água/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Plantas/metabolismoRESUMO
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is an aggressive malignancy of the digestive system with increasing incidence and mortality rates. The biological roles of microRNA (miR)-378a-3p in tumor cells remain contested, and the mechanisms underlying the functions, energy metabolism, and cell survival mechanisms in ESCC cells are yet to be fully elucidated. In the present study, miR-378a-3p overexpression and negative control plasmids were transfected into ECA-109 cells using electroporation. Western blotting was used to detect the relative expression of proteins, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis. Subsequently, ELISA assays were performed to determine enzyme activity, and an ATP detection kit was used to measure ATP content. Dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify the target genes of miR-378a-3p. The results of the present study demonstrated that miR-378a-3p inhibited the gene expression and enzyme activities of glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT-1), Aldolase A (ALDOA), and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), all of which are involved in the glycolytic pathway of cells. Energy metabolism was suppressed by miR-378a-3p by reducing ATP content, and this downregulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Survivin. Moreover, increased miR-378a-3p expression promoted cell apoptosis in the early stages by increasing the expression levels and the activity of Bad and Caspase-3, while inhibiting the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Survivin. The results of the present study also demonstrated that GLUT-1/ALDOA/PKM2 were target genes of miR-378a-3p. Notably, miR-378a-3p blocked energy production and promoted the apoptosis of tumor cells via the downregulation of glycolytic enzyme expression and by reducing the mitochondrial membrane potential in ESCC. Bad, Caspase-3, Survivin, and Bcl-2 may be associated with blocking energy production and promoting apoptosis via miR-378a-3p in ESCC cells.
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Reaction of the nitrosylated-iron metallodithiolate ligand, paramagnetic (NO)Fe(N2S2), with [M(CH3CN)n][BF4]2 salts (M = NiII, PdII, and PtII; n = 4 or 6) affords di-radical tri-metallic complexes in a stairstep type arrangement ([FeMFe]2+, M = Ni, Pd, and Pt), with the central group 10 metal held in a MS4 square plane. These isostructural compounds have nearly identical ν(NO) stretching values, isomer shifts, and electrochemical properties, but vary in their magnetic properties. Despite the intramolecular Feâ¯Fe distances of ca. 6 Å, antiferromagnetic coupling is observed between {Fe(NO)}7 units as established by magnetic susceptibility, EPR, and DFT studies. The superexchange interaction through the thiolate sulfur and central metal atoms is on the order of NiII < PdII ⪠PtII with exchange coupling constants (J) of -3, -23, and -124 cm-1, consistent with increased covalency of the M-S bonds (3d < 4d < 5d). This trend is reproduced by DFT calculations with molecular orbital analysis providing insight into the origin of the enhancement in the exchange interaction. Specifically, the magnitude of the exchange interaction correlates surprisingly well with the energy difference between the HOMO and HOMO-1 orbitals of the triplet states, which is reflected in the central metal's contribution to these orbitals. These results demonstrate the ability of sulfur-dense metallodithiolate ligands to engender strong magnetic communication by virtue of their enhanced covalency and polarizability.