Rapid and highly sensitive colorimetric LAMP assay and integrated device for visual detection of monkeypox virus.

BACKGROUND: The monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a linear double-stranded DNA virus with a large genome that causes tens of thousands of infections and hundreds of deaths in at least 40 countries and regions worldwide. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnostic testing could be an important measure to prevent the ongoing spread of MPXV and widespread epidemics. RESULTS: Here, we designed multiple sets of primers for the target region of MPXV for loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection and identified the optimal primer set. Then, the specificity in fluorescent LAMP detection was verified using the plasmids containing the target gene, pseudovirus and other DNA/RNA viruses. We also evaluated the sensitivity of the colorimetric LAMP detection system using the plasmid and pseudovirus samples, respectively. Besides, we used monkeypox pseudovirus to simulate real samples for detection. Subsequent to the establishment and introduction of a magnetic beads (MBs)-based nucleic acid extraction technique, an integrated device was developed, characterized by rapidity, high sensitivity, and remarkable specificity. This portable system demonstrated a visual detection limit of 137 copies/mL, achieving sample-to-answer detection within 1 h. SIGNIFICANCE: The device has the advantages of integration, simplicity, miniaturization, and visualization, which help promote the realization of accurate, rapid, portable, and low-cost testing. Meanwhile, this platform could facilitate efficient, cost-effective and easy-operable point-of-care testing (POCT) in diverse resource-limited settings in addition to the laboratory.

Research on the effect of water-cooling steel pipe on preventing spontaneous combustion of coal pile and its thermal migration behavior.

During the storage and transportation process after mining, coal piles are placed in open environments, making them prone to self-heating and spontaneous combustion due to the nature of coal and factors like natural wind flow. In recent years, there have been frequent spontaneous combustion incidents involving coal piles, posing significant safety risks. To effectively prevent and control spontaneous combustion disasters in open-air coal storage piles, we propose a method involving the arrangement of water-cooling steel pipes within the coal piles. This method applies theories of coal spontaneous combustion mechanisms, porous media heat transfer, and non-isothermal pipeline heat transfer. The multi-physics coupling model of COMSOL numerical simulation software is used to analyze the spontaneous ignition process and prevention effect of open pit coal pile. In the model, the thin material transfer of porous media is taken as the oxygen concentration field, the heat transfer of porous media is taken as the temperature field, and the free and porous media flow is taken as the air seepage velocity field. The simulation results of the spontaneous combustion process in the coal pile indicate that the high-temperature zone of spontaneous combustion is situated within the range of 0.5 ~ 1.5 m inside the wind-facing surface and extends 0.5 m above the ground level. These findings serve as a basis for determining the optimal placement of water-cooling steel pipes within the coal pile. The simulation results of a single water-cooling steel pipe demonstrate a positive correlation between the cooling effect on the coal pile and the water cool flow, and a negative correlation with the water cool temperature. Additionally, the cooling radius of the water-cooling steel pipe is determined by the circumference of the pipe and remains unaffected by the water cool flow. Finally, simulations were conducted to evaluate the cooling effect of multiple rows of steel pipes, and optimal arrangement parameters were determined: a center distance between steel pipes of 1 m and a water cool flow rate of 1500 L/min. As a result, the onset of the self-heating period in the coal pile was delayed by 11 days, and the spontaneous combustion period was extended by 56 days. The arrangement of water-cooling steel pipes in the coal pile has demonstrated significant efficacy in preventing and controlling spontaneous combustion.

Spectroscopic studies of the role of dissolved organic matter in acenaphthene photodegradation in liquid water and ice.

The effect of concentration and origin of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on acenaphthene (Ace) photodegradation in liquid water and ice was investigated, and the components in DOM which were involved in Ace photodegradation were identified. The DOM samples included Suwannee River fulvic acid (SRFA), Elliott soil humic acid (ESHA), and an effluent organic matter (EfOM) sample. Due to the production of hydroxyl radical (•OH) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) which react with Ace, DOM had promotion effects on Ace photodegradation. However, the promotion effects of DOM were prevailed over by their suppressing effect of DOM including screening light effect, intermediates reducing effect and RS quenching effect, and thus, the photodegradation rates of Ace decreased in the presence of the three DOM with concentrations of 0.5-7.5 mg C/L in liquid water and ice. ESHA had higher light absorption and thus had higher screening light effect on Ace photodegradation in liquid water than SRFA and EfOM. At each DOM concentration, ESHA exhibited higher promotion effect on Ace photodegradation than SRFA and EfOM, in liquid water and ice. The binding of Ace with DOM was indicated by decreases in fluorescence intensity of Ace when coexisted with DOM. However, the binding of Ace to DOM played an unimportant role in suppressing Ace photodegradation. The photodegradation behavior of fluorophores in Ace with DOM present in ice was not similar to that in liquid water. C-O, C═O, carboxyl groups O-H and aliphatic C-H functional groups in DOM were involved in the interaction of DOM with Ace. The presence of Ace seemed to have no influence on the photodegradation behavior of functional groups in DOM.

Low-Toxicity and High-Efficiency Streptomyces Genome Editing Tool Based on the Miniature Type V-F CRISPR/Cas Nuclease AsCas12f1.

Genome editing tools based on SpCas9 and FnCpf1 have facilitated strain improvements for natural product production and novel drug discovery in Streptomyces. However, due to high toxicity, their editing requires high DNA transformation efficiency, which is unavailable in most streptomycetes. The transformation efficiency of an all-in-one editing tool based on miniature Cas nuclease AsCas12f1 was significantly higher than those of SpCas9 and FnCpf1 in tested streptomycetes, which is due to its small size and weak DNA cleavage activity. Using this tool, in Streptomyces coelicolor, we achieved 100% efficiency for single gene or gene cluster deletion and 46.7 and 40% efficiency for simultaneous deletion of two genes and two gene clusters, respectively. AsCas12f1 was successfully extended to Streptomyces hygroscopicus SIPI-054 for efficient genome editing, in which SpCas9/FnCpf1 does not work well. Collectively, this work offers a low-toxicity, high-efficiency genome editing tool for streptomycetes, particularly those with low DNA transformation efficiency.

Nudix hydrolase WvNUDX24 is involved in borneol biosynthesis in Wurfbainia villosa.

Borneol, camphor, and bornyl acetate are highly promising monoterpenoids widely used in medicine, flavor, food, and chemical applications. Bornyl diphosphate (BPP) serves as a common precursor for the biosynthesis of these monoterpenoids. Although bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) that catalyzes the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate (GPP) to BPP has been identified in multiple plants, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of BPP to produce borneol has not been reported. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo functional characterization to identify the Nudix hydrolase WvNUDX24 from W. villosa, which specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of BPP to generate bornyl phosphate (BP), and then BP forms borneol under the action of phosphatase. Subcellular localization experiments indicated that the hydrolysis of BPP likely occurs in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis experiments revealed that four critical residues (R84, S96, P98, and G99) for the hydrolysis activity of WvNUDX24. Additionally, the functional identification of phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) demonstrated that WvPAP5 and WvPAP10 were able to hydrolyze geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to generate geranylgeranyl phosphate (GGP) and farnesyl phosphate (FP), respectively, but could not hydrolyze BPP, GPP, and neryl diphosphate (NPP) to produce corresponding monophosphate products. These findings highlight the essential role of WvNUDX24 in the first step of BPP hydrolysis to produce borneol and provide genetic elements for the production of BPP-related terpenoids through plant metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.

The association of childhood trauma with suicidality in adult psychiatric patients: The mediating role of NSSI and the moderating role of self-esteem.

BACKGROUND: The contribution of specific childhood trauma subtypes to suicidal thoughts and the associated mechanisms remains unclear, particularly in psychiatric patients. METHODS: Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 449 psychiatric patients aged 18-73. Childhood trauma, self-esteem, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidality were assessed retrospectively. Regression and moderated mediation model were employed to examine these relationships. RESULTS: Emotional and sexual abuse were independently associated with suicidality. Female patients reported higher levels of emotional and sexual abuse, lower self-esteem, and a heightened risk of suicide. Self-esteem moderated the links between childhood trauma and NSSI, as well as between NSSI and suicidality. NSSI served as a mediator between childhood trauma and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide prevention in mentally ill patients should involve targeted programs addressing specific childhood trauma. Additionally, psychological interventions to enhance self-esteem and assist individuals engaging in NSSI behavior are crucial.

Inversion of magnetic diameter distribution of magnetic fluids under high and low temperatures.

The magnetic diameter is a crucial factor affecting the magnetic properties of magnetic fluids. The magnetic diameter distribution can be estimated based on the magnetic properties. However, the magnetic dipole interaction of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and the variation of the magnetic diameter with temperature have received relatively little attention in previous research. Hence, this research proposes the AP-MMF1-L method to inverse the magnetic diameter which considers the magnetic dipole interaction and derives the magnetic diameter at different temperatures. Firstly, the AP-MMF1-L uses the least square method between the first-order modified mean-field Langevin function (MMF1-L) and the measured magnetization curve as the objective function. Meanwhile, the hybrid Artificial bee colony-particle swarm (AP) optimization algorithm is introduced to inverse the optimal magnetic diameter distribution. Secondly, the hydrodynamic diameter distribution experimental values are compared with the theoretical values, demonstrating the AP-MMF1-L method obtains accurate inversion results of the magnetic diameter distribution when compared to other models. Finally, the arithmetic mean of the magnetic diameter at different temperatures is investigated, revealing a decreasing trend as the temperature rises, approximately following a linear distribution. The AP-MMF1-L provides a novel and effective tool for accurately determining the magnetic diameter of the MNPs across various temperatures.

Effect of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring on the photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ice.

The effect of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring on the photodegradation of anthracene (Ant) and pyrene (Pyr) in ice was investigated. The present study aims to explore the inhibition mechanism of five dissolved organic matter (DOM) model compounds' materials such as benzoic acid, o-hydroxybenzoic acid, m-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 3-phenyl propionic acid on the degradation of Ant and Pyr in ice. The photodegradation rate of Ant and Pyr were 50.33 and 37.44% in ice, with the photodegradation rate of Ant being greater than that of Pyr. The five DOM model compounds inhibited the photolysis of Ant and Pyr, and the influence mechanism on the photodegradation of Ant and Pyr depended upon the types and positions of functional groups on the benzene. Among them, the structure in which the carboxyl group was directly connected to the benzene ring and carboxyl was located at the ortho position of a hydroxy group had a strong inhibitory effect on the photodegradation of Ant and Pyr. Light-screening effects and quenching effects were the main inhibiting mechanism, and the binding ability of DOM model compounds material and PAHs is dominantly correlated with its inhibiting effect.

Effect of dissolved organic matter on sulfachloropyridazine photolysis in liquid water and ice.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an ubiquitous component of environmental snow and ice, which can absorb light and produce reactive species (RS) and thus is of importance in ice photochemistry. The photodegradation of sulfachloropyridazine (SCP) without and with DOM present in liquid water and ice were investigated in this study. The photodegradation rate constants for SCP without DOM present was enhanced by 52.5 % in ice relative to liquid water, likely due to the enhanced role of SCP self-sensitized RS in ice. DOM significantly promoted SCP photolysis in both liquid water and ice, which was mainly attributed to roles of singlet oxygen (1O2) and triplet excited-state DOM (3DOM*) generated from DOM. 1O2 production from DOM was significantly enhanced in ice relative to liquid water. Hydroxyl radical (•OH) production from DOM in ice was similar to those in liquid water. Enhancement in 3DOM* production in ice was observed at low DOM concentrations. Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) and Elliott Soil Humic Acid (ESHA) exhibited differences in RS production in liquid water and ice, as well as in enhancement of 1O2 and 3DOM* produced in ice relative to liquid water. DOM induced reaction pathways of SCP different from those without DOM present, and therefore affected toxicity of SCP photoproducts. There were differences in photodegradation pathways of SCP as well as in toxicity of SCP photoproducts between liquid water and ice.

Clinical and cognitive effects of external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) in neurological and psychiatric disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This pre-registered (CRD42022322038) systematic review and meta-analysis investigated clinical and cognitive outcomes of external trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) in neurological and psychiatric disorders. PubMed, OVID, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP database for Chinese technical periodicals were searched (until 16/03/2022) to identify trials investigating cognitive and clinical outcomes of eTNS in neurological or psychiatric disorders. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs), while the Risk of Bias of Non-Randomized Studies (ROBINS-I) assessed single-arm trials. Fifty-five peer-reviewed articles based on 48 (27 RCTs; 21 single-arm) trials were included, of which 12 trials were meta-analyzed (N participants = 1048; of which ~3% ADHD, ~3% Epilepsy, ~94% Migraine; age range: 10-49 years). The meta-analyses showed that migraine pain intensity (K trials = 4, N = 485; SMD = 1.03, 95% CI[0.84-1.23]) and quality of life (K = 2, N = 304; SMD = 1.88, 95% CI[1.22-2.53]) significantly improved with eTNS combined with anti-migraine medication. Dimensional measures of depression improved with eTNS across 3 different disorders (K = 3, N = 111; SMD = 0.45, 95% CI[0.01-0.88]). eTNS was well-tolerated, with a good adverse event profile across disorders. eTNS is potentially clinically relevant in other disorders, but well-blinded, adequately powered RCTs must replicate findings and support optimal dosage guidance.

Transcriptome analysis reveals the role of Zelda in the regulation of embryonic and wing development of Tribolium castaneum.

Zinc finger protein (Zelda) of Tribolium castaneum (TcZelda) has been showed to play pivotal roles in embryonic development and metamorphosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of TcZelda associated with these physiology processes is unclear. Herein, the developmental expression profile showed that Zelda of T. castaneum was highly expressed in early eggs. Tissue expression profiling revealed that TcZelda was mainly expressed in the larval head and adult ovary of late adults and late larvae. TcZelda knockdown led to a 95% mortality rate in adults. These results suggested that TcZelda is related to the activation of the zygote genome in early embryonic development. Furthermore, 592 differentially expressed genes were identified from the dsZelda treated group. Compared with the control group, altered disjunction (ALD) and AGAP005368-PA (GAP) in the dsZelda group were significantly down-regulated, while TGF-beta, propeptide (TGF) was significantly up-regulated, suggesting that TcZelda may be involved in insect embryonic development. In addition, the expression of Ubx ultrabithorax (UBX), Cx cephalothorax (CX), En engrailed (EN), and two Endocuticle structural glycoprotein sgabd (ABD) genes were significantly down-regulated, suggesting that they may cooperate with TcZelda to regulate the development of insect wings. Additionally, Elongation (ELO), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and fatty acyl-CoA desaturase (FAD) expression was inhibited in dsZelda insects, which could disturb the lipase signaling pathways, thus, disrupting the insect reproductive system and pheromone synthesis. These results may help reveal the function of TcZelda in insects and the role of certain genes in the gene regulatory network and provide new ideas for the prevention and control of T. castaneum.

Comparing genomes of Fructus Amomi-producing species reveals genetic basis of volatile terpenoid divergence.

Wurfbainia longiligularis and Wurfbainia villosa are both rich in volatile terpenoids and are 2 primary plant sources of Fructus Amomi used for curing gastrointestinal diseases. Metabolomic profiling has demonstrated that bornyl diphosphate (BPP)-related terpenoids are more abundant in the W. villosa seeds and have a wider tissue distribution in W. longiligularis. To explore the genetic mechanisms underlying the volatile terpenoid divergence, a high-quality chromosome-level genome of W. longiligularis (2.29 Gb, contig N50 of 80.39 Mb) was assembled. Functional characterization of 17 terpene synthases (WlTPSs) revealed that WlBPPS, along with WlTPS 24/26/28 with bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) activity, contributes to the wider tissue distribution of BPP-related terpenoids in W. longiligularis compared to W. villosa. Furthermore, transgenic Nicotiana tabacum showed that the GCN4-motif element positively regulates seed expression of WvBPPS and thus promotes the enrichment of BPP-related terpenoids in W. villosa seeds. Systematic identification and analysis of candidate TPS in 29 monocot plants from 16 families indicated that substantial expansion of TPS-a and TPS-b subfamily genes in Zingiberaceae may have driven increased diversity and production of volatile terpenoids. Evolutionary analysis and functional identification of BPPS genes showed that BPP-related terpenoids may be distributed only in the Zingiberaceae of monocot plants. This research provides valuable genomic resources for breeding and improving Fructus Amomi with medicinal and edible value and sheds light on the evolution of terpenoid biosynthesis in Zingiberaceae.

Joint Diagnostic Method of Tumor Tissue Based on Hyperspectral Spectral-Spatial Transfer Features.

In order to improve the clinical application of hyperspectral technology in the pathological diagnosis of tumor tissue, a joint diagnostic method based on spectral-spatial transfer features was established by simulating the actual clinical diagnosis process and combining micro-hyperspectral imaging with large-scale pathological data. In view of the limited sample volume of medical hyperspectral data, a multi-data transfer model pre-trained on conventional pathology datasets was applied to the classification task of micro-hyperspectral images, to explore the differences in spectral-spatial transfer features in the wavelength of 410-900 nm between tumor tissues and normal tissues. The experimental results show that the spectral-spatial transfer convolutional neural network (SST-CNN) achieved a classification accuracy of 95.46% for the gastric cancer dataset and 95.89% for the thyroid cancer dataset, thus outperforming models trained on single conventional digital pathology and single hyperspectral data. The joint diagnostic method established based on SST-CNN can complete the interpretation of a section of data in 3 min, thus providing a new technical solution for the rapid diagnosis of pathology. This study also explored problems involving the correlation between tumor tissues and typical spectral-spatial features, as well as the efficient transformation of conventional pathological and transfer spectral-spatial features, which solidified the theoretical research on hyperspectral pathological diagnosis.

A ratiometric, colorimetric fluorescent probe with a large emission shift for the rapid detection of diethyl chlorophosphate.

A new ratiometric and colorimetric probe (SWJT-16) based on the isophorone skeleton to detect diethyl chlorophosphite (DCP), a nerve agent mimic, was designed and synthesized. SWJT-16 underwent a nucleophilic substitution reaction with DCP in DMF, leading to a large emission shift (Δλem = 174 nm) accompanied by a significant color change from blue to yellow under visible light. All these changes occurred within 6 seconds, faster than those of most reported ratiometric fluorescent probes for DCP. Furthermore, SWJT-16 was successfully employed to monitor gaseous DCP.

A Turn-On and Colorimetric Probe Based on Isophorone Skeleton for Detecting Nerve Agent Mimic Diethyl Chlorophosphite.

A new turn-on probe (SWJT-20) based on isophorone fluorophore for the detection of nerve agent mimic diethyl chlorophosphite (DCP) was designed and synthesized. SWJT-20 could rapidly respond to DCP within 2 s using UV-Vis or fluorescent spectra, accompanied by a significant change in the solution color under visible light or UV light, which could be observed by the naked eyes. The detection limit of SWJT-20 to DCP was as low as 8.3 nM, which is lower than those of most reported fluorescent probes for DCP detection. Additionally, SWJT-20 could quantitatively measure DCP using ratio changes in A427/A645 in absorption spectra. Furthermore, facile paper as sensors with the visualization of colorimetric/fluorometric responses based on SWJT-20 has been fabricated. Notably, this probe could detect DCP vapor through gas diffusion experiments.

Fibroadipose vascular anomaly: a clinicopathological study of 75 cases.

AIMS: Fibroadipose vascular anomaly (FAVA) is a complex vascular malformation that is likely to be under-recognised. In this study we aimed to report the pathological features and somatic PIK3CA mutations associated with the most common clinicopathological features. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cases were identified by reviewing the lesions resected from patients with FAVA registered at our Haemangioma Surgery Centre and unusual intramuscular vascular anomalies in our pathology database. There were 23 males and 52 females, who ranged in age from 1 to 51 years. Most cases occurred in the lower extremities (n = 62). The majority of the lesions were intramuscular, with a few disrupting the overlying fascia and involving subcutaneous fat (19 of 75), and a minority of the cases had cutaneous vascular stains (13 of 75). Histopathologically, the lesion was composed of anomalous vascular components that were intertwined with mature adipocytic and dense fibrous tissues and vascular components with: (a) clusters of thin-walled channels, some with blood-filled nodules and others with thin walls resembling pulmonary alveoli; (b) numerous small vessels (arteries, veins and indeterminate channels) - proliferative small blood vessels were often mixed with adipose tissue; (c) larger abnormal venous channels usually irregularly and sometimes excessively muscularised; (d) lymphoid aggregates or lymphoplasmacytic aggregates were usually observed; and (e) lymphatic malformations were sometimes seen as minor elements. All patients had their lessons subjected to PCR, and 53 patients had somatic PIK3CA mutations (53 of 75). CONCLUSIONS: FAVA is a slow-flow vascular malformation with specific clinicopathological and molecular characteristics. Its recognition is fundamental for its clinical/prognostic implications and for targeted therapy.

Cytochrome P450 gene CYP6BQ8 mediates terpinen-4-ol susceptibility in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).

Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) in insects can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. This study describes the identification of a P450 gene (CYP6BQ8) from Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and investigation of its spatiotemporal expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, a component of plant essential oils. The developmental expression profile showed that TcCYP6BQ8 expression was relatively higher in early- and late-larval stages of T. castaneum compared with other developmental stages. Tissue expression profiles showed that TcCYP6BQ8 was mainly expressed in the head and integument of both larvae and adults. The expression profiling of TcCYP6BQ8 in developmental stages and tissues is closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. TcCYP6BQ8 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA interference against TcCYP6BQ8 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.78 to 66.67%. This indicates that TcCYP6BQ8 may be involved in T. castaneum's metabolism of terpinen-4-ol. Correlation investigation between the CYP6BQ8 gene and terpinen-4-ol resistance in T. castaneum revealed that the TcCYP6BQ8 gene was one of the factors behind T. castaneum's resistance to terpinen-4-ol. This discovery may provide a new theoretical foundation for future regulation of T. castaneum.

Childhood Sexual Abuse and Associated Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among Gay and Bisexual Men in China: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a critical risk factor for suicidal ideation and attempts, especially among gay and bisexual men who experience living as a minority. However, whether internalized homophobia (IH) underlies suicide risk and the role of outness to one's family in this association warrants investigation to inform preventive interventions. Using a cross-sectional survey of 570 gay and bisexual men in China, we examined the relationship between CSA and suicidality in the Chinese context and tested a moderated mediation model in this relationship. Nearly 65.6% of the participants had experienced suicidal ideation and 36.8% had attempted suicide. Participants with a history of CSA had higher suicidal ideation (r = 0.33, p < .01) and attempts (r = 0.48, p < .01). Our bootstrapped mediation analysis showed that IH partially mediated the relationship between CSA and suicidal ideation and attempts. Moreover, outness to one's family (parents and other family members) strengthened the direct association of CSA and IH, and the indirect relationship between CSA and suicidal ideation and attempts. These findings highlight the significance of identifying risk factors and mechanisms for suicidality among Chinese gay and bisexual men, suggesting the importance of early intervention, especially for those who have experienced CSA, to eliminate their IH and to improve family support for coming out to prevent the onset of suicidal ideation and attempts.

The association between the deviation from balanced time perspective on adolescent pandemic mobile phone addiction: the moderating role of self-control and the mediating role of psychological distress.

Background: Few studies have examined the impact that the deviation from balanced time perspective (DBTP) had on mobile phone addiction during the COVID-19 normalization prevention and control phase. Therefore, this study sought to determine the associations between DBTP, depression and anxiety, self-control, and adolescent mobile phone addiction. Methods: The moderated mediating model was tested using the SPSS PROCESS model. The sample was 1,164 adolescents from different regional areas of Sichuan, China. From February to March 2020, participants completed the Zimbardo time perspective inventory (ZTPI), the brief symptom inventory for physical and mental health (BSI-18), the self-control scale (SCS), and the Chinese version of the mobile phone addiction index (MPAI). Results: The DBTP was significantly and positively correlated with mobile phone addiction, depressive and anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between DBTP and mobile phone addiction, self-control moderated the indirect effect of DBTP on mobile phone addiction, and as the level of self-control increased, the effect of DBTP on anxiety and depression and the effect of depression and anxiety on mobile phone addiction weakened. Conclusion: During the COVID-19 pandemic, DBTP and lower self-control were risk factors for higher mobile phone addiction in adolescents. Therefore, guiding adolescents to balance their time perspective and enhance their self-control could strengthen their psychological well-being and reduce addictive mobile phone behaviors. This research was supported by "Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education" (18YJCZH233): "Research on the plastic mechanism of decision-making impulsiveness of anxious groups in the context of risk society."

Episyrphus balteatus symbiont variation across developmental stages, living states, two sexes, and potential horizontal transmission from prey or environment.

Introduction: Episyrphus balteatus is one representative Syrphidae insect which can provide extensive pollination and pest control services. To date, the symbiont composition and potential acquisition approaches in Syrphidae remain unclear. Methods: Herein, we investigated microbiota dynamics across developmental stages, different living states, and two sexes in E. balteatus via full-length 16S rRNA genes sequencing, followed by an attempt to explore the possibility of symbiont transmission from prey Megoura crassicauda to the hoverfly. Results: Overall, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes were the dominant bacteria phyla with fluctuating relative abundances across the life stage. Cosenzaea myxofaciens is dominant in adulthood, while Enterococcus silesiacus and Morganella morganii dominate in larvae and pupae of E. balteatus, respectively. Unexpectedly, Serratia symbiotica, one facultative endosymbiont commonly harbored in aphids, was one of the predominant bacteria in larvae of E. balteatus, just behind Enterococcus silesiacus. In addition, S. symbiotica was also surprisingly most dominated in M. crassicauda aphids (92.1% relative abundance), which are significantly higher than Buchnera aphidicola (4.7% relative abundance), the primary obligate symbiont of most aphid species. Approximately 25% mortality was observed among newly emerged adults, of which microbiota was also disordered, similar to normally dying individuals. Sexually biased symbionts and 41 bacteria species with pairwise co-occurrence in E. balteatus and 23 biomarker species for each group were identified eventually. Functional prediction showed symbionts of hoverflies and aphids, both mainly focusing on metabolic pathways. In brief, we comprehensively explored the microbiome in one Syrphidae hoverfly using E. balteatus reared indoors on M. morganii as the model, revealed its dominated symbiont species, identified sexually biased symbionts, and found an aphid facultative endosymbiont inhabited in the hoverfly. We also found that the dominated symbiotic bacteria in M. crassicauda are S. symbiotica other than Buchnera aphidicola. Discussion: Taken together, this study provides new valuable resources about symbionts in hoverflies and prey aphids jointly, which will benefit further exploring the potential roles of microbiota in E. balteatus.