Morphological and Proteomic Analyses of Soybean Seedling Interaction Mechanism Affected by Fiber Crosslinked with Zinc-Oxide Nanoparticles.

Nanoparticles (NPs) enhance soybean growth; however, their precise mechanism is not clearly understood. To develop a more effective method using NPs for the enhancement of soybean growth, fiber crosslinked with zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs was prepared. The solution of ZnO NPs with 200 nm promoted soybean growth at the concentration of 10 ppm, while fibers crosslinked with ZnO NPs promoted growth at a 1 ppm concentration. Soybeans grown on fiber cross-linked with ZnO NPs had higher Zn content in their roots than those grown in ZnO NPs solution. To study the positive mechanism of fiber crosslinked with ZnO NPs on soybean growth, a proteomic technique was used. Proteins categorized in photosynthesis and secondary metabolism accumulated more in soybeans grown on fiber crosslinked with ZnO NPs than in those grown in ZnO NPs solution. Furthermore, significantly accumulated proteins, which were NADPH oxidoreductase and tubulins, were confirmed using immunoblot analysis. The abundance of NADPH oxidoreductase increased in soybean by ZnO NPs application. These results suggest that fiber crosslinked with ZnO NPs enhances soybean growth through the increase of photosynthesis and secondary metabolism. Additionally, the accumulation of NADPH oxidoreductase might relate to the effect of auxin with fiber crosslinked with ZnO NPs on soybean growth.

Highly chemo-, enantio-, and regioselective synthesis of α,α-disubstituted furanones by Cu-catalyzed conjugate addition.

A highly chemo-, enantio-, and regioselective synthesis of furanones bearing an α,α-disubstituted quaternary stereogenic center is reported. The Cu-catalyzed enantioselective conjugate addition of organoaluminum reagents to unsaturated ketoesters at room temperature and subsequent lactonization took place. Synthetic transformations of furanones represent facile approaches to various cyclic or acyclic compounds bearing a quaternary stereogenic center.

Effect of multinuclear copper/aluminum complexes in highly asymmetric conjugate addition of trimethylaluminum to acyclic enones.

Al and friends: asymmetric conjugate addition of Me(3)Al to ß,ß-disubstituted α,ß-unsaturated ketones in the presence copper and L1 leads to a highly efficient construction of an all-carbon-substituted chiral quaternary center. This result is the first example of an asymmetric conjugate addition of Me(3)Al to acyclic enones to give a chiral quaternary carbon center with excellent yield and enantioselectivity under mild reaction conditions.

Multinuclear Cu-catalysts based on SPINOL-PHOS in asymmetric conjugate addition of organozinc reagents.

Multinuclear Cu/Zn complex-catalyzed efficient asymmetric conjugate addition of organozinc reagents to acyclic and cyclic enones has been developed in the presence of a wide variety of regioisomeric chiral diols bearing phosphorus moieties as ligands. The regioisomeric SPINOL-PHOS ligands based on a SPINOL architecture showed an unexpected inversion of stereoselectivity.