Effect of a calcium phosphate-containing desensitizing agent on postoperative sensitivity: A split-mouth, randomized controlled study.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a calcium phosphate-containing-desensitizer (Teethmate Desensitizer - TD), caries type, subject age, and preoperative hypersensitivity on postoperative sensitivity (POS) after composite restorations on deep or extremely deep lesions. METHODS: 50 subjects, having two teeth with deep or extremely deep caries, participated in this study. TD was applied randomly to one tooth of each participant, and all teeth were restored with composite resin (Filtek Z250). After 1 week, POS was evaluated according to NRS (numerical rating scale) and VAS (visual analogue scale) by using participant diaries. At 6 weeks, POS was assessed considering subjects' reports. The normality of data was analyzed with Shapiro-Wilk test. For analyses, Pearson's chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney U and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test were used, and the effect sizes (ES) were calculated (α= 0.05). RESULTS: 47 of the participants completed the 6-week study. There was a small effect size noted for TD for NRS and VAS (P> 0.05, ES < 0.30). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between POS and subject age (P= 0.294, ES= 0.161), type of caries (P= 0.680, ES= 0.042) and preoperative sensitivity (P= 1.000, ES= 0.138) after the first week. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Teethmate Desensitizer had no significant effect on postoperative sensitivity occurrence with respect to caries type, subject age, and existence of preoperative sensitivity. The application of Teethmate Desensitizer demonstrated no significant relieving effect on postoperative sensitivity in deep or extremely deep cavities.

In Vitro Evaluation of Direct and Indirect Effects of Sonic and Ultrasonic Instrumentations on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets.

OBJECTIVE: Sonic and ultrasonic instrumentations generate vibrations that may influence debonding characteristics. The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the direct and indirect effects of sonic and ultrasonic periodontal instrumentations on the shear bond strength (SBS) and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores of metallic orthodontic brackets. METHODS: Metallic brackets were bonded to 75 extracted mandibular central incisors that were embedded in acrylic resin. Instrumentations around the bracket base performed with ultrasonic (UltrasonicB group, n=15) and sonic (SonicB group, n=15) scalers were used to evaluate the direct effects on the SBS of brackets. Lingual surface instrumentations with ultrasonic (UltrasonicL group, n=15) and sonic (SonicL group, n=15) scalers were performed to assess the indirect effects. The control group (n=15) did not have any treatment. Instrumentations were performed for 30 s with 0° scaler tip angulations with settings recommended by manufacturers. The SBS of the brackets tested with a universal testing machine and ARI scores were recorded. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: The mean SBS of the control group was significantly higher than that of the UltrasonicB and SonicB groups (p=0.008). The UltrasonicL and SonicL group instrumentations also decreased the SBS, although the difference was statistically insignificant. UltrasonicB instrumentations caused significantly higher frequency of ARI scores than the control group. CONCLUSION: The decrease of the SBS of metallic brackets indicates the influence of ultrasonic and sonic instrumentations on the breakage behavior at the bracket-resin interface. Instrumentations around the bracket base should be conducted with caution to decrease the bond failure risk of metallic brackets.

Comparison of three adhesive systems in class II composite restorations in endodontically treated teeth: Influence of Er:YAG laser conditioning and gingival margin levels on microleakage.

BACKGROUND: Dental surface conditioning by Er:YAG laser is currently being investigated, as not all of the mechanisms and effects of this technique have been clearly studied. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the cervical microleakage of Class II resin composite restorations in endodontically treated teeth following either the respective conventional conditioning or additional Er:YAG laser conditioning, in association with varied adhesives. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standardized mesial-occlusal-distal cavities (two gingival walls positioned in dentin and enamel, respectively) were created in 60 extracted human premolar teeth. Following the completion of the endodontic therapy, the teeth were grouped into six categories based on conditioning modality and adhesive strategy as follows: group 1-37% phosphoric acid/Adper Single Bond 2 (ASB2); group 2-Er:YAG laser/37% phosphoric acid/ASB2; group 3-Clearfil SE Bond (CSE); group 4-Er:YAG laser/CSE; group 5-Adper Easy One (AEO); and group 6-Er:YAG laser/AEO. Specimens were submitted to thermocycling and dye penetration, followed by longitudinal sectioning. The dye penetration was evaluated using a stereomicroscope. One specimen from each group was assessed under a scanning electron microscope for adhesive interface analysis. RESULTS: No significant differences were found between the conditioning modalities, nor between the adhesive systems at both margins. Groups 1 and 2 showed a lower degree of microleakage in the enamel vs. dentin (p = 0.002). Group 2 showed a significantly lower incidence of microleakage in enamel vs. dentin (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: CSE and AEO were comparable with that of ASB2 regarding sealing ability. Additional Er:YAG laser conditioning may be beneficial before ASB2 application in enamel. Key words:Endodontically treated teeth, etch-and-rinse adhesive, Er:YAG laser, gingival level, sealing ability, self-etch adhesive.

Effects of staining and bleaching on a nanohybrid composite with or without surface sealant.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of different staining solutions and a bleaching procedure on color stability and surface roughness of a nanohybrid resin composite were evaluated with or without liquid resin polishing (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-six disc-shaped resin composite specimens (A1 Shade, Z550 Filtek 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were prepared and divided randomly into two groups (n = 48). Liquid RP (BisCover LV, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA) was applied in one group (RP) and not in the other (P). Specimen color and surface roughness were determined using a colorimeter and profilometer, respectively. After baseline measurements, each group was divided into four subgroups (n = 12) for immersion in a control (distilled water) or three different staining solutions (ice tea, red wine, and cola) for 1 week. Color and surface roughness were then reevaluated. After measurements, all specimens were bleached using a 35% hydrogen peroxide gel. The color and surface roughness of the specimens were reevaluated. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data were subjected to an analysis of variance for repeated measurements among the groups (P < 0.05). RESULTS: Staining and bleaching did not change the surface roughness of the RP and P groups (P > 0.05). Discoloration in the red wine group was higher than for the other staining solutions for the RP (P < 0.001) and P groups (P = 0.018). CONCLUSION: Application of liquid RP did not enhance the color stability and surface roughness of the composite resin restoration.

Dental students' ability to assess their performance in a preclinical restorative course: comparison of students' and faculty members' assessments.

Dental education consists of both theoretical and practical learning for students to develop competence in treating patients clinically. When dental students encounter practical courses in their first year as a new educational experience, they must also learn to evaluate themselves. Self-evaluation is an essential skill to learn for dental professionals to keep increasing their competence over the course of their careers. The aim of this study was to compare the assessment scores of second- and third-year dental students and the faculty in two consecutive preclinical practical exams in restorative dentistry courses in a dental school in Turkey. Faculty- and student-assigned scores were calculated from two consecutive preclinical examinations on tooth restorations performed on both artificial casts and phantom patients. The students were formally instructed on grading procedures for tooth preparations, base and restoration placement, and polishing criteria. After each step, each item was assessed by faculty members, the student, and another student. The results indicated that the initial differences between second-year students' assessments of their own preclinical practical ability and that of the faculty decreased among the third-year students. Self-evaluation scores did not indicate whether the third-year students tended to over- or underestimate the quality of their own work. However, the second-year students not only overestimated themselves but thought they were above average. The results point to the need to develop students' self-insight with more exercises and practical training.

Clinical evaluation of resin-based composites in posterior restorations: a 3-year study.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a nanohybrid and a microhybrid composite in class I and II restorations after 3 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 82 class I and class II restorations were performed in 31 patients (10 males and 21 females) using Grandio and QuiXfil with self-etch adhesives (Futurabond and Xeno III). The restorations were clinically evaluated by 2 operators 1 week after placement (baseline) and at 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. At the 3-year follow-up, 62 class I and class II cavities were reevaluated in 23 patients (7 males and 16 females). Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's χ(2) and Fisher's exact tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, all restorations received Alfa scores with respect to each evaluation criterion. At the 1-year follow-up, 2 QuiXfil restorations had to be replaced and Grandio restorations started to deteriorate in terms of marginal adaptation. At the end of 2 years, 9 Grandio restorations showed significant deterioration of the surface properties, demonstrating Bravo scores. At the end of 3 years, no significant differences were observed regarding color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries, marginal discoloration, and anatomic form loss between the evaluated materials in 25 class I and 37 class II restorations. At the 3-year follow-up, Grandio restorations had 21% Bravo scores and showed significant deterioration of the surface properties, which were still clinically acceptable according to USPHS criteria. Three QuiXfil and 1 Grandio restorations were replaced because of secondary caries and loss of retention. CONCLUSIONS: Both the nanohybrid (Grandio) and the microhybrid (QuiXfil) composites were clinically functional after 3 years.

1 year clinical evaluation of microhybrid composites used in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions.

AIM: Microhybrid composite resins are commonly used to treat non-carious cervical lesions. The aim of this double blind study was to compare the 12-month clinical performance of cervical restorations placed with the use of two different microhybrid composite resins. METHODS: 20 patients with at least one pair of non-carious cervical lesion participated in this study. Ninety-seven cervical lesions were restored with either TPH Spectrum (n=48) or Filtek Z250 (n=49) using a two-step etch &rinse adhesive (Single Bond 2) Restorations were evaluated using modified USPHS criteria after 6 and 12 months. The statistical comparison of resin composites for each category was performed with the Pearson chi square test and the performance of restorations at the baseline, 6 months and after 12 month recall time was evaluated by Mc Nemar's test (p<0.05). RESULTS: The recall rate of the patients was 100% at each evaluation period. The retention rates were 100% at six months,89,6% and 91,8% at 12-months for TPH and Z250, respectively and no statistically significant difference was observed with respect to each evaluation criteria (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Cervical restorations placed with two different microhybrid composites and a two-step etches and rinse system showed satisfactory clinical performance after 12-months.

Effect of haemostatic agent application on the shear bond strength of contemporary/multi-mode adhesive systems.

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine the effect of blood contamination and haemostatic agent application on the shear bond strength (SBS) of different adhesives to dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-two extracted human molars were used in this study. Teeth were mounted acrylic in moulds. Mesial and distal surfaces were removed to obtain flat dentin surfaces (n=144) and grinded with a 600 grit sandpaper. The samples were randomly divided into three main groups (N=48) based on the adhesive system and application procedures. GROUP 1: No contamination (control), GROUP 2: Blood contamination, GROUP 3: Blood Contamination+Haemostatic agent application. Each group was further divided into four subgroups: SUBGROUP I: Single Bond 2 (etch-and-rinse) Subgroup II: Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etch) Subgroup III: Single Bond Universal (multimode, etch-and-rinse) subgroup IV: Single Bond Universal (multimode, all-in-one self-etch) (n=12). Resin cylinders (Filtek Z550) were bonded to the dentin surfaces according to the manufacturers' instructions. A shear load was applied to the specimens using universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure. Data were analyzed statistically (p<0.05). RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed between no contamination (control) and blood + haemostatic agent contamination groups for both Single Bond 2 (etch-and-rinse) and Single Bond Universal (multimode, all-in-one self-etch) (p<0.05). When the adhesive systems were compared to each other, no statistically significant differences were found in all contamination groups and control group for the mean SBS values (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: When blood contamination is inevitable two step self- etching adhesive systems may be the choice of adhesive system in terms of shear bond strength.

Assessment of color parameters of composite resin shade guides using digital imaging versus colorimeter.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the color parameters of resin composite shade guides determined using a colorimeter and digital imaging method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four composite shade guides, namely: two nanohybrid (Grandio [Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany]; Premise [KerrHawe SA, Bioggio, Switzerland]) and two hybrid (Charisma [Heraeus Kulzer, GmbH & Co. KG, Hanau, Germany]; Filtek Z250 [3M ESPE, Seefeld, Germany]) were evaluated. Ten shade tabs were selected (A1, A2, A3, A3,5, A4, B1, B2, B3, C2, C3) from each shade guide. CIE Lab values were obtained using digital imaging and a colorimeter (ShadeEye NCC Dental Chroma Meter, Shofu Inc., Kyoto, Japan). The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc test. RESULTS: Overall, the mean ΔE values from different composite pairs demonstrated statistically significant differences when evaluated with the colorimeter (p < 0.001) but there was no significant difference with the digital imaging method (p = 0.099). With both measurement methods in total, 80% of the shade guide pairs from different composites (97/120) showed color differences greater than 3.7 (moderately perceptible mismatch), and 49% (59/120) had obvious mismatch (ΔE > 6.8). For all shade pairs evaluated, the most significant shade mismatches were obtained between Grandio-Filtek Z250 (p = 0.021) and Filtek Z250-Premise (p = 0.01) regarding ΔE mean values, whereas the best shade match was between Grandio-Charisma (p = 0.255) regardless of the measurement method. CONCLUSION: The best color match (mean ΔE values) was recorded for A1, A2, and A3 shade pairs in both methods. When proper object-camera distance, digital camera settings, and suitable illumination conditions are provided, digital imaging method could be used in the assessment of color parameters. Interchanging use of shade guides from different composite systems should be avoided during color selection.

Micro push-out bond strengths of 2 fiber post types luted using different adhesive strategies.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strengths of carbon and glass fiber posts adhesively luted with Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem luting cements, as well as a modified application procedure using RelyX Unicem cement in combination with a single-bottle total-etch adhesive in 3 segments of teeth. STUDY DESIGN: Sixty single-rooted human maxillary central incisors and canines were sectioned below the cementoenamel junction, and the roots were endodontically treated. The roots were divided into 2 fiber-post groups, and then divided into 3 subgroups of 10 specimens each to test different luting strategies. Bonded specimens were cut (1-mm-thick sections) and push-out tests were performed (crosshead-speed, 0.5 mm/min). Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope at original magnification ×40. RESULTS: Micro push-out bond strengths were significantly affected by the type of luting agent and the type of post (P < .05). In all root sections, the push-out bond strength values of glass fiber posts were significantly higher than that of carbon fiber posts (P < .05). Moreover, the highest push-out bond strengths were measured for Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem cements. These values were significantly higher than that of modified application procedure in the medium section for both glass- and carbon-fiber posts, and in the apical root sections only for glass-fiber post (P < .05). In each region, the modified application procedure showed the lowest bond strength values. Adhesive failure between dentin and cement was the most frequent type of failure. CONCLUSIONS: In all root segments, the glass fiber post provided significantly increased post retention compared with the carbon fiber post, regardless of the luting strategy used.

Clinical evaluation of resin-based composites in posterior restorations: two-year results.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the clinical performance of a nanohybrid and a low shrinkage posterior composite in Class I and II restorations after two years. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 82 Class I and Class II cavities were restored in 31 patients (10 male, 21 female) by one clinician using Grandio and Quixfil and the manufacturers' self-etch adhesives (Futura Bond and Xeno III) according to the manufacturers' instructions. Two previously calibrated operators clinically evaluated the restorations one week after placement (baseline) and six months, one year and two years after placement using modified USPHS criteria. Statistical analysis was completed using the Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (p<0.05). RESULTS: All patients attended the 12-month recall and no lack of retention was observed. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences have been found between the two restorative materials that were tested after 12 months (p>0.05). None of the restorations had shown any marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss until the end of the 12-month period. Two-year recall data demonstrated an 83.87% recall rate (26 patients). Grandio restorations showed a significant deterioration of the surface properties that demonstrated 26% Bravo scores, which are still clinically acceptable. None of the restorations exhibited postoperative sensitivity at any evaluation period. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that nanofill (Grandio) and posterior composite (Quixfil) demonstrated acceptable clinical performance after two years. However, further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performance of these materials.

Effect of sodium ascorbate on bond strength of different adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium ascorbate on bond strength of different adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin. Eighty extracted molar teeth were used in the study. The buccal enamel surfaces were removed to obtain a flat dentin surface. The teeth were mounted in self-curing resin and dentin surfaces were irrigated with NaOCl for 10 min. Half of the specimens were treated with sodium ascorbate for 10 min. The teeth were randomly assigned to four subgroups according to the adhesive systems used (Clearfil SE Bond, Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Adper Prompt-L-Pop, Adper Single Bond 2). Bond strengths were determined with a Universal Testing Machine, at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were statistically analysed using anova at a significance level of 0.05. Two-way ANOVA revealed that the effect of sodium ascorbate application on bond strength of adhesive systems to NaOCl-treated dentin was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The bond strength results were significantly influenced by the application of sodium ascorbate (P < 0.05) and there was a significant difference between the adhesive systems (P < 0.05). Although statistically significant differences were not demonstrated in all adhesive resin groups, sodium ascorbate application after NaOCl treatment improved the bond strength values.

Clinical evaluation of resin-based composites in posterior restorations: 12-month results.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the 12 month clinical performances of two different posterior composites in Class I and Class II restorations. METHODS: Thirty-one patients (10 male, 21 female) were recruited into the study. A total of 82 Class I and Class II cavities were restored with either a nanohybrid composite (Grandio) or a low-shrinkage composite (Quixfil), using their self etch adhesives (Futura Bond and Xeno III) according to manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated 1 week after placement as baseline, and after 6 and 12 months post-operatively using modified USPHS criteria by two previously calibrated operators. Statistical analysis were performed using Pearson Chi-square and Fisher's Exact Test (P<.05). RESULTS: All patients attended the 12-month recall. Lack of retention was not observed in any of the restorations. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences were found between two restorative materials tested after 12 months (P>.05). None of the restorations had marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss on the 12 month follow-up. Restorations did not exhibit post-operative sensitivity at any evaluation period. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical assessment of nanohybrid (Grandio) and low-shrinkage posterior composite (Quixfil) exhibited good clinical results with predominating alpha scores after 12 months. However; further evaluations are necessary for the long-term clinical performance of these materials.

Could digital imaging be an alternative for digital colorimeters?

This study evaluated the colour parameters of composite and ceramic shade guides determined using a colorimeter and digital imaging method with illuminants at different colour temperatures. Two different resin composite shade guides, namely Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer) and Premise (Kerr Corporation), and two different ceramic shade guides, Vita Lumin Vacuum (VITA Zahnfabrik) and Noritake (Noritake Co.), were evaluated at three different colour temperatures (2,700 K, 2,700-6,500 K, and 6500 K) of illuminants. Ten shade tabs were selected (A1, A2, A3, A3,5, A4, B1, B2, B3, C2 and C3) from each shade guide. CIE Lab values were obtained using digital imaging and a colorimeter (ShadeEye NCC Dental Chroma Meter, Shofu Inc.). The data were analysed using two-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation. While mean L* values of both composite and ceramic shade guides were not affected from the colour temperature, L* values obtained with the colorimeter showed significantly lower values than those of the digital imaging (p < 0.01). At combined 2,700-6500 K colour temperature, the means of a* values obtained from colorimeter and digital imaging did not show significant differences (p > 0.05). For both composite and ceramic shade guides, L* and b* values obtained from colorimeter and digital imaging method presented a high level of correlation. High-level correlations were also acquired for a* values in all shade guides except for the Charisma composite shade guide. Digital imaging method could be an alternative for the colorimeters unless the proper object-camera distance, digital camera settings and suitable illumination conditions could be supplied. However, variations in shade guides, especially for composites, may affect the correlation.

Effects of different ceramic and composite materials on stress distribution in inlay and onlay cavities: 3-D finite element analysis.

To reduce loss of tooth tissue and to improve esthetic results, inlay and onlay restorations are good treatment choices for extensive cavities in posterior teeth. The aim of this paper was to evaluate, by means of three-dimensional finite element analysis, the effects of restorative material and cavity design on stress distribution in the tooth structures and restorative materials. Two different nanofilled composites and two different all-ceramic materials were used in this study. A permanent molar tooth was modeled with enamel and dentin structures. 3-D inlay and onlay cavity designs were created. Von Mises, compressive, and tensile stresses on the restorative materials, core materials, enamel, and dentin were evaluated separately. On the effect of restorative material, results showed that in the case of materials with low elastic moduli, more stress was transferred to the tooth structures. Therefore, compared to the nanofilled composites, the all-ceramic inlay and onlay materials tested transferred less stress to the tooth structures. On the effect of cavity design, the onlay design was more efficacious in protecting the tooth structures than the inlay design.

Influence of different drinks on the colour stability of dental resin composites.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the discolouration effects of artificial saliva, granule lemon juice, coffee (without sugar), coca cola, sour cherry juice, fresh carrot juice and red wine on resin-based composite materials that are commonly used in restorative dentistry. METHODS: Colour of four brands of resin composites (Filtek Z 250 (3M Espe), Filtek Supreme (3M Espe), Quadrant (Cavex), Charisma (Heraeus-Kulzer)) of A2 shade was measured after one day of immersion in eight different solutions. Colour measurements were obtained by using a XL-20 Trismus Colourimeter and colour differences (DeltaE) were estimated. For statistical evaluation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Dunnett and Tukey tests were used at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: For the four restorative materials tested, the lowest DeltaE values were observed in the artificial saliva, while DeltaE values were the highest in red wine group. When comparing the four different restorative materials, Filtek Supreme exhibited the least colour changes whereas Filtek Z250 was the least colour-stable. CONCLUSIONS: Dental resin composites and drinking solutions were significant factors that may affect the colour stability. After immersion for one day, all materials showed visible colour changes. The red wine solution exhibited more staining than others in three groups. Filtek Supreme showed significantly the least colour change due to its nano particle sizes.

Effects of mouth rinses on color stability of resin composites.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 3 commercially available mouth rinses on the color stability of 4 different resin-based composite restorative materials. METHODS: Forty disc-shaped specimens (10x2 mm) were prepared from each of the following materials: A nanofill composite Filtek Supreme XT (3M/Espe, St. Paul, MN, USA); a packable low-shrinkage composite, AeliteLS Packable (BISCO, Inc, Shaumburg, IL, USA); nanoceramic composite resin Ceram-X (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany); a microhybrid composite, and Aelite All-Purpose Body (BISCO). The specimens were then incubated in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The baseline color values (L*, a*, b*) of each specimen were measured with a colorimeter according to the CIELAB color scale. After baseline color measurements, 10 randomly selected specimens from each group were immersed in 1 of the 3 mouth rinses and distilled water as control. The specimens were stored in 20 mL of each mouth rinse (Oral B Alcohol-free, Listerine Tooth Defense Anti-cavity Fluoride Rinse and Klorhex) for 12 hours. After immersion, the color values of all specimens were remeasured, and the color change value DeltaE*ab was calculated. Data were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance at a significance level of .05. RESULTS: All specimens displayed color changes after immersion, and there was a statistically significant difference among restorative materials and mouth rinses (P<.05); however, the change was not visually perceptible (DeltaE*ab<3.3). The interaction between the effect of mouth rinses and type of restorative materials was not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS: It may be concluded that although visually nonperceptible, all resin restorative materials tested showed a color difference after immersion in different mouth rinses.