Responses of transcriptome and metabolome in peanut leaves to dibutyl phthalate during whole growth period.

Introduction: The application of agricultural film mulching technology has significantly contributed to increasing crop yield and income, but the pollution caused by residual film has seriously affected agricultural production and the natural environment. Agricultural film is commonly employed to enhance the yield of peanuts; its use may lead to excessive dibutyl phthalate (DBP) residues in peanut kernels. But, limited investigations have been conducted on the regulatory mechanism of peanut leaves in response to DBP exposure throughout the entire growth period. Methods: To bridge this knowledge gap, we investigated the differences in transcriptome and metabolome of peanut leaves under DBP stress. Results: According to visual observations, the results of morphological response showed that the growth of peanut plants was significantly inhibited from seedling to pod stage under DBP treatment. Transcriptomic analysis results showed that the genes AH19G05510 (LRR receptor-like serine threonine-protein kinase) and AH20G31870 (disease resistance), belonging to the FAR1 family and bZIP family respectively, may be key genes involved in the resistance to DBP stress throughout its growth stages. Metabolomic analysis results showed that during the initial stage of DBP stress, the key metabolites in peanut leaves response to stress were carboxylic acids and derivatives, as well as fatty acyls. As peanut growth progressed, flavonoids gradually became more prominent in the resistance to DBP stress. By integrating metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis, we have identified that purine metabolism during seedling and flowering stages, as well as the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis pathways during pod and maturity stages, played a crucial role in response to DBP stress. Discussion: These findings not only provide valuable key gene and metabolic information for studying anti-plasticizer pollution throughout the entire growth period of peanuts, but also offer reference for enhancing crop resistance to plasticizer pollution through genetic modification and metabolic regulation.

Concordance of Ultrasound and Dual-Energy CT in Diagnosing Gouty Arthritis in the Knee Joint: A Retrospective Observational Study.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the consistency between ultrasound and dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the diagnosis of gout in the knee joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ultrasound and DECT images of 176 knee joints from 167 patients diagnosed with gout at the Gout Specialty Clinic of Qingdao University Affiliated Hospital from February 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. The knee joint was segmented into five anatomical regions: intra-articular, anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral. The location of monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition was recorded. Tophi were classified as hypoechogenic, isoechogenic, hyperechogenic, or strongly echogenic. The Kappa test was used to assess the consistency between the two examination methods in different regions of the knee joint. The McNemar chi-square test was utilized to conduct a differential analysis between the DECT and ultrasound results. The chi-square test was used to assess differences in the rate of tophi detection with different echogenicities by DECT. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between MSU crystal deposition volume and clinically relevant indicators. RESULTS: Double contour (61.4%) was the most common intra-articular ultrasound sign. In the extra-articular region, MSU crystals were commonly deposited in and around the popliteal groove region (ultrasound: 52.3%; DECT: 60.0%). Corresponding MSU deposits on DECT were found in 7 of 54 joints with aggregates detected on ultrasound, and in 15 of 108 joints with DC. Tophi with hyperechogenicity or strong echogenicity were more likely to be detected on DECT than those with hypoechoic or isoechoic features (84.3% and 90.9% vs. 55.1% and 27.8%, respectively). For the assessment of MSU deposits, ultrasound showed an overall higher positive rate than DECT (81.1% vs. 72.2%), with poor consistency between the two examinations (κ = 0.177). In distinct anatomical regions, ultrasound and DECT showed high consistency in the medial (κ = 0.651) and lateral (κ = 0.705) views, with no significant difference. The intra-articular (κ = 0.316) and anterior (κ = 0.346) regions exhibited only fair consistency, with statistically significant diagnostic differences. When exclusively assessing cases with tophi, ultrasound and DECT demonstrated similar consistency in the medial, lateral and anterior views (κ = 0.633, 0.712, and 0.400, respectively), with statistically significant differences. In the intra-articular region, the consistency was reduced (κ = 0.237), and the differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and DECT are effective methods to detect MSU deposition in gout of the knee. However, the consistency between the two techniques varies in different anatomical locations. Clinical assessment should be tailored based on the specific anatomical position. DECT is advantageous for the evaluation of intra-articular MSU deposits, while ultrasound is more sensitive for the early detection of scattered MSU deposits.

Effort-reward imbalance and well-being among psychiatric nurses: the mediating role of burnout and decent work.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric nurses face additional challenges due to negative perceptions, workplace violence, and a lack of respect, impacting their well-being and job satisfaction, which are crucial for improving psychiatric care and patient outcomes. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine the relationship between effort-reward imbalance, well-being, burnout, and decent work among psychiatric nurses. METHODS: This study used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected using a convenience sampling method in February 2024 from 397 psychiatric nurses at two psychiatric hospitals in Hangzhou and Huzhou, Zhejiang Province. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Scale, Decent Work Perception Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, and General Well-Being Schedule Scale were used for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS macro. RESULTS: The study found that effort-reward imbalance among psychiatric nurses was negatively correlated with decent work (r = -0.564, p < 0.001) and well-being (r = -0.541, p < 0.001), and positively correlated with burnout (r = 0.603, p < 0.001). Burnout mediated the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and well-being (95% CI [-0.386, -0.257]), while decent work also served as a mediator (95% CI [-0.100, -0.012]). Additionally, burnout and decent work were found to mediate the relationship between effort-reward imbalance and well-being (95% CI [-0.050, -0.006]). CONCLUSION: This study highlights the impact of effort-reward imbalance on well-being, confirming that burnout and decent work serve as mediators. Enhancing support, fair compensation, reasonable work schedules, and professional development can promote psychiatric nurses' perception of decent work and improve their well-being.

Insight into flavor difference of cherry (Prunus avium L.) grown in facility environment and outdoors through metabolomics and correlation analysis.

The flavor profiles of cherries cultivated in greenhouse and those grown in open fields show significant variations, however, the underlying flavor-contributing factors remain unidentified. Hence, a joint investigation with widely targeted metabolomics analysis, volatile fingerprint analysis, and descriptive sensory analysis for the Russia 8 and Tieton cherry cultivars was conducted using UPLC-MS/MS and GC × GC-TOFMS to clarify the flavor differences of open-air and greenhouse-grown cherries. The study found that open-air cultivation could lead to the accumulation of non-volatile flavor substances and prompted appearance of higher acidity, astringency, plum-like flavor, and fresh herb notes; most of differential metabolites were significantly positively correlated with astringency, plum-like flavor and bitterness. Through correlation analysis and path analysis, potential flavor components and key important pathways contributing to flavor disparities were provided, and light intensity, soil moisture content, temperature and humidity were inferred as the main factors affecting the flavor profiles of open-air and greenhouse-grown cherries.

Hydroxyl radicals dominated the reduction of antibiotic resistance genes by inactivating Gram-negative bacteria during soil electrokinetic treatment.

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are emerging contaminants that widely exist in the environment. Effective reduction of ARB and ARGs from soil and water could be achieved by electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology. In water, hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are proved to play a major role in the EKR process; while the reduction mechanism of ARB and ARGs is still unclear in soil. In this study, different concentrations of hydroxyl radical scavengers (salicylic acid) were added to the EKR system to explore the possible role of ·OH in the reduction of ARB and ARGs. The results showed that generally, ·OH played a more vital role in the reduction of ARB (65.24-72.46%) compared to the reduction of total cultivable bacteria (57.50%). And ·OH contributed to a higher reduction of sul genes (60.94%) compared to tet genes (47.71%) and integrons (36.02%). It was found that the abundance of Gram-negative bacteria (Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and norank_c_Acidobacteria) was significantly reduced, and the correlation between norank_f_Gemmatimonadaceae and sul1 was weakened in the presence of ·OH. Correlation analysis indicated that the abundance of ARGs (especially sul1) was closely related to the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Gemmatimonadetes) in the soil EKR treatment. Moreover, changes in bacterial community structure affected the abundance of ARB and ARGs indirectly. Overall, this study revealed the reduction mechanism of ARB and ARGs by ·OH in the soil EKR system for the first time. These findings provide valuable support for soil remediation efforts focusing on controlling antibiotic resistance.

Hyperechoic Spots in the Renal Medulla as a Potential Indicator of Early Gouty Nephropathy.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to explore the causes and clinical significance of hyperechoic renal medulla observed by ultrasonography in patients with primary gout. METHODS: This study included 2,107 patients with primary gout treated in the Gout Clinic of our hospital from 2016 to 2022. The clinical data and biochemical data of these patients were collected and analyzed. According to the presence or absence of punctate hyperechogenicity in the renal medulla on ultrasound examination, the patients were divided into the hyperechoic medulla (HM) and the normal hypoechoic medulla (NM) groups, and the HM group was further divided into the partial HM (P-HM) and fulfilled HM (F-HM) subgroups according to the distribution range of hyperechogenicity. RESULTS: Among the 2,107 patients with primary gout, 380 had hyperechoic renal medulla on renal ultrasound, including 106 patients with F-HM and 274 with P-HM. There were significant differences in the gout duration, urate arthropathy number, serum urate (SU) level, clinical tophi number, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine (sCr), and estimated glomerular filtration rate between the HM and NM groups or between the F-HM and P-HM subgroups (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the presence of HM was positively correlated with gout duration, urate arthropathy number, gout attack frequency, SU, and sCr. The number of clinical tophi and sCr were closely related to F-HM. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound examination showed that a high medulla echo in patients with gout was often related to renal function damage. P-HM may be a transitory condition between NM and F-HM in patients with gout.

Self-Responsive Fluorescence Aptasensor for Lactoferrin Determination in Dairy Products.

In this study, a self-responsive fluorescence aptasensor was established for the determination of lactoferrin (Lf) in dairy products. Herein, the aptamer itself functions as both a recognition element that specifically binds to Lf and a fluorescent signal reporter in conjunction with fluorescent moiety. In the presence of Lf, the aptamer preferentially binds to Lf due to its specific and high-affinity recognition by folding into a self-assembled and three-dimensional spatial structure. Meanwhile, its reduced spatial distance in the aptamer-Lf complex induces a FRET phenomenon based on the quenching of 6-FAM by amino acids in the Lf protein, resulting in a turn-off of the fluorescence of the system. As a result, the Lf concentration can be determined straightforwardly corresponding to the change in the self-responsive fluorescence signal. Under the optimized conditions, good linearities (R2 > 0.99) were achieved in an Lf concentration range of 2~10 µg/mL for both standard solutions and the spiked matrix, as well as with the desirable detection limits of 0.68 µg/mL and 0.46 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, the fluorescence aptasensor exhibited reliable recoveries (89.5-104.3%) in terms of detecting Lf in three commercial samples, which is comparable to the accuracy of the HPCE method. The fluorescence aptasensor offers a user-friendly, cost-efficient, and promising sensor platform for point-of-need detection.

Prediction and Mechanisms of Spontaneous Resorption in Lumbar Disc Herniation: Narrative Review.

The major symptoms of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) are low back pain, radiative lower extremity pain, and lower limb movement disorder. Patients with LDH suffer from great distress in their daily life accompanied by severe economic hardship and difficulty in self-care, with an increasing tendency in the aging population. PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched for relevant studies of spontaneous resorption or regression in LDH after conservative treatment and for other potential studies, which included those from inception to June 30, 2023. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize previous literatures about spontaneous resorption in LDH and to discuss the mechanisms and influencing factors in order to assess the probability of spontaneous resorption by conservative treatment. Spontaneous resorption without surgical treatment is influenced by the types and sizes of the LDH, inflammatory responses, and therapeutic factors. If the lumbar disc herniated tissue comprises a higher percentage of cartilage or modic changes have been shown on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), resorption in LDH is prevented. The bull's eye sign on enhanced MRI, which is a ring enhancement around a protruding disc, is a vital indicator for easy reabsorption. In addition, the type of extrusion and sequestration in LDH could forecast the higher feasibility of natural reabsorption. Moreover, the higher the proportion of protrusion on the intervertebral disc tissue within the spinal canal, the greater the likelihood of reabsorption. Therefore, which illustrates the feasibility of conservative treatments for LDH. Nonsurgical management of LDH with clinical symptoms is recommended by the authors.

The usefulness of ultrasound in identifying the underlying findings linked to pain in podagra patients.

AIM: To explore whether ultrasound (US) can be employed to identify the underlying characteristics associated with pain in patients with podagra by evaluating the relationship between ultrasound findings and clinical pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS:  Patients with podagra were recruited and grouped into a pain group (G1, 82 patients) and a non pain group (G2, 123 patients). US features were collected and compared. US data were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis and ROC analysis. Interobserver reliability was assessed, too. RESULTS: A total of 205 patients (196 male and 9 female) were enrolled in this study. In multivariate analysis, the thickness of the synovium (OR=1.928, CI=1.074-3.463), CD (color Doppler) signal of the synovium (OR=1.458, CI=1.011-2.103), and CD signal of the tophi (OR=1.576, CI=1.142-2.177) were identified as risk factors for clinical pain. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were 0.713, 0.686 and 0.641 for the three indicators, respectively. The best cutoff points were 1 mm for the thickness of the synovium, grade 1 for the CD signal of the synovium and grade 2 for the CD signal of the tophi. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound can provide valuable information for determining underlying features associated with pain in patients with podagra.

Bismuth-doping boosting Na+ diffusion kinetics of layered oxide cathode with radially oriented {010} active lattice facet for sodium-ion batteries.

O3-type layered oxide cathodes (NaxTMO2) for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention as one of the most promising potential candidates for practical energy storage applications. The poor Na+ diffusion kinetics is, however, one of the major obstacles to advancing large-scale practical application. Herein, we report bismuth-doped O3-NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (NMB) microspheres consisting of unique primary nanoplatelets with the radially oriented {010} active lattice facets. The NMB combines the advantages of the oriented and exposed electrochemical active planes for direct paths of Na+ diffusion, and the thick primary nanoplatelets for less surface parasitic reactions with the electrolyte. Consequently, the NMB cathode exhibits a long-term stability with an excellent capacity retention of 72.5% at 1C after 300 cycles and an enhanced rate capability at a 0.1C to 10C rate (1C = 240 mA g-1). Furthermore, the enhancement is elucidated by the small volume change, thin cathode-electrolyte-interphase (CEI) layer, and rapid Na+ diffusion kinetics. In particular, the radial orientation-based Bi-doping strategy is demonstrated to be effective at boosting electrochemical performance in other layered oxides (such as Bi-doped NaNi0.45Mn0.45Ti0.1O2 and NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2). The results provide a promising strategy of utilizing the advantages of the oriented active facets of primary platelets and secondary particles to develop high-rate layered oxide cathodes for SIBs.

Prevalence of body mass index categories among adults living alone in China: Observational study.

BACKGROUND: Adults living alone represent a growing population group in China. Understanding the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories and their associations with demographic and lifestyle factors among this group is essential for informing targeted interventions and public health policies. METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, we used individual-level data from the 2011-2021 China General Social Survey. Main outcomes were prevalence of BMI categories adjusted for gender and age, using logistic regression and model-predicted marginal prevalence to estimate BMI categories prevalence. RESULTS: We analyzed 9,077 single-living Chinese adult participants. The primary-adjusted prevalence of BMI categories varied across different genders and age groups. Underweight was more prevalent in females (12.73%; 95% CI: 12.31% - 13.14%) than in males (7.54%; 95% CI: 7.19% - 7.88%), while overweight and obesity were higher in males. Primary-adjusted underweight prevalence was highest among the 18-24 years age group (22.09%; 95% CI: 20.17% - 24.01%) and decreased with age. Primary-adjusted overweight prevalence increased with age, peaking in the 45-54 years age group (41.94%; 95% CI: 40.96% - 42.93%). Primary-adjusted obesity prevalence exhibited a fluctuating pattern across age groups, with the highest prevalence observed in the 45-54 years age group (9.81%; 95% CI: 9.19% - 10.44%). CONCLUSION: Our findings reveal significant associations between BMI categories and demographic and lifestyle factors among adults living alone in China. These results can inform targeted interventions and public health policies aimed at promoting healthy weight management and addressing the unique health challenges faced by single-living individuals in China.

Co-expression of metabolites and sensory attributes through weighted correlation network analysis to explore flavor-contributing factors in various Pyrus spp. Cultivars.

Flavor profiles of various Pyrus spp. cultivars exhibit significant variations, yet the underlying flavor-contributing factors remain elusive. In this investigation, a comprehensive approach encompassing metabolomics analysis, volatile fingerprint analysis, and descriptive sensory analysis was employed to elucidate the flavor disparities among Nanguoli, Korla fragrant pear, and Qiuyueli cultivars and uncover potential flavor contributor. The study comprehensively characterized the categories and concentrations of nonvolatile and volatile metabolites, and 925 metabolites were identified. Flavonoids and esters dominated the highest cumulative response, respectively. Utilizing weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), seven highly correlated modules were identified, yielding 407 pivotal metabolites. Further correlation analysis of the differential substances provided potential flavor constituents strongly associated with various sensory attributes; taste factors had a certain association with olfactory characteristics. Our findings demonstrated the manifestation of flavor was a result of the synergistic effect of various compounds; evaluation olfactory flavor necessitated a comprehensive consideration of taste substances.

Primary Malignant Melanoma in the Parotid Gland: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Primary melanoma of the parotid gland is an extremely rare and challenging tumor with a poor prognosis, and its ultrasonic characteristics have yet to be reported. This article presents a case of a 77-year-old man with a left parotid mass that was confirmed as a melanoma following surgery. The ultrasonic features of melanoma were examined in detail, with a particular focus on their diagnostic value. Furthermore, we summarized the clinical characteristics, treatment options, and outcomes associated with primary melanoma of the parotid gland based on a thorough analysis of the available literature.

Integrating Post-Ionization Separation via Differential Mobility Spectrometry into Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry for Toy Safety Screening.

Direct analysis in real time (DART) enables direct desorption and ionization of analytes, bypassing the time-consuming chromatographic separation traditionally required for mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. However, DART-MS suffers from matrix interference of complex samples, resulting in compromised detection sensitivity and quantitation accuracy. In this study, DART-MS was combined with differential mobility spectrometry (DMS) to provide an additional dimension of post-ionization ion mobility separation within a millisecond time scale, compensating for the lack of separation in DART-MS analysis. As proof-of-concept, primary aromatic amines (PAAs), a class of potentially hazardous chemicals, were analyzed in various toy products, including bubble solutions, finger paints, and plush toys. In addition to commercial Dip-it glass rod and metal mesh sampling tools, a customized rapid extractive evaporation device was designed for the accelerated extraction and sensitive analysis of solid toy samples. The incorporation of DMS in DART-MS analysis enabled the rapid separation and differentiation of isomeric analytes, leading to improved accuracy and reliability. The developed protocols were optimized and validated, achieving good linearity with correlation coefficients greater than 0.99 and acceptable repeatability with relative standard deviations less than 10%. Moreover, satisfactory sensitivity was realized with limits of detection and quantitation ranges of 0.2-5 and 1-20 µg/kg (µg/L) for the 11 PAA analytes. The established methodology was applied for the analysis of real toy samples (n = 18), which confirmed its appealing potential for toy safety screening and consumer health protection.

Association of physical activity and PM2.5-attributable cardiovascular disease mortality in the United States.

Objective: The study aimed to explore the association between physical activity (PA) and PM2. 5-attributable cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality trends across the United States (US) at the state level. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study for PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for PA prevalence. The study covered all 50 US states and the District of Columbia from 2001 to 2019. We utilized Joinpoint Regression to calculate AAPC from 2011 to 2019 and Pearson correlation coefficients to assess state-level associations between PA and PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality AAPC. Results: During 2011-2019, a total of 244,318 PM2.5-attributable CVD deaths were recorded. The age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) of PM2.5-attributable CVD declined substantially from 2011 to 2019 across all US states, with the most pronounced reductions observed in industrialized states such as West Virginia (51% decline), Kentucky (32%), and Ohio (22%). AAMR ratios for the US states varied substantially, ranging from 0.1 in Hawaii to 1.7 in Arkansas. The AAPC ranged from -9.4% (West Virginia) to -1.7% (New Mexico) in the majority of states, while a few states such as Alaska, Wyoming, and Washington saw slight positive AAPCs from 0.9 to 2.9%. A significant correlation was found between PA and PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality trends (r = 0.454, p = 0.001), with similar results in subgroup analyses. Conclusion: Our findings suggest a correlation between increased physical activity (PA) and increased PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality, highlighting the potential need to consider PM2.5 exposure when engaging in PA to mitigate adverse cardiovascular health impacts. However, further research is warranted to establish causality and underlying mechanisms in the relationship between PA and PM2.5-attributable CVD mortality. Potential limitations include reliance on self-reported PA data.

Trends in all causes and cause specific mortality attributable to ambient particulate matter pollution in China from 1990 to 2019: A secondary data analysis study.

BACKGROUND: Particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has become a significant public health concern in China due to its harmful effects on human health. This study aimed to examine the trends in all causes and cause specific morality burden attributable to PM2.5 pollution in China. METHODS: We extracted data on all causes and cause specific mortality data attributable to PM2.5 exposure for the period 1990-2019 in China from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and years of life lost (YLLs) due to PM2.5 exposure were calculated using the Joinpoint Regression Program. Using Pearson's correlation, we estimated association between burden trends, urban green space area, and higher education proportions. RESULTS: During the period 1990-1999, there were increases in mortality rates for All causes (1.6%, 95% CI: 1.5% to 1.8%), Diabetes mellitus (5.2%, 95% CI: 4.9% to 5.5%), Encephalitis (3.1%, 95% CI: 2.6% to 3.5%), Ischemic heart disease (3.3%, 95% CI: 3% to 3.6%), and Tracheal, bronchus and lung cancer (5%, 95% CI: 4.7% to 5.2%). In the period 2010-2019, Diabetes mellitus still showed an increase in mortality rates, but at a lower rate with an AAPC of 1.2% (95% CI: 1% to 1.4%). Tracheal bronchus and lung cancer showed a smaller increase in this period, with an AAPC of 0.5% (95% CI: 0.3% to 0.6%). In terms of YLLs, the trends appear to be similar. CONCLUSION: Our findings highlight increasing trends in disease burden attributable to PM2.5 in China, particularly for diabetes mellitus, tracheal, bronchus, and lung cancer.

BMI categories across different living arrangements.

INTRODUCTION: Research on the prevalence of body mass index (BMI) categories across different living arrangements remains limited. We aimed to quantify the prevalence of BMI categories among those living alone (LA) and those not living alone (NLA). METHODS: In this population-based cross-sectional study, we used individual-level data from the 2011-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Main outcomes were prevalence of BMI categories in LA and NLA, adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status, using logistic regression and model-predicted marginal prevalence to estimate BMI categories prevalence. RESULTS: Between 2011 and 2021, we quantified BMI categories prevalence in 4,195,414 adults in the BRFSS, with 1,197,787 (28.5%) adults LA and 2,997,627 (71.5%) adults NLA. In comparison to NLA, LA consistently demonstrates lower adjusted obesity prevalence across genders and age groups, with the highest prevalence observed in the 45-64 age range, particularly within the 45-54 group (LA: 37.4%, 95% CI: 37.1-37.8%; NLA: 34.3%, 95% CI: 33.8-34.7%). Additionally, LA displays an overall lower adjusted prevalence of overweight compared to NLA, notably in the 18-34 and >64 age groups. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity in BMI categories prevalence exists between LA and NLA. Future studies and public health efforts should consider this heterogeneity.

Research advances of SERS analysis method based on silent region molecules for food safety detection.

Food safety is a critical issue that is closely related to people's health and safety. As a simple, rapid, and sensitive detection technique, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology has significant potential for food safety detection. Recently, researchers have shown a growing interest in utilizing silent region molecules for SERS analysis. These molecules exhibit significant Raman scattering peaks in the cellular Raman silent region between 1800 and 2800 cm-1 avoiding overlapping with the SERS spectrum of biological matrices in the range 600-1800 cm-1, which could effectively circumvent matrix effects and improve the SERS accuracy. In this review, the application of silent region molecules-based SERS analytical technique for food safety detection is introduced, detection strategies including label-free detection and labeled detection are discussed, and recent applications of SERS analysis technology based on molecules containing alkyne and nitrile groups, as well as Prussian blue (PB) in the detection of pesticides, mycotoxins, metal ions, and foodborne pathogens are highlighted. This review aims to draw the attention to the silent region molecules-based SERS analytical technique and to provide theoretical support for its further applications in food safety detection.

Pig manure-derived fulvic acid more strongly drives the fate of arsenic and antibiotic resistance genes in paddy soil.

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can threaten the clean production of rice owing to continuous selective pressure in heavy metal-antibiotic co-contaminated paddy soils. As an important soil carbon reservoir, the role of humic substances from different types of manure in the regulation of soil ARGs remains unclear. In this study, fulvic acid (FA) and humic acid (HA) were extracted from pig manure (PM), cow dung (CD), and chicken manure (CM). The influence of their characteristics and doses on the fate of ARGs was investigated in arsenic (As)-antibiotic co-contaminated paddy soils. The release of As and degradation of antibiotics were promoted in 1% PM-FA treatment, with increases of 4.8%-5.6% and 8.3%-8.8% compared with CM-FA and CD-FA treatments, respectively. The coexistence of FA/HA, Fe, As, and antibiotics in soil pore water affected the environmental behavior of ARGs, with FA showing a more positive effect. Species including Bacillus, Geobacter, Desulfitobacterium, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group were considered potential hosts of ARGs, and their resistance to co-contamination increased after the addition of FA. Membrane transport is a potential strategy for host bacteria of ARGs to cope with As-antibiotic complex pressure. These results demonstrate the coupling mechanisms of As, antibiotics, and ARGs regulated by different humic substances in co-contaminated paddy soils, which could support the clean production of rice in agricultural practice.

Cu/Ti co-doping boosting P2-type Fe/Mn-based layered oxide cathodes for high-performance sodium storage.

Environmentally friendly P2-type layered iron manganese oxides appear to be one of the most potential cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, their practical application is hindered by the unfavorable phase transitions, dissolution of transition metals, and poor air stability. One effective strategy by either single-cation doping or high-cost Li involved co-doping is used to alleviate the problems. Here, low-cost Cu/Ti co-doping is introduced to boost P2-Na0.7Cu0.2Fe0.2Mn0.5Ti0.1O2 as an air and electrochemical stable cathode material for SIBs. The resulting electrode delivers an initial capacity of 130 mAh g-1 at 0.1C within 2.0-4.2 V, a reversible discharge capacity of 61.0 mAh g-1 at a high rate of 5C and a capacity retention ratio exceeding 71.1% after 300 cycles. In particular, the co-doped crystal structure is well-maintained after 1 month of exposure to air, and even 3 days of soaking in water. Furthermore, the enhancement is elucidated by the effectively mitigated P2-Z and the completely suppressed P2-P'2 phase transitions, the decreased volume variation proved by in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as the lowered transition-metal dissolution evidenced by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The low-lost Cu/Ti doping strategy could thus be effective for designing and preparing environmentally friendly and high-performance cathode materials for SIBs.