NiCo2 O4 Nanowires Immobilized on Nitrogen-Doped Ti3 C2 Tx for High-Performance Wearable Magnesium-Air Batteries.

Flexible magnesium (Mg)-air batteries provide an ideal platform for developing efficient energy-storage devices toward wearable electronics and bio-integrated power sources. However, high-capacity bio-adaptable Mg-air batteries still face the challenges in low discharge potential and inefficient oxygen electrodes, with poor kinetics property toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, spinel nickel cobalt oxides (NiCo2 O4 ) nanowires immobilized on nitrogen-doped Ti3 C2 Tx (NiCo2 O4 /N-Ti3 C2 Tx ) are reported via surface chemical-bonded effect as oxygen electrodes, wherein surface-doped pyridinic-N-C and Co-pyridinic-N moieties accounted for efficient ORR owing to increased interlayer spacing and changed surrounding environment around Co metals in NiCo2 O4 . Importantly, in polyethylene glycol (PVA)-NaCl neutral gel electrolytes, the NiCo2 O4 /N-Ti3 C2 Tx -assembled quasi-solid wearable Mg-air batteries delivered high open-circuit potential of 1.5 V, good flexibility under various bent angles, high power density of 9.8 mW cm-2 , and stable discharge duration to 12 h without obvious voltage drop at 5 mA cm-2 , which can power a blue flexible light-emitting diode (LED) array and red smart rollable wearable device. The present study stimulates studies to investigate Mg-air batteries involving human-body adaptable neutral electrolytes, which will facilitate the application of Mg-air batteries in portable, flexible, and wearable power sources for electronic devices.

Preparation of magnetic polyacrylamide hydrogel with chitosan for immobilization of glutamate decarboxylase to produce γ-aminobutyric acid.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an vital neurotransmitter, and the reaction to obtain GABA through biocatalysis requires coenzymes, which are therefore limited in the production of GABA. In this study, polyacrylamide hydrogels doped with chitosan and waste toner were synthesized for glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) and coenzyme co-immobilization to realize the production of GABA and the recovery of coenzymes. Enzymatic properties of immobilized GAD were discussed. The immobilized enzymes have significantly improved pH and temperature tolerance compared to free enzymes. In terms of reusability, after 10 repeated reuses of the immobilized GAD, the residual enzyme activity of immobilized GAD still retains 100% of the initial enzyme activity, and the immobilized coenzyme can also be kept at about 32%, with better stability and reusability. And under the control of no exogenous pH, immobilized GAD showed good performance in producing GABA. Therefore, in many ways, the new composite hydrogel provides another way for the utilization of waste toner and promises the possibility of industrial production of GABA.

PPh3/I2 Promoted Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides from Sodium Sulfites and 2-Mercaptobenzo Heterocyclics.

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of unsymmetrical disulfides is reported. Using sodium sulfites and 2-mercaptobenzo heterocyclic compounds as starting materials, the unsymmetrical sulfur-sulfur bonds could be quickly constructed in the PPh3/I2 reaction system under transition-metal-free conditions. This protocol has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, easily available starting materials, and wide substrate scope, showing potential synthetic value for the synthesis of a diversity of biologically or pharmaceutically active compounds.

Activated macrophage membrane-coated nanoparticles relieve osteoarthritis-induced synovitis and joint damage.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint condition that is a leading cause of disability worldwide. There are currently no disease-modifying treatments for osteoarthritis, which is associated with multiple kinds of inflammatory cytokines produced by M1 macrophages in the synovium of the joint. Despite recent therapeutic advancements with anti-cytokine biologics, the OA therapy response rate continues to be inadequate. To treat OA, the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses of synoviocytes and macrophages must be controlled simultaneously. Therefore, the immune regulation capabilities of an ideal nano-drug should not only minimize pro-inflammatory responses but also effectively boost anti-inflammatory responses. In this paper, an M2H@RPK nanotherapeutic system was developed, KAFAK and shRNA-LEPR were condensed with polyethylenimine (PEI) to form a complex, which was then modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) to negatively charge to cover the M2 membrane. It was discovered that the repolarization of macrophages from the M1 to the M2 phenotype lowered pro-inflammatory responses while enhancing anti-inflammatory responses in macrophages and synoviocytes. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that M2H@RPK dramatically decreases proinflammatory cytokines, controls synovial inflammation, and provides significant therapeutic efficacy by reducing joint damage. Overall, it has been demonstrated that M2H@RPK provides inflammation-targeted therapy by macrophage repolarization, and it represents a promising OA therapeutic strategy.

RGD peptide modified platinum nanozyme Co-loaded glutathione-responsive prodrug nanoparticles for enhanced chemo-photodynamic bladder cancer therapy.

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the urinary system worldwide. The poor permeability and uncontrollable release of drug and hypoxia of tumor tissues were the main reasons leading to poor therapeutic effect of chemo-photodynamic therapy for bladder cancer. To solve the above problems, a tumor-targeting peptide Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) modified platinum nanozyme (PtNP) co-loaded glutathione (GSH)-responsive prodrug nanoparticles (PTX-SS-HPPH/Pt@RGD-NP) was constructed. Firstly, a GSH-responsive prodrug (PTX-SS-HPPH) was prepared by introducing a disulfide bond between paclitaxel (PTX) and photosensitizer 2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH), which could realize the GSH-responsive release of the drug at the tumor sites. Also, the distearoylphosphoethanolamine-poly (ethylene glycol)-RGD peptide (DSPE-PEG-RGD) modified the prodrug to enhance the targeting and permeability ability to bladder cancer cells. Besides, to alleviate the hypoxia of tumor tissues, PtNP was introduced to produce oxygen (O2) and improve photodynamic therapy efficiency. The results showed that the PTX-SS-HPPH/Pt@RGD-NP could achieve GSH-responsive drug release in tumor microenvironment, enhance the drug accumulation time and permeability at tumor sites in T24 subcutaneous tumor model and T24 orthotopic bladder tumor model, and alleviate hypoxia in tumor tissues, thus realizing enhanced chemo-photodynamic therapy for bladder cancer, and providing new strategies and methods for clinical treatment of bladder cancer.

Synthesis of Unsymmetric Thiosulfonates Starting from N-Substituted O-Thiocarbamates: Easy Access to the S-SO2 Bond.

Using phenyliodine diacetate as an oxidant and nickel acetate as a promoter, a wide range of unsymmetric thiosulfonates could be furnished easily in moderate to excellent yields starting from N-substituted O-thiocarbamates and sodium sulfinates. This protocol features mild conditions, short reaction times, and high atomic utilization, which can provide an alternative method for the synthesis of unsymmetric thiosulfonates. In addition, the reaction could be scaled up on a gram scale, showing potential application value in industry.

Tumor-targeted/reduction-triggered composite multifunctional nanoparticles for breast cancer chemo-photothermal combinational therapy.

Breast cancer has become the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in the world. A combination of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy (PTT) has emerged as a promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. However, the intricacy of precise delivery and the ability to initiate drug release in specific tumor sites remains a challenging puzzle. Therefore, to ensure that the therapeutic agents are synchronously delivered to the tumor site for their synergistic effect, a multifunctional nanoparticle system (PCRHNs) is developed, which is grafted onto the prussian blue nanoparticles (PB NPs) by reduction-responsive camptothecin (CPT) prodrug copolymer, and then modified with tumor-targeting peptide cyclo(Asp-d-Phe-Lys-Arg-Gly) (cRGD) and hyaluronic acid (HA). PCRHNs exhibited nano-sized structure with good monodispersity, high load efficiency of CPT, triggered CPT release in response to reduction environment, and excellent photothermal conversion under laser irradiation. Furthermore, PCRHNs can act as a photoacoustic imaging contrast agent-guided PTT. In vivo studies indicate that PCRHNs exhibited excellent biocompatibility, prolonged blood circulation, enhanced tumor accumulation, allow tumor-specific chemo-photothermal therapy to achieve synergistic antitumor effects with reduced systemic toxicity. Moreover, hyperthermia-induced upregulation of heat shock protein 70 in the tumor cells could be inhibited by CPT. Collectively, PCRHNs may be a promising therapeutic way for breast cancer therapy.

Macrophage Membrane-Camouflaged shRNA and Doxorubicin: A pH-Dependent Release System for Melanoma Chemo-Immunotherapy.

Improving the efficacy of melanoma treatment remains an important global challenge. Here, we combined chemotherapy with protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2(Ptpn2) based immunotherapy in an effort to address this challenge. Short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Ptpn2 was coencapsulated with doxorubicin (DOX) in the cell membrane of M1 macrophages (M1HD@RPR). The prepared nanoparticles (NPs) were effectively phagocytosed by B16F10 cells and M1 macrophages, but not by M0 macrophages. Hence, NP evasion from the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was improved and NP enrichment in tumor sites increased. M1HD@RPR can directly kill tumor cells and stimulate immunogenic cell death (ICD) by DOX and downregulate Ptpn2. It can promote M1 macrophage polarization and dendritic cell maturation and increase the proportion of CD8+ T cells. M1HD@RPR killed and inhibited the growth of primary melanoma and lung metastatic tumor cells without harming the surrounding tissue. These findings establish M1HD@RPR as a safe multifunctional nanoparticle capable of effectively combining chemotherapy and gene immunotherapies against melanoma.

Nanoparticle encapsulated CQ/TAM combination harmonizes with MSCs in arresting progression of severity in AP mice through iNOS (IDO) signaling.

Background: Sever acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a critical disease with high mortality, and lack of clinically available treatments with specificity and effectiveness. Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) exhibited moderate effect on AP which needs further improvement. Methods: Pancreatic infiltrating lymphocytes were analyzed to demonstrate the intervention of BMSCs on inflammatory cell infiltration of AP. Gene silencing with siRNA and small molecule inhibitor were utilized to determine the key effector molecule of BMSCs on AP. Pharmacological regulation and nanotechnology were introduced to further ameliorate BMSCs action. Results: It was revealed that BMSCs prevent the progression of acute pancreatitis (AP) by reducing recruitment of macrophages, neutrophils and CD4+T cells in the lesion site. The pivotal role of chemokine-iNOS-IDO axis for BMSCs to intervene AP was confirmed. Compared with any single drug, Chloroquine/Tamoxifen combination together with IFN-γ pronouncedly up-regulated the transcription of several MSC immune regulators such as COX-2, PD-L1, HO-1 especially iNOS/IDO. As expected, BMSCs and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) pretreated with CQ/TAM/IFN-γ exerted enhanced intervention in AP and SAP mice. Moreover, pretreatment with CQ-LPs/TAM-NPs combination not only counteracted MSCs proliferation inhibition induced by free drugs but also enhanced their efficacy. Conclusion: Under the background of rapid progress in MSCs clinical translation, this study focuses on the urgent clinical issue and initiates an original mechanism-based strategy to promote intervention on severity progression of SAP, which promises its clinical translation in future.

UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of voriconazole plasma concentration from pediatric patients with hematologic tumors: An application toward personalized therapy.

Untreated invasive fungal infection is one of the important risk factors affecting the prognosis of pediatric patients with hematologic tumors. Voriconazole (VOR) is the first-line antifungal drug for the treatment of Aspergillus infections. In order to reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions while producing an ideal antifungal effect, therapeutic drug monitoring was performed to maintain the VOR plasma concentration in a range of 1,000-5,500 ng/ml. In the present study, a reliable, accurate, sensitive and quick ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of the VOR level. Protein precipitation was performed using acetonitrile, and then the chromatographic separation was carried out by UPLC using a C18 column with the gradient mobile phases comprising 0.1% methanoic acid in acetonitrile (A) and 0.1% methanoic acid in water (B). In the selective reaction monitor mode, the mass spectrometric detection was carried out using an TSQ Endura triple quadruple mass spectrometer. The performance of this UPLC-MS/MS method was validated as per the National Medical Products Administration for Bioanalytical Method Validation. Additionally, the plasma concentrations of VOR in pediatric patients with hematologic tumors were detected using this method, and the analyzed results were used for personalized therapy.

An effective immobilization of ß-glucosidases by partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates.

Enzyme immobilization provides ideal operating conditions for enzymes stabilization and sustainable recycling. In this work, as a kind of clay material, montmorillonite (MTL) was chosen for immobilizing the ß-glucosidase extracted from Agrocybe aegirit. The immobilized ß-glucosidase via partly cross-linking enzyme aggregates (pCLEAs) formed by self-catalysis provided biocatalysts with satisfactory thermal and pH stability. Compared to the glutaraldehyde cross-linked, the immobilized ß-glucosidase (ß-G-pCLEAs@MTL) exhibited significantly higher immobilization efficiency (IE) and immobilization yield (IY), which were 80.6% and 76.9%, respectively. The ß-G-pCLEAs@MTL also showed better stability and preferable reusability. And the activity of the ß-G-pCLEAs@MTL remained 85.0% after 5 cycles and 74.7% after 10 cycles. Therefore, the method based on the pre- crosslinking to form pCLEAs and after-immobilization can effectively improve IY and IE. In addition, MTL seems to be a good alternative carrier to immobilize other enzymes for industrial application.

Tumor microenvironment-responsive Ag2S-PAsp(DOX)-cRGD nanoparticles-mediated photochemotherapy enhances the immune response to tumor therapy.

Chemotherapy drugs play important roles in clinical treatment, and most first-line regimens of cancer therapy contain chemotherapy drugs. In particular, some chemotherapeutic drugs can also produce ICD effect and enhance the immune response of the body. However, most chemotherapy drugs do not specifically target tumors or the complex tumor microenvironment, which renders their curative effect insufficient. Therefore, we constructed a tumor microenvironment-responsive drug delivery system (Ag2S-PAsp-cRGD) combined with doxorubicin (DOX) for tumor therapy. Firstly, Ag2S nanoparticles (NPs) were modified with polymer aspartic acid (PAsp) to construct the drug-loading platform. Then, an active targeting ligand (cRGD) was coupled through an amide reaction to enhance the functional targeting ability of the drug delivery system. In vivo imaging of the system showed that the nanoparticles accumulated in the tumor site, which facilitated the delivery of the chemotherapy drug DOX to the targeted tumor site. Furthermore, the photothermal effect of Ag2S NPs can effectively killed tumor cells, and also helped the release of DOX from nanoparticles into tumor tissue, thus enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect. Moreover, combined with the ICD effect jointly induced by photothermal therapy (PTT) and DOX, the treatment further activated the host immune response against tumors by enhancing the presentation of antigens and promoting the differentiation of T cells. This strategy of photo-chemo-immunotherapy showed excellent antitumor effect, not only eliminating the primary tumor but also preventing recurrence and inhibiting metastasis.

Adoptive CD8+T-cell grafted with liposomal immunotherapy drugs to counteract the immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and enhance therapy for melanoma.

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment has become a formidable obstacle to the treatment of tumors using adoptive T cell therapy, in particular solid tumors. For the purposes of addressing this issue, effector OT-1 CD8+T cells conjugated with liposomal immune regulators (CD8-T-LP-CpG/CD8-T-LP-BMS-202) were developed. An anionic liposome formulation was employed to avoid T cell aggregation and prevent unfavorable side-effects. The inclusion of EGCG in the LP-CpG formulation facilitated the formation of compact complexes with poly lysine (PLL) and is thus expected to increase the stability. CD8-T-LP-CpG administered with a median dose of CpG (20 µg per mouse) markedly reduced the frequency of tumor infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocyte myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) (20-folds), M2-like macrophages (8-folds), regulatory T-cells (Treg) (2.7-folds), and consequently increased the frequency of cytotoxic CD8+T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (2-folds) and splenic effector memory CD8+T cells (3-folds) relative to the phosphate buffered saline (PBS) control group. Furthermore, the absolute number of tumor infiltrating lymphocyte subtypes altered followed a consistent trend. The difference remained significant compared to the OT-1 CD8+T cells and the drug-loaded liposome combination group. According to in vivo imaging of CD8-T-LP-DiD, we assumed that the improvement in regulation of the tumor microenvironment of LP-CpG/LP-BMS-202 was attributed to the enhanced drug transportation to the tumor site aided by tumor-specific OT-1 CD8+T cells. In addition, CD8-T-LP-BMS-202 administered with a low dose of BMS-202 (1.5 mg per kg body weight) exerted a dramatically improved therapeutic effect by reducing the tumor infiltrating PMN-MDSCs and M2-like macrophages and the corresponding promoted cytotoxic CD8+T cell recruitment in the TILs and effector memory CD8+T cells mediated anti-tumor immunity. In summary, immune therapy drugs backpacked onto adoptive T cell therapy provides a feasible strategy to improve the therapeutic effect and could result in future clinical translation.

Combination Foretinib and Anti-PD-1 Antibody Immunotherapy for Colorectal Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have achieved unprecedented success in cancer immunotherapy. However, the overall response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for many cancers is only between 20 and 40%, and even less for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient immunotherapeutic strategy for CRC. Here, we developed a novel CRC combination therapy consisting of a multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (Foretinib) and anti-PD-1 antibody. The combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in mice, led to improved tumor regression without relapse (83% for CT26 tumors and 50% for MC38 tumors) and prolonged overall survival. Mechanistically, Foretinib caused increased levels of PD-L1 via activating the JAK2-STAT1 pathway, which could improve the effectiveness of the immune checkpoint inhibitor. Moreover, the combination therapy remodeled the tumor microenvironment and enhanced anti-tumor immunity by further increasing the infiltration and improving the function of T cells, decreasing the percentage of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and inhibiting their polarization toward the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, the combination therapy inhibited the metastasis of CT26-Luc tumors to the lung in BALB/c mouse by reducing proportions of regulatory T-cells, TAMs and M2 phenotype TAMs in their lungs. This study suggests that a novel combination therapy utilizing both Foretinib and anti-PD-1 antibody could be an effective combination strategy for CRC immunotherapy.

Rapid Electrochemical Screening of Phenylketonuria Maker Depending on Dehydrogenase Attached to the Pt-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a common disease associated with amino acid metabolism, and usually occurs in newborns. It can cause serious neurological diseases and even death. However, owing to inadequate-effective treatment, it can only be slowed by a low-phenylalanine (Phe) diet. In addition, PKU screening is essential for newborns in many countries. Therefore, rapid screening is crucial for preventing damage and meeting the large sample diagnosis demand. For confirmed patients, a convenient method to monitor their regular Phe levels is required. However, current clinical methods do not meet the rapid screening and convenient monitoring requirements. Herein, a rapid and facile electrochemical device based on platinum-doped reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites was developed to detect PKU biomarker-Phe. The results demonstrated that the developed electrode has great sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. The detection range was 0.0001 mM to 6 mM with a limit of detection of 0.01 µM. Therefore, this work offers a simple and rapid method for point-of-care PKU screening and daily monitoring.

Erratum to "Near-infrared responsive 5-fluorouracil and indocyanine green loaded MPEG-PCL nanoparticle integrated with dissolvable microneedle for skin cancer therapy" [Bioact. Mater. 5 (2020) 542-552].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.04.002.].

The construction of a lymphoma cell-based, DC-targeted vaccine, and its application in lymphoma prevention and cure.

In recent years, Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has been one of the most fast-growing malignant tumor diseases. NHL poses severe damages to physical health and a heavy burden to patients. Traditional therapies (chemotherapy or radiotherapy) bring some benefit to patients, but have severe adverse effects and do not prevent relapse. The relevance of emerging immunotherapy options (immune-checkpoint blockers or adoptive cellular methods) for NHL remains uncertain, and more intensive evaluations are needed. In this work, inspired by the idea of vaccination to promote an immune response to destroy tumors, we used a biomaterial-based strategy to improve a tumor cell-based vaccine and constructed a novel vaccine named Man-EG7/CH@CpG with antitumor properties. In this vaccine, natural tumor cells are used as a vector to load CpG-ODN, and following lethal irradiation, the formulations were decorated with mannose. The study of the characterization of the double-improved vaccine evidenced the enhanced ability of DCs targeting and improved immunocompetence, which displayed an antitumor function. In the lymphoma prevention model, the Man-EG7/CH@CpG vaccine restrained tumor formation with high efficiency. Furthermore, unlike the non-improved vaccine, the double-improved vaccine elicited an enhanced antitumor effect in the lymphoma treatment model. Next, to improve the moderate therapeutic effect of the mono-treatment method, we incorporated a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) into the process of vaccination and devised a combination regimen. Fortunately, a tumor inhibition rate of ~85% was achieved via the combination therapy, which could not be achieved by mono-chemotherapy or mono-immunotherapy. In summary, the strategy presented here may provide a novel direction in the establishment of a tumor vaccine and is the basis for a prioritization scheme of immuno-chemotherapy in enhancing the therapeutic effect on NHL.

Expression and Clinical Significance of CMTM6 in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer.

Chemokine-like factor (CKLF)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing protein 6 (CMTM6) is a ubiquitously expressed protein, which plays a critical role in the stability of programmed death-ligand 1. However, the expression of CMTM6 in a variety of cancer pathological tissues is not clear. Therefore, 109 patients who were diagnosed with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and underwent surgical resection were included in this retrospective study. The expression of CMTM6 in NSCLC patients' tissue samples were measured by immunohistochemistry and the results showed that 60 cases (55.05%) had high CMTM6 expression. The chi-square test showed that the expression of CMTM6 in NSCLC was significantly related to smoking (p = 0.017) and differentiation (p = 0.029). The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that the high expression of CMTM6 was associated with better prognosis of NSCLC patients. The univariate analysis revealed that the prognosis of NSCLC patients was correlated with T stage (p = 0.042), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.007), metastasis (p = 0.009), pathological differentiation (p = 0.001), and CMTM6 expression level (p < 0.001). In addition, multivariate analysis indicated that CMTM6 was an independent prognostic factor for NSCLC patients (p = 0.002). CMTM6 expression may have the potential to be a biomarker assisting in disease monitoring and prognosis in NSCLC.

Polymeric Nanoparticles with ROS-Responsive Prodrug and Platinum Nanozyme for Enhanced Chemophotodynamic Therapy of Colon Cancer.

The combination of chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) has promising potential in the synergistic treatment of cancer. However, chemotherapy and photodynamic synergistic therapy are impeded by uncontrolled chemotherapeutics release behavior, targeting deficiencies, and hypoxia-associated poor PDT efficacy in solid tumors. Here, a platinum nanozyme (PtNP) loaded reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive prodrug nanoparticle (CPT-TK-HPPH/Pt NP) is created to overcome these limitations. The ROS-responsive prodrug consists of a thioketal bond linked with camptothecin (CPT) and photosensitizer-2-(1-hexyloxyethyl)-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a (HPPH). The PtNP in CPT-TK-HPPH/Pt NP can efficiently catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into oxygen to relieve hypoxia. The production of oxygen can satisfy the consumption of HPPH under 660 nm laser irradiation to attain the on-demand release of CPT and ensure enhanced photodynamic therapy. As a tumor diagnosis agent, the results of photoacoustic imaging and fluorescence imaging for CPT-TK-HPPH/Pt NP exhibit desirable long circulation and enhanced in vivo targeting. CPT-TK-HPPH/Pt NPs effectively inhibit tumor proliferation and growth in vitro and in vivo. CPT-TK-HPPH/Pt NP, with its excellent ROS-responsive drug release behavior and enhanced PDT efficiency can serve as a new cancer theranostic agent, and will further promote the research of chemophotodynamic synergistic cancer therapy.

A convenient and rapid method for detecting d-glucose in honey used smartphone.

Information concerning food composition, including information on its glucose content, is essential for modern food industry due to greater consumer awareness and expectations. In this work, the gene encoding d-glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) from Bacillus Natto was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) firstly. Ni-IDA column was used for the purification of GDH. Then, the purified GDH was used to construct a color system with stable and effective measurement of concentration of d-glucose. The smart phone photographing and the software Microsoft Photoshop have been used in the system for determination of the color. The enzymatic analysis system can detect the concentration of d-glucose from 5 mM to 40 mM, and other various sugars has no interference to the system. The system was used to quantitatively detect the concentration of d-glucose in honey. The system can be used for convenient and rapid detection of d-glucose in food, especially for large numbers of samples.