Pediatric School Outreach: Clinical Needs of an Urban Student Population.

Pediatric School Outreach (PSO) is a school-based health center (SBHC) in an urban elementary school in Toronto, Canada. PSO focuses on developmental, behavioral, mental health, and educational concerns. A retrospective chart review aimed to characterize demographics, diagnoses, and referrals of patients attending PSO. Of 137 children, ages 2 to 15 years, 73.7% were male; 58.1% had a household annual income of <$30 000 CAD. Possible or confirmed diagnoses included attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (48.5%), learning disability (35.6%), anxiety (22.0%), autism spectrum disorder (16.7%), oppositional defiant disorder (14.4%), and expressive language delay (11.4%). Involvement of community mental health and other agencies was advised in 37.9% of cases. Psychoeducational testing was recommended for 25.0% of patients. Results suggest the need for timely developmental testing, particularly for autism spectrum disorder, and accessible learning disability diagnostic support. There is potential for expansion of interprofessional care at PSO, including psychology, psychiatry, social work, and behavior therapy.

Carbon nanotube separation by electronic type using a single surfactant-based density-induced separation method.

We demonstrate a simple and efficient method for separating metallic from semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) using density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Density differences between metallic and semiconducting SWNTs, which enable SWNT separation by electronic type, are created using a single surfactant, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), rather than a complex mixtures of surfactant, as is used in current separation schemes. SDS strongly adsorbs onto the surface of metallic SWNTs over semiconducting SWNTs by the mirror-charge phenomenon. Therefore, metallic SWNT-SDS assemblies have relatively smaller buoyant densities than semiconducting SWNT-SDS assemblies; thus, the metallic assemblies are easily collected at the most buoyant top fractions, whereas the semiconducting assemblies are collected at the bottom fractions. We also demonstrate that this protocol is valid regardless of the SWNT production method; that is, SWNTs grown by high-pressure carbon monoxide conversion (HiPco) and the arc discharge method. Optical absorption shows that the heavy bottom fractions consist of highly pure semiconducting nanotubes, whereas the buoyant top fractions consist of highly pure metallic nanotubes. In addition, films made of the separated metallic SWNTs exhibit lower sheet resistances than unsorted SWNTs by 53% for arc discharged and 64% for HiPco SWNTs, as expected.