Construction of aldehyde-based, ester-based hyper-cross-linked polar resin and its selective adsorption mechanism for phenol in coal chemical wastewater.

Efficient and precise recovery of phenol from coal chemical wastewater (CCW) poses a significant challenge, prompting the development of a novel aldehyde-based, ester-based hyper-cross-linked polar resin (DES-COOC-CHO) in this study. Two distinct functional group modification methods were employed to enhance the screening effect of the resin. SEM, FT-IR, NMR, XPS, and BET characterizations confirmed the successful construction of the hyper-cross-linked polar resin, incorporation aldehyde and ester groups, exhibiting a special surface area of 627.2 m2/g and a microporous specific surface area percentage of 29.94%. DES-COOC-CHO adhered to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir model (maximum adsorption capacity of 118.0 mg/g). Its adsorption of phenol was spontaneous chemisorption, monolayer adsorption. Notably, even after undergoing 20 adsorption-desorption cycles, the resin maintained a stable adsorption capacity, showcasing excellent recoverability. In the presence of phenols sharing similar properties, DES-COOC-CHO exhibited superior selectivity for phenol. In real CCW, it achieved a remarkable 90% selective removal rate of phenol. The primary selective mechanism relied on the hydrogen bonding effect facilitated by aldehyde and ester groups, coupled with microporous sieving of appropriate size. In comparison with other adsorbent materials, DES-COOC-CHO exhibited superior adsorption properties, coupled with a cost-effective preparation process, presenting significant potential for practical applications.

Estimating the Spatial Distribution and Future Conservation Requirements of the Spotted Seal in the North Pacific.

Local adaptation has been increasingly involved in the designation of species conservation strategies to response to climate change. Marine mammals, as apex predators, are climatechange sensitive, and their spatial distribution and conservation requirements are critically significant for designing protection strategies. In this study, we focused on an ice-breeding marine mammal, the spotted seal (Phoca largha), which exhibits distinct morphological and genetic variations across its range. Our objectives were to quantify the ecological niches of three spotted seal populations, construct the species-level model and population-level models that represent different regions in the Bering population (BDPS), Okhotsk population (ODPS) and southern population (SDPS), and conduct a conservation gap analysis. Our findings unequivocally demonstrated a clear niche divergence among the three populations. We predicted habitat contraction for the BDPS and ODPS driven by climate change; in particular, the spotted seals inhabiting Liaodong Bay may face breeding habitat loss. However, most spotted seal habitats are not represented in existing marine protected areas. Drawing upon these outcomes, we propose appropriate conservation policies to effectively protect the habitat of the different geographical populations of spotted seals. Our research addresses the importance of incorporating local adaptation into species distribution modeling to inform conservation and management strategies.