RESUMO
In March 2013, the first patient infected with the avian influenza A H7N9 virus was identified in China. The infection progressed rapidly, and the patient died of ARDS. During hospitalization, the patient was suspected of having an infectious respiratory disease, and contingency plans for public health emergencies were promptly started. When the viral infection was identified, strict procedures for disinfection and protection were carried out. None of the health care workers involved in the management of the patient were infected.
Assuntos
Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/isolamento & purificação , Influenza Humana/diagnóstico , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , China , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Controle de Infecções , Subtipo H7N9 do Vírus da Influenza A/genética , Influenza Humana/terapia , Leucocitose/virologia , Masculino , Ventilação não Invasiva , Isolamento de Pacientes , Radiografia Torácica , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/terapia , Síndrome do Desconforto Respiratório/virologiaRESUMO
Vinflunine tartrate-loaded liposomes (VT-L) with two drug-to-lipid ratios were prepared by pH gradient method. Vesicle size and zeta potential were determined by the Zetasizer Nano ZS. Entrapment efficiency was evaluated by cation exchange resin centrifugalization method. The toxicity and tumor inhibition to nude mouse administrated by VT-L with different drug-to-lipid ratios were investigated and compared with the vinflunine tartrate injection (VT-I). The results showed that the mean particle size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency of the VT-L with drug-to-lipid ratios of 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were 124.6 nm and 128.3 nm, -25.3 mV and -22.8 mV, 94.46% and 97.31%, respectively. The VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios has significantly higher anti-tumor effect to nude mouse transplanted human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 and lower toxicity than VT-I. While there were no significant differences in anti-tumor effect and toxicity between VT-L with two different drug-to-lipid ratios.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Tartaratos/farmacologia , Carga Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Vimblastina/análogos & derivados , Animais , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/toxicidade , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Portadores de Fármacos , Composição de Medicamentos , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Feminino , Humanos , Lipossomos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Transplante de Neoplasias , Tamanho da Partícula , Distribuição Aleatória , Tartaratos/administração & dosagem , Tartaratos/química , Tartaratos/toxicidade , Vimblastina/administração & dosagem , Vimblastina/química , Vimblastina/farmacologia , Vimblastina/toxicidadeRESUMO
Ranolazine hydrochloride sustained-release tablet (RH-ST) was prepared and its release behavior in vitro was studied. The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability in six Beagle dogs after oral administration of RH-ST and ranolazine hydrochloride common tablets (RH-CT) as reference were compared. Three kinds of matrix, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC K4M), ethylcellulose (EC 100cp) and acrylic resins (Eudragit RL100) were selected as functional excipients to keep ranolazine hydrochloride (RH) release for 12 hours. Through orthogonal designs, the polymers were quantified and the optimized cumulative release profile was obtained. The single oral dose of RH-ST 500 mg and RH-CT 333.3 mg was given to six dogs using a two way crossover design. Plasma levels were determined by LC-MS and the absorption fractions were calculated according to Loo-Riegelman formula. The steady-state concentration of RH in plasma of six dogs and its pharmacokinetics behaviors after continuous oral administration of RH-ST and RH-CT at different time intervals were studied by LC-MS. The steady-state pharmacokinetic parameters were computed by software program BAPP2.0. With the increase of the amount of the matrix, the drug release was decreased. The most important factor influencing drug release is the quantity of HPMC K4M. Drug release within the period (from 0 h to 12 h) fitted well into Higuchi model. The correlation coefficient (r) between the dissolution in vitro in release media of the distilled water and the absorptin fraction in vivo was 0.9550. To compare with RH-CT, RH-ST in vivo has a steady and slow release behavior, Tmax was obviously delayed (3.00 +/- 0.50) h and the relative bioavailability was over 80 percentage. The combined use of multiple polymers can decrease the tablet weight effectively, and the drug release rate can be decreased both in vitro and in vivo.