RESUMO
The aim is to compare the efficacy and safety between single percutaneous nephrolithotomy (sPNL) and antegrade flexible ureteroscopy-assisted percutaneous nephrolithotomy (aPNL) for the treatment of staghorn calculi. A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted at the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University. A total of 160 eligible patients were included, with 81 in the sPNL group and 79 in the aPNL group. The study first compared the overall differences between sPNL and aPNL. Then, the patients were divided into two subgroups: Group 1 (with less than 5 stone branches) and Group 2 (with 5 or more stone branches), and the differences between the two subgroups were further analyzed. The results showed that aPNL had a higher stone-free rate (SFR) and required fewer percutaneous tracts, with a shorter operation time compared to sPNL (P < 0.05). Moreover, aPNL significantly reduced the need for staged surgery, particularly in patients with 5 or more stone branches. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the changes of hemoglobin levels and the need for blood transfusions between the sPNL and aPNL groups, and the incidence of multiple tracts was lower in the aPNL group. The two groups showed comparable rates of perioperative complications. We concluded that aPNL resulted in a higher SFR for staghorn calculi, and required fewer multiple percutaneous tracts, reduced the need for staged surgery, and had a shorter operative time than PNL alone, especially for patients with 5 or more stone branches. Furthermore, aPNL did not increase the incidence of surgical complications.
Assuntos
Cálculos Renais , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea , Nefrostomia Percutânea , Cálculos Coraliformes , Humanos , Cálculos Coraliformes/cirurgia , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrolitotomia Percutânea/métodos , Ureteroscopia/efeitos adversos , Ureteroscopia/métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Cálculos Renais/cirurgia , Nefrostomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrostomia Percutânea/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Calcium oxalate kidney stone has become an urgent issue due to its high incidence and recurrence rate. Thus, it is necessary to explore for mechanisms of calcium oxalate stones formation. Previous studies demonstrated that oxalate crystals could induce the activation of nucleotidebinding domain and leucinerich repeatcontaining family pyrin domaincontaining 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and change the renal tubular epithelium adhesion. However, the type and molecular mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasomemediated calcium oxalate stones formation still need to be further investigated. In the present study, it was confirmed that the NLRP3gasdermin D (GSDMD) signaling was involved in oxalateinduced cell injury in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production could effectively prevent the NLRP3 inflammasome formation in oxalatetreated HK2 cells. NLRP3 gene silence could inhibit the DNA damage and cellular membrane injury of HK2 cells treated with oxalate. The ultrastructural changes of several organelles and particular structures, similar to typical cell pyroptosis, were observed in oxalatestimulated HK2 cells. NLRP3 gene silence could antagonize the oxalateinduced injury and ultrastructure changes. Additionally, NSA (GSDMD inhibitor) could prevent the oxalateinduced injury of membrane integrity in HK2 cells. Moreover, oxalate crystals were significantly decreased in GSDMD/ mice compared with wildtype mice with glyoxylic acid. Together, NLRP3GSDMD pathway was involved in the oxalateinduced pyroptotic injury in HK2 cells. GSDMD and its cleavage form GSDMDN played an important role in the oxalateinduced renal cell injury and oxalate calcium crystals formation in vitro and in vivo. This provided a new target for prevention and treatment of oxalate nephropathy and oxalate calcium stones.