Risk of early-onset dementia among persons with tinnitus: a retrospective case-control study.

Higher rates of poor cognitive performance are known to prevail among persons with tinnitus in all age groups. However, no study has explored the association between tinnitus and early-onset dementia. We hypothesize that tinnitus may precede or occur concurrently with subclinical or early onset dementia in adults younger than 65 years of age. This case-control study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database, identifying 1308 patients with early-onset dementia (dementia diagnosed before 65 years of age) and 1308 matched controls. We used multivariable logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for prior tinnitus among patients with dementia versus controls. Among total 2616 sample participants, the prevalence of prior tinnitus was 18%, 21.5% among cases and 14.5% among controls (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed and adjusted OR for prior tinnitus of 1.6 for cases versus controls (95% CI: 1.3 ~ 2.0). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and medical co-morbidities, patients with early-onset dementia had a 67% higher likelihood of having prior tinnitus (OR = 1.628; 95% CI = 1.321-2.006). Our findings showed that pre-existing tinnitus was associated with a 68% increased risk of developing early-onset dementia among young and middle-aged adults. The results call for greater awareness of tinnitus as a potential harbinger of future dementia in this population.

Correction to: Increased risk of tinnitus following a trigeminal neuralgia diagnosis: a one-year follow-up study.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Increased risk of tinnitus following a trigeminal neuralgia diagnosis: a one-year follow-up study.

BACKGROUND: Tinnitus due to hyperactivity across neuronal ensembles along the auditory pathway is reported. We hypothesized that trigeminal neuralgia patients may subsequently suffer from tinnitus. Using nationwide, population-based data and a retrospective cohort study design, we investigated the risk of tinnitus within 1 year following trigeminal neuralgia. METHODS: We used the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Dataset, a claims database, to identify all patients diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia from January 2001 to December 2014, 12,587 patients. From the remaining patients, we identified 12,587 comparison patients without trigeminal neuralgia by propensity score matching, using sex, age, monthly income, geographic region, residential urbanization level, and tinnitus-relevant comorbidities (hyperlipidemia, diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, cervical spondylosis, temporomandibular joint disorders and injury to head and neck and index year). All study patients (n = 25,174) were tracked for a one-year period to identify those with a subsequent diagnosis of tinnitus over 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Among total 25,174 sample patients, the incidence of tinnitus was 18.21 per 100 person-years (95% CI = 17.66 ~ 18.77), the rate being 23.57 (95% CI = 22.68 ~ 24.49) among patients with trigeminal neuralgia and 13.17 (95% CI = 12.53 ~ 13.84) among comparison patients. Furthermore, the adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratio for tinnitus in the trigeminal neuralgia group was 1.68 (95% CI = 1.58 ~ 1.80) relative to the comparison cohort. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significantly increased risk of tinnitus within 1 year of trigeminal neuralgia diagnosis compared to those without the diagnosis. Further studies in other countries and ethnicities are needed to explore the relationship between trigeminal neuralgia and subsequent tinnitus.

Association between mitral valve prolapse and sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A case-control population-based study.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and MVP using a population-based dataset. Data for this case-control study were retrieved from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database. In total, 3399 cases of newly diagnosed SSNHL were identified. We used propensity score matching to select 3399 comparison patients (one for every case) from the same dataset. The selected matching variables included age, sex, monthly income, geographical location, urbanization level of the patient's residence, hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia. Chi-squared tests were used to compare differences in sociodemographic characteristics, while conditional logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association of SSNHL with previously diagnosed MVP. Of the 6798 sampled subjects, 131 (1.93%) patients had received a diagnosis of MVP prior to the index date. A significant difference in the prevalence of prior MVP between cases and controls (2.41% vs. 1.44%, p = 0.004) was observed. The conditional logistic regression analysis conditioned on gender, age, monthly income, urbanization level, geographic region, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypertension suggested that the odds ratio of prior MVP for cases was 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18~2.42) compared to controls. Our study found that patients with MVP had a 1.69-fold higher risk of getting SSNHL compared to patients without MVP.