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The fermentation process has a significant impact on the aromatic profile of wines, particularly in relation to the difference in fermentation matrix caused by grape varieties. This study investigates the leaching and evolution patterns of aroma compounds in Vitis vinifera L. Marselan and Merlot during an industrial-scale vinification process, including the stages of cold soak, alcohol fermentation, malolactic fermentation, and one-year bottle storage. The emphasis is on the differences between the two varieties. The results indicated that most alcohols were rapidly leached during the cold soak stage. Certain C6 alcohols, terpenes, and norisoprenoids showed faster leaching rates in 'Marselan', compared to 'Merlot'. Some branched chain fatty-acid esters, such as ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate, and ethyl lactate, consistently increased during the fermentation and bottling stages, with faster accumulation observed in 'Marselan'. The study combines the Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) model based on odor activity values to elucidate the accumulation of these ethyl esters during bottle storage, compensating for the reduction in fruity aroma resulting from decreased levels of (E)-ß-damascenone. The 'Marselan' wine exhibited a more pronounced floral aroma due to its higher level of linalool, compared to the 'Merlot' wine. The study unveils the distinctive variation patterns of aroma compounds from grapes to wine across grape varieties. This provides a theoretical framework for the precise regulation of wine aroma and flavor, and holds significant production value.
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Fermentação , Odorantes , Vitis , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis , Vinho , Vitis/química , Vinho/análise , Odorantes/análise , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/análise , Frutas/química , Álcoois/análise , Terpenos/análise , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
In this work, shrimp shell-derived magnetic NiFe2O4/N, O co-doped porous carbon nanozyme with superior oxidase (OXD)-like activity was prepared and used for colorimetric/photothermal/smartphone dual-signal triple-mode detection of antioxidants in fruits and beverages. The magnetic NiFe2O4/N, O co-doped porous carbon (MNPC) material was triumphantly fabricated using a combined in-situ surface chelation and pyrolysis method. The resultant MNPC composite exhibits a superior OXD-like activity, which can effectively oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for yielding colorimetric/temperature dual-signal (CTDS) in absence of H2O2. This CTDS output sensor was successfully used for the determination of ascorbic acid and tannic acid. The proposed CTDS sensor with good specificity and high sensitivity can satisfy different on-site analysis requirements. Interestingly, the MNPC as a sustainable filler was further used for improving packaging properties of polyvinyl alcohol film. In short, this work offers a large-scale and cheap method to fabricate magnetic carbon-based nanozyme for monitoring antioxidants and ameliorating packaging properties.
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Óxido de Alumínio , Antioxidantes , Peróxido de Hidrogênio , Óxido de Magnésio , Polifenóis , Porosidade , Carbono , ColorimetriaRESUMO
It is widely accepted that prevéraison application of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) can delay the ripening of grapes and improve their quality. However, how NAA impacts grape aroma compound concentrations remains unclear. This study incorporated the analyses of aroma metabolome, phytohormones, and transcriptome of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Cabernet Sauvignon grapes cultivated in continental arid/semiarid regions of western China. The analyses demonstrated that NAA application increased ß-damascenone and 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (TDN) in the harvested grapes by delaying véraison and upregulating VvPSY1 and VvCCD4b expressions. Additionally, NAA treatment decreased 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) at the same phenological stage. Notably, abscisic acid (ABA) levels increased in NAA-treated grapes during véraison, which triggered further changes in norisoprenoid metabolisms. The ABA-responsive factor VvABF2 was potentially involved in VvPSY1 positive modulation, while the auxin response factor VvARF10 may play a role in VvCCD4b upregulation and VvOMT2 downregulation during NAA induction. VvARF10 possibly acts as a crosstalk node between the ABA and auxin signaling pathways following NAA treatment in regulating aroma biosynthesis.
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Vitis , Vinho , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Vitis/genética , Vitis/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Odorantes/análise , Transcriptoma , Frutas/química , Metaboloma , Ácidos Naftalenoacéticos/análise , Vinho/análiseRESUMO
This two-consecutive-year study aimed to evaluate the effects of ground management methods on the volatomics of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes and wines in Northwest China, in which inner-row crop covering with purslane (GRASS) and mulching with black plastic film (FILM) treatments were carried out, respectively. Compared with clean tillage (CK), the GRASS and FILM treatments changed the microclimates of grapevine fruit zones and rhizospheres, which delayed the ripening of grape berries and affected the accumulation of aroma substances in the mature grapes effectively. GRASS increased the concentration of terpenes and C13-norisoprenoids in berries and gave more floral, fruity, and caramel fragrances to wines, while FILM had the opposite effect of significantly increasing the synthesis of C6/C9 compounds and brought more green leaf flavors, showing that inner-row purslane covering is a potential and stable viticultural practice to improve the wine quality in this booming wine region.
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The present study examined potential association between the daily intake and serum levels of copper (Cu), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) and the risk of osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Daily intake and serum concentrations of Cu, Zn, and Se in 4200 adults from the 2011-2016 NHANES were examined and divided into normal, OA patients, and RA patients. The level of serum Cu was higher in OA and RA than in non-arthritis, while the levels of serum Se and Zn were no different in the three groups. Serum Se and Zn, but not Cu, concentrations were highly correlated with daily intake. Cu, Se, and Zn intake was independently associated with increased risk of OA, but not with RA. And there was a trend for higher odds of OA among participants in the higher Cu, Se, and Zn intake. Future large longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Artrite Reumatoide , Osteoartrite , Selênio , Adulto , Humanos , Cobre , Zinco , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos NutricionaisRESUMO
Accumulated genetic mutations are an important cause for the development of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but abnormal changes in the inflammatory microenvironment also have regulatory effects on AML. Exploring the relationship between inflammatory response and pathological features of AML has implications for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation. We analyzed the expression variation landscape of inflammatory response-related genes (IRRGs) and calculated an inflammatory response score for each sample using the gene set variation analysis (GSVA) algorithm. The differences in clinical- and immune-related characteristics between high- and low-inflammatory response groups were further analyzed. We found that most IRRGs were highly expressed in AML samples, and patients with high inflammatory response had poor prognosis and were accompanied with highly activated chemokine-, cytokine- and adhesion molecule-related signaling pathways, higher infiltration ratios of monocytes, neutrophils and M2 macrophages, high activity of type I/II interferon (IFN) response, and higher expression of immune checkpoints. We also used the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC) database to predict the sensitivity of AML samples with different inflammatory responses to common drugs, and found that AML samples with low inflammatory response were more sensitive to cytarabine, doxorubicin and midostaurin. SubMap algorithm also demonstrated that high-inflammatory response patients are more suitable for anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. Finally, we constructed a prognostic risk score model to predict the overall survival (OS) of AML patients. Patients with higher risk score had significantly shorter OS, which was confirmed in two validation cohorts. The analysis of inflammatory response patterns can help us better understand the differences in tumor microenvironment (TME) of AML patients, and guide clinical medication and prognosis prediction.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Humanos , Imunidade , Imunoterapia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Mutação , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMO
Extracellular vesicles isolation from urine was severely interfered by polymeric Tamm-Harsefall protein due to its ability to entrap exosome. Studies had been reported to optimize the extraction of urine extracellular vesicles by using reducing agents, surfactants, salt precipitation or ultrafiltration, but rarely based on highly specific purification methods. We optimized the density gradient centrifugation method for the isolation of urinary small extracellular vesicles (sEV) and compared seven differential centrifugation protocols to obtain the high-yield and high-purity sEV isolation procedures. Our study showed Tris sucrose gradient centrifugation at 25°C had more concentrated distribution of exosomal marker in the gradient compared to Tris sucrose gradient centrifugation at 4°C and PBS sucrose gradient centrifugation. Dissolving the 16000 g pellet using Tris, Nonidet™ P 40 or Dithiothreitol then pooling the supernatants did not increase the exosomal markers and number of nanoparticles in sEV preparation compared to the control and PBS groups. Differential centrifugation at room temperature without ultrafiltration recovered more exosome-like vesicles, exosomal markers and nanoparticles than that at 4°C or combining ultrafiltration. Differential centrifugation at RT without ultrafiltration and salt precipitation recovered the highest number of nanoparticles than other protocols. However, differential centrifugation at RT combining 100 kd ultrafiltration obtained the highest purity of sEV calculated by Nanoparticle number/Total protein. In conclusion, we had established two urinary sEV isolation procedures that can recovered higher yield of sEV and more pure preparation of sEV. It is not recommended to treating 16000 g pellet with reducing agents or surfactants to increase the yield of sEV.
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Imatinib mesylate (IM) resistance has become a major clinical problem for chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). It is known that Bcl-x splicing is deregulated and is involved in multiple malignant cancer initiation and chemotherapy resistance, including CML. The aim of the present study was to correct the abnormal splicing of Bcl-x in CML and investigate the subsequent malignant phenotype changes, especially response to IM. The aberrant Bcl-x splicing in CML cells was effectively restored using vivo-Morpholino Antisense Oligomer (vMO). CCK-8 cell viability assay and flow cytometry showed that restoring of Bcl-x splicing increases IM-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of K562 cells. Moreover, a more significant similar phenomenon was observed in imatinib-resistant CML cell lines K562/G01. Finally, establishment of CML xenograft model had also proved that correcting Bcl-x splicing in vivo can also enhance the anti-tumor effect of IM. Our findings suggest that vMO co-operating with IM can effectively increase the sensitivity of CML cells to IM both in vitro and in vivo, and Bcl-x splicing could become good candidates for chemotherapy-sensitized target in IM-resistant CML.
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Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Mesilato de Imatinib/farmacologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Morfolinos/farmacologia , Neoplasias Experimentais , Splicing de RNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteína bcl-X , Animais , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Humanos , Células K562 , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/metabolismo , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Neoplasias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Experimentais/genética , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Proteína bcl-X/biossíntese , Proteína bcl-X/genéticaRESUMO
Association of chronic inflammation, primary tumor sidedness, adjuvant therapy and survival of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. Circulating inflammatory cell, fibrinogen (Fib), albumin (Alb), pre-albumin (pAlb), Alb/Fib (AFR) and Fib/pAlb (FPR) were detected, and clinical outcome was obtained to determine the predictive, prognostic and monitoring roles of them in discovery and validation cohort. We found that elevated FPR, low AFR and poor survival was observed in right-sided mCRC comparing to the left-sided disease, elevated FPR harbored the highest areas under curve to independently predict poor progression-free survival and overall survival in overall and left-sided mCRC case in two cohorts. No survival difference was examined between the two-sided patients in subgroups stratified by FPR. Radiochemoresistance was observed in high FPR case. However, the patient could benefit from bevacizumab plus radiochemotherapy. Low FPR patient showed the best survival with treatment of palliative resection plus radiochemotherapy. Moreover, circulating FPR was significantly increased ahead imaging confirmed progression and it reached up to the highest value within three months before death. Additionally, c-indexes of the prognostic nomograms including FPR were significantly higher than those without it. These findings indicated that FPR was an effective and independent factor to predict progression, prognosis and to precisely identify the patient to receive optimal therapeutic regimen.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Fibrinogênio/análise , Albumina Sérica/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Antineoplásicos Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Bevacizumab/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Quimiorradioterapia/métodos , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/terapia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In a small proportion of cases, spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) involves the medial tibial plateau (MT). Here, we introduced the clinical characteristics of spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT and unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) as the favorable treatment for this situation based on a retrospective case study. METHODS: Patients with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (China) from March 2015 to June 2016, were included as a case serial and analyzed retrospectively. All patients underwent Oxford Medial UKA. The characteristics of their lesions, corresponding treatment, and results of follow-up were presented. The lesion scores and grade were determined according to the criteria of Ficat and Arlet. RESULTS: In total, 22 patients (5 men, 17 women; mean age, 64.1 years) with spontaneous osteonecrosis of the MT were analyzed. The lesion stages assessment showed that 3 (14%) were Stage II, 10 (45%) were Stage III, 7 (32%) were Stage IV, and 2 (9%) were Stage V. In the sagittal plane, 7 (32%) were in the anterior region (MTa) and 15 (68%) were central (MTc). The lesion volume averaged 2.24 ± 0.79 cm3 (range: 1.57-3.08 cm3). Seventeen patients (77%) had Level III posterior medial meniscus root tears (MMRTs). All the patients underwent UKA. Average follow-up was 30.0 ± 6.4 months with a range of 23.0-38.0 months. The visual analog scale score was 7.78 ± 0.67 before surgery while decreased to 2.22 ± 1.09 at the final follow-up (P < 0.001). The Hospital for Special Surgery scores of pre-/post-surgery were 65.67 ± 5.45 and 84.10 ± 4.20, respectively (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SONK often occurs in the anterior and central tibial plateau due to abnormal stresses. Most of the patients had Level III posterior medial meniscus root tears. MRI is recommended for suspected cases to identify SONK at an early stage. The use of the Oxford Medial UKA for SONK of the MT is reliable both immediately and at follow-up.
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Osteonecrose/cirurgia , Idoso , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/patologia , Ligamento Cruzado Anterior/cirurgia , Artroplastia do Joelho , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Osteonecrose/patologia , Patela/patologia , Patela/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tíbia/patologia , Tíbia/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chronic inflammation is deemed to play a significant effect on initiation and progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In current study, we investigated the prognostic and predictive role of albumin (Alb) to fibrinogen (Fib) ratio (AFR) and a novel AFR-Alb-derived neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) score (ADS) in ESCC patients undergoing esophagectomy and compared them with Fib, Alb, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), dNLR, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 153 clinical confirmed ESCC patients undergoing esophagectomy between January 2011 and December 2013 were included in present study. We detected preoperative Alb, Fib and neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte and platelet count, and obtained overall survival (OS) by 3 years' follow-up in the cases. X-tile software, Kaplan-Meier curve, Cox regression and predicted nomogram were used to evaluate the predictive and prognostic role of them in ESCC patients. RESULTS: The optimal cut-off values of Fib, Alb, AFR, NLR, dNLR, PLR and LMR were 3.2 mg/dL, 38.2 g/L, 9.3, 2.1, 4.3, 145.9 and 2.3, respectively. High levels of Fib [(adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 2.148, 95% confidential interval (CI) (1.229-3.753)], dNLR (adjusted HR = 2.338, 95% CI 1.626-5.308) and PLR (adjusted HR = 1.964, 95% CI 1.129-3.415) as well as low AFR (adjusted HR = 2.381, 95% CI 1.152-4.926) and Alb (adjusted HR = 2.398, 95% CI 1.342-4.273) were significantly associated with decreased OS in ESCC patients. The survival predictive areas under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve of AFR, dNLR and Alb were higher than Fib and PLR, respectively. High ADS score was significantly associated with short 3 years' OS of ESCC patients (adjusted HR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.70-5.08). Moreover, OS of ESCC patients receiving adjuvant radio-chemotherapy was longer than those without the treatment in high ADS score subgroup (p = 0.001), however, no significant survival difference was observed in the patients with or without treatment radio-chemotherapy (p = 0.297). Additionally, a significant difference was observed in c-index values of the nomograms including or without ADS (0.720 vs. 0.670, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ADS was a prospective biomarker to predict clinical efficacy of adjuvant radio-chemotherapy and clinical prognosis of ESCC patients undergoing esophagectomy, and the score could apparently improve predicted efficacy of the nomogram.
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Photodegradation is one of the key factors that affect bamboo material application in the exterior environment. Photo radiation will cause chemical degradation, discoloration and cracks on the bamboo surface, thus resulting in weakened strength. The study imitated the accelerated weathering effect of Moso bamboo in sunlight by using UV 313 light. Results showed that after UV irradiation, lignin content decreased sharply. Lignin degradation products are commonly rich in double bonds conjugated with benzene rings; they absorb UV light and shift surface spectral absorbency from the visible to the UV region and play an important role in the first stage of reddish-yellow discoloration. The photochemical reactions were very rapid at the beginning and then slowed down after one week. The degraded products covered the surface and protected the inner layer from further degradation. The surface colour turned grey and lighter with erosion of degradation products when the experimental time was extended.
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BACKGROUND: The albumin to fibrinogen ratio (AFR) and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) have emerged as useful biomarkers to predict systemic inflammation. The aim here is to investigate the relation between AFR/CAR and Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS 28) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: This retrospective study included 160 patients with RA and 159 healthy controls. We divided the RA patients into two groups according to the DAS 28-ESR score. Group 1 included 40 patients with a score of lower than 2.6 (patients in remission) and Group 2 included 120 patients with a score of 2.6 or higher (patients with active disease). The correlations between AFR, CAR and the disease activity were analyzed. RESULTS: For RA patients, the AFR was lower than those in the control group (Pâ¯<â¯0.001). Patients in group 2 had higher CAR than those in group 1 (Pâ¯<â¯0.001). The AFR was lower in group 2 than that in group 1. A positively correlation was observed between DAS 28-ESR score and CAR (râ¯=â¯0.645, Pâ¯<â¯0.001), while the correlation between DAS 28-ESR and AFR (râ¯=â¯-0.836, Pâ¯<â¯0.001) was negative. AFR was related with decreased risk of RA disease activity (EXP (B)â¯=â¯0.33, 95% CI (0.21-0.53), Pâ¯<â¯0.001). CONCLUSIONS: AFR and CAR are two novel inflammatory markers for monitoring disease activity in patients with RA.
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Artrite Reumatoide/sangue , Artrite Reumatoide/imunologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Fibrinogênio/análise , Albumina Sérica/análise , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Biomarcadores/sangue , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) are heterogeneous complex autoimmune diseases involving muscle damage. Patients with DM and PM display a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations and serological biomarkers, which may mislead and delay the proper diagnosis. Therefore, specific biomarkers or indicators for diagnosing DM and PM and monitoring disease activity are essential. Significant progress has been made through identifying novel serological biomarkers for DM and PM in recent years. Our aim is to focus on novel biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring disease activity in DM and PM to highlight their predictive value and applicability in clinical practice.
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Dermatomiosite/diagnóstico , Polimiosite/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores/sangue , HumanosRESUMO
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant disorder of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Majority of patients can be effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, but a portion of patients will develop drug resistance. Accumulated evidences have identified exosomes in cancer as promoters of tumor progression. Herein, we found that exosomes derived from imatinib resistant CML cells can be internalized into sensitive CML cells and confer drug-resistance traits. We also demonstrated a significant higher level of miR-365 in exosomes derived from drug-resistant CML cells compared with those from sensitive ones using microarray and qRT-PCR. The imatinib sensitive CML cells transfected with pre-miR-365 displayed lower chemosensitivity and apoptosis rate compared with controls. We further confirmed that exosomal transfer of miR-365 induced drug resistance by inhibiting expression of pro-apoptosis protein in sensitive CML cells. In conclusion, our study reveals that exosomes mediate a horizontal transfer of drug-resistant trait in chronic myeloid leukemia cell by delivering miR-365.
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Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Mesilato de Imatinib/farmacologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , MicroRNAs/genética , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Exossomos/efeitos dos fármacos , Exossomos/transplante , Proteínas de Fusão bcr-abl/genética , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Pleural effusion (PE) is a common clinical complication of many pulmonary and systemic diseases, including lung cancer and tuberculosis. Nevertheless, there is no clinical effective biomarker to identify the cause of PE. We attempted to investigate differential expressed exosomal miRNAs in PEs of lung adenocarcinoma (APE), tuberculous (TPE), and other benign lesions (NPE) by using deep sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). As a result, 171 differentiated miRNAs were observed in 3 groups of PEs, and 11 significantly differentiated exosomal miRNAs were validated by qRT-PCR. We identified 9 miRNAs, including miR-205-5p, miR-483-5p, miR-375, miR-200c-3p, miR-429, miR-200b-3p, miR-200a-3p, miR-203a-3p, and miR-141-3p which were preferentially represented in exosomes derived from APE when compared with TPE or NPE, while 3 miRNAs, including miR-148a-3p, miR-451a, and miR-150-5p, were differentially expressed between TPE and NPE. These different miRNAs profiles may hold promise as biomarkers for differential diagnosis of PEs with more validation based on larger cohorts.
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Adenocarcinoma/diagnóstico , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Derrame Pleural/genética , Tuberculose Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/etiologia , Adenocarcinoma de Pulmão , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Exossomos/genética , Feminino , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tuberculose Pulmonar/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have investigated the association between tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) -308G/A polymorphism and risk of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), but the reported results have been inconsistent. Thus, a systematic meta-analysis was performed to resolve this discrepancy. METHODS: Electronic databases and the cited references of the obtained published articles were manually searched. Quality assessment of each study was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). All case-control studies were used to assess the strength of the association. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata version 12.0. RESULTS: Eight high-quality studies, including 947 patients and 1911 controls, were selected for the final meta-analysis. There was no significant association between TNF-α -308G/A polymorphism and ITP in overall and Asian populations. However, a significant positive association was observed between them in the dominant genetic model (AA+AG versus GG) in the Caucasian population (OR = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-1.71, PH = 0.173). CONCLUSIONS: Our finding suggested that TNF-α -308G/A might be involved in development of ITP in the Caucasian population, but not in the Asian population. Among Caucasians the A allele (AA+AG) was associated with ITP. However, larger-scale studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Púrpura Trombocitopênica Idiopática/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Alelos , Povo Asiático/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , Humanos , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play important regulatory roles in various physiological and pathological processes. MiRNAs also exhibit high stability and are present at high concentrations in human bodily fluids. Consequently, miRNAs may represent attractive and novel diagnostic biomarkers for certain clinical conditions. Recently, the capacity for extracellular vesicles, including microvesicles and exosomes, to carry miRNAs that participate in cell-to-cell communication has been described. In the present study, the miRNA expression patterns for three kinds of pleural effusions that were obtained from patients with pneumonia (group A), pulmonary tuberculosis (group B), and lung cancer (group C) were detected with high-throughput sequencing. When the expression levels of these miRNAs were compared among the three groups, three differentially expressed miRNAs were detected between groups A and B, while 27 differentially expressed miRNAs were detected between groups A and C. Notably, miR-378i was significantly elevated only in group B, while miR-205-5p and miR-200b were markedly increased only in group C (p < 0.01). Further studies are needed to confirm whether these differentially expressed miRNAs may serve as prospective diagnostic markers for pulmonary diseases.
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Cancer progression often involves the disorder of the cell cycle, and a number of effective chemotherapeutic drugs have been shown to induce cell cycle arrest. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively investigate the effects of imatinib on the expression profile of cell cycle genes in the chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) K562 cell line. In addition, we also investigated alternative splicing of the cell cycle genes affected by imatinib, since an important relationship has been shown to exist between RNA splicing and cell cycle progression. Exon array analysis was performed using total RNA purified from normal and imatinib-treated K562 cells. We identified 185 differentially expressed genes and 277 alternative splicing events between the two cell groups. A detailed analysis by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) of key genes confirmed the experimental results of the exon array. These results suggested that treatment of K562 cells with imatinib shifts the expression and alternative splicing profiles of several cell cycle-related genes. Importantly, these findings may help improve imatinib treatment strategies in patients with CML and may be useful for imatinib resistance research and CML drug development.
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Processamento Alternativo/genética , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Genes cdc/genética , Mesilato de Imatinib/farmacologia , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Processamento Alternativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose , Ciclo Celular , Pontos de Checagem do Ciclo Celular , Genes cdc/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células K562 , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologiaRESUMO
Alternative splicing of precursor mRNA is an essential mechanism to increase the complexity of gene expression, and it plays an important role in cellular differentiation and organism development. Regulation of alternative splicing is a complicated process in which numerous interacting components are at work, including cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors, and is further guided by the functional coupling between transcription and splicing. Additional molecular features, such as chromatin structure, RNA structure and alternative transcription initiation or alternative transcription termination, collaborate with these basic components to generate the protein diversity due to alternative splicing. All these factors contributing to this one fundamental biological process add up to a mechanism that is critical to the proper functioning of cells. Any corruption of the process may lead to disruption of normal cellular function and the eventuality of disease. Cancer is one of those diseases, where alternative splicing may be the basis for the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as new strategies for therapy. Thus, an in-depth understanding of alternative splicing regulation has the potential not only to elucidate fundamental biological principles, but to provide solutions for various diseases.