Enhanced plasmonic scattering imaging via deep learning-based super-resolution reconstruction for exosome imaging.

Exosome analysis plays pivotal roles in various physiological and pathological processes. Plasmonic scattering microscopy (PSM) has proven to be an excellent label-free imaging platform for exosome detection. However, accurately detecting images scattered from exosomes remains a challenging task due to noise interference. Herein, we proposed an image processing strategy based on a new blind super-resolution deep learning neural network, named ESRGAN-SE, to improve the resolution of exosome PSI images. This model can obtain super-resolution reconstructed images without increasing experimental complexity. The trained model can directly generate high-resolution plasma scattering images from low-resolution images collected in experiments. The results of experiments involving the detection of light scattered by exosomes showed that the proposed super-resolution detection method has strong generalizability and robustness. Moreover, ESRGAN-SE achieved excellent results of 35.52036, 0.09081, and 8.13176 in terms of three reference-free image quality assessment metrics, respectively. These results show that the proposed network can effectively reduce image information loss, enhance mutual information between pixels, and decrease feature differentiation. And, the single-image SNR evaluation score of 3.93078 also showed that the distinction between the target and the background was significant. The suggested model lays the foundation for a potentially successful approach to imaging analysis. This approach has the potential to greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of exosome analysis, leading to more accurate cancer diagnosis and potentially improving patient outcomes.

Identification of Potential Therapeutics for Infantile Hemangioma via in silico Investigation and in vitro Validation.

Introduction: Infantile Hemangioma (IH) is a prevalent benign vascular tumor affecting approximately 5-10% of infants. Its underlying pathogenesis remains enigmatic, and current therapeutic approaches show limited effectiveness. Our study aimed to discover potential IH-associated therapeutics through a transcriptomic, computational drug repurposing methodology. Methods: Utilizing the IH-specific dataset GSE127487 from the Gene Expression Omnibus, we identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conducted weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA). Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to obtain the top 100 hub genes. Drug candidates were sourced from the Connectivity Map (CMap) and Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). Results: Our analysis revealed 1203 DEGs and a significant module of 1780 mRNAs strongly correlated with IH. These genes were primarily enriched in the PI3K/AKT/MTOR, RAS/MAPK, and CGMP/PKG signaling pathway. After creating a PPI network of overlapping genes, we filtered out the top 100 hub genes. Ultimately, 44 non-toxic drugs were identified through the CMap and CTD databases. Twelve molecular-targeting agents (belinostat, chir 99021, dasatinib, entinostat, panobinostat, sirolimus, sorafenib, sunitinib, thalidomide, U 0126, vorinostat, and wortmannin) may be potential candidates for IH therapy. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that entinostat, sorafenib, dasatinib, and sirolimus restricted the proliferation and migration and initiated apoptosis in HemEC cells, thereby underscoring their potential therapeutic value. Conclusion: Our investigation revealed that the pathogenic mechanism underlying IH might be closely associated with the PI3K/AKT/MTOR, RAS/MAPK, and CGMP/PKG signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified twelve molecular-targeting agents among the predicted drugs that show promise as therapeutic candidates for IH.

Transcriptomic analysis used to discover potential therapeutics for Infantile Hemangioma (IH). Key IH-related pathways: PI3K/AKT/MTOR, RAS/MAPK, and CGMP/PKG signaling identified. Identified 44 non-toxic drugs as potential IH therapies via CMap and CTD. Twelve molecular agents show potential as IH therapy candidates. In vitro studies confirmed entinostat, sorafenib, dasatinib, and sirolimus inhibit HemEC cell proliferation and induce apoptosis.

Effects of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for acute pancreatitis: A real-world study in a tertiary teaching hospital.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate whether integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) is more effective than WM for acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS: Patients with AP were enrolled and divided into the TCM and WM (TCM&WM) and WM groups according to the therapeutic protocol in real clinical settings. We applied 1:3 propensity score matching, which was to adjust confounding factors. The primary outcome was mortality, whereas the secondary outcomes were organ failure, organ supportive therapies, local complications, hospitalization cost, and length of hospital stay. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed. RESULTS: Of 5442 patients with AP, 4691 and 751 were included in the TCM&WM and WM groups, respectively. After PSM, patient baseline characteristics were well balanced. Compared with the WM group (n = 734), the TCM&WM group (n = 2096) had lower overall mortality rate (1.7% vs. 3.4%; risk ratio, 0.482; 95% confidence interval, 0.286-0.810; p = 0.005). The TCM&WM group was associated with lower risk of persistent renal failure, multiple organ failure, and infection, lower utilization of organ supportive therapies, shortened lengths of hospital and intensive care unit stay, and lower hospital costs. Sensitivity analyses showed similar results. Subgroup analysis favored TCM&WM treatment for patients aged < 60 years, with hypertriglyceridic etiology, and with admission interval between 24 and 48 h. CONCLUSION: TCM&WM treatment can achieve lower risks of mortality and organ failure and better economic effectiveness in patients with AP than WM treatment. This study provides a promising alternative of TCM&WM treatment for AP in the real-world setting.

Sensitive extraction of seven pesticide residues from environmental water with magnetic graphene oxide-based covalent organic framework.

The use of pesticides has increased with the development of agriculture. However, due to the trace content and the matrix's inherent complexity in environmental water, development of rapid and sensitive detection method present significant challenges in the analysis of pesticide residues. The study synthesized magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) by combining superparamagnetic nanoparticles with the easy modification of graphene oxide (GO). Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) were then modified to have a large specific surface area. Finally, magnetic graphene oxide-based covalent organic frameworks, namely MGO-COFs, were obtained with a spherical structure and used as magnetic solid-phase extraction materials, which was successfully used to determine the seven pesticide residues in environmental samples in conjunction with high performance liquid chromatography. The method has a wide linear range for the tested pesticides, with satisfactory correlation coefficients (R ≥ 0.099) and low detection limits (0.3-1.21 µg L-1). The correlation coefficients for all seven pesticides were high (R2 ≥ 0.9996). The spiked recoveries, exhibiting a range of 91.3 to 109 %, demonstrated that the developed MGO-COF-MSPE-HPLC-UV method is simple, efficient, and suitable for the analysis and detection of seven pesticide residues in environmental water.

Diffusion Modeling with Domain-conditioned Prior Guidance for Accelerated MRI and qMRI Reconstruction.

This study introduces a novel image reconstruction technique based on a diffusion model that is conditioned on the native data domain. Our method is applied to multi-coil MRI and quantitative MRI (qMRI) reconstruction, leveraging the domain-conditioned diffusion model within the frequency and parameter domains. The prior MRI physics are used as embeddings in the diffusion model, enforcing data consistency to guide the training and sampling process, characterizing MRI k-space encoding in MRI reconstruction, and leveraging MR signal modeling for qMRI reconstruction. Furthermore, a gradient descent optimization is incorporated into the diffusion steps, enhancing feature learning and improving denoising. The proposed method demonstrates a significant promise, particularly for reconstructing images at high acceleration factors. Notably, it maintains great reconstruction accuracy for static and quantitative MRI reconstruction across diverse anatomical structures. Beyond its immediate applications, this method provides potential generalization capability, making it adaptable to inverse problems across various domains.

Fatal multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency caused by ETFDH gene mutation: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a disease of rare autosomal recessive disorder. There are three types of MADD. Type I is a neonatal-onset form with congenital anomalies. Type II is a neonatal-onset form without congenital anomalies. Type III is considered to a milder form and usually responds to riboflavin. However, late-onset form could also be fatal and not responsive to treatments. CASE SUMMARY: We report a severe case of a young man with onset type III MADD induced by drugs and strenuous exercise characterized by rhabdomyolysis and liver dysfunction. Urine analysis indicated 12 out of 70 kinds of organic acids like glutaric acid-2 were detected. Serum analysis in genetic metabolic diseases revealed 24 out of 43 tested items were abnormal, revealing the elevation of several acylcarnitines and the reduction of carnitine in the patient. By next generation sequencing technology for gene sequencing related to fatty acid oxidation and carnitine cycle defects, a rare ETFDH gene variant was identified: NM_004453:4:C.1448C>T(p.Pro483 Leu). The patient was diagnosed with late-onset GAII. He was not responsive to riboflavin and progressively worsened into multiple organ failure that finally led to death. CONCLUSION: Type III MADD can also be fatal and not responsive to treatments.

The supramolecular synthon behavior within cocrystals of pyrazinamide and alkyl dicarboxylic acids: A perspective from terahertz spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation.

Pyrazinamide (PZA) is a widely-used anti-tuberculosis pharmaceutical, but its poor solubility prompts us to optimize pharmaceutical performance. Cocrystallization is a promising technique to improve physiochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by connecting it with cocrystal former (CCF) via intermolecular interactions. Even though a series of alkyl dicarboxylic acids are employed to form cocrystal structures, systematic understanding on the role of intermolecular interactions is still missing. Therefore, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculation are combined to elucidate the behavior of ubiquitous supramolecular synthons, such as hetero-synthons of acid-pyrazine, acid-amide and homo-synthon of amide-amide, from energy's view. Potential energy is calculated to differentiate the stability within polymorphs of PZA-MA cocrystal and free energy is evaluated to compare the solubility of PZA-CCF cocrystals respectively. With regard to vibrational energy, THz spectral fingerprints are theoretically assigned to specific vibrations and attributed to the flexibility deformation of supramolecular synthons based on oscillation theory, where stretching and twisting modes dominate the collective vibrational behavior. It provides a promising tool to evaluate cocrystal performance from its driving force and insightful guidance to discover new pharmaceutical cocrystals.

PAIT effect: Padlock activator inhibits the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a.

The CRISPR/Cas12a system is increasingly used in biosensor development. However, high background signal and low sensitivity for the non-nucleic acid targets detection is challenging. Here, a padlock activator which could inhibit the trans-cleavage activity of CRISPR/Cas12a system in the intact form by steric hindrance effect (PAIT effect) was designed for non-nucleic acid targets detection. The PAIT effect disappeared when padlock activator was separated into two split activators. To verify the feasibility of padlock activator, a Ca2+ sensor was developed based on PAIT effect with the assistance of DNAzyme, activity of which was Ca2+ dependent. In the presence of Ca2+, DNAzyme was activated to cleave its substrate, a padlock activator modified with adenine ribonucleotide, into split padlock activators which would trigger the trans-cleavage activity of Cas12a to generate fluorescence. There was a mathematical relationship between the fluorescence intensity and the logarithm of Ca2+ concentration ranging from 10 pM to 1 nM, with a limit of detection of 3.98 pM. The little interference of Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Na+, Al3+, K+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ indicated high selectivity. Recovery ranged from 93.32% to 103.28% with RSDs from 1.87% to 12.74% showed a good accuracy and reliability. Furthermore, the proposed sensor could be applied to detect Ca2+ in mineral water, milk powder and urine. The results were consistent with that of flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Thus, PAIT effect is valuable for expanding the application boundary of CRISPR/Cas12a system.

Treatment of HNSC and pulmonary metastasis using the anti-helminthic drug niclosamide to modulate Stat3 signaling activity.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) is a dangerous cancer that represents an important threat to human health. Niclosamide is an anti-helminthic drug that has received FDA approval. In drug repurposing screens, niclosamide was found to inhibit proliferative activity for a range of tumor types. Its functional effects in HNSC, however, have yet to be established. Methods: MTT and colony formation assays were used to explore the impact of niclosamide on the proliferation of HNSC cells, while wound healing and Transwell assays were employed to assess migration and invasivity. Flow cytometry and Western immunoblotting were respectively used to assess cellular apoptosis and protein expression patterns. An HNSC xenograft tumor model system was used to evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of niclosamide, and immunofluorescent staining was employed to assess cleaved Caspase3 and Ki67 expression. The ability of niclosamide to prevent metastatic progression in vivo was assessed with a model of pulmonary metastasis. Results: These analyses revealed the ability of niclosamide to suppress HNSC cell migration, proliferation, and invasivity in vitro while promoting apoptotic death. From a mechanistic perspective, this drug suppressed Stat3 phosphorylation and ß-catenin expression, while increasing cleaved Caspase3 levels in HNSC cells and reducing Bcl-2 levels. Importantly, this drug was able to suppress in vivo tumor growth and pulmonary metastasis formation, with immunofluorescent staining confirming that it reduced Ki67 levels and increased cleaved Caspase3 content. Conclusion: In conclusion, these analyses highlight the ability of niclosamide to inhibit HNSC cell migration and proliferative activity while provoking apoptotic death mediated via p-Stat3 and ß-catenin pathway inactivation. Niclosamide thus holds promise for repurposing as a candidate drug for the more effective clinical management of HNSC.

T cell proliferation-related subtypes, prognosis model and characterization of tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Thirty-three synthetic driver genes of T-cell proliferation have recently been identified through genome-scale screening. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) cell infiltration, prognosis, and response to immunotherapy mediated by multiple T cell proliferation-related genes (TRGs) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) remain unclear. Methods: This study examined the genetic and transcriptional changes in 771 patients with HNSC by analyzing the TRGs from two independent datasets. Two different subtypes were analyzed to investigate their relationship with immune infiltrating cells in the TME and patient prognosis. The study also developed and validated a risk score to predict overall survival (OS). Furthermore, to enhance the clinical utility of the risk score, an accurate nomogram was constructed by combining the characteristics of this study. Results: The low-risk score observed in this study was associated with high levels of immune checkpoint expression and TME immune activation, indicating a favorable OS outcome. Additionally, various factors related to risk scores were depicted. Conclusion: Through comprehensive analysis of TRGs in HNSC, our study has revealed the characteristics of the TME and prognosis, providing a basis for further investigation into TRGs and the development of more effective immunotherapy and targeted therapy strategies.

Nonconserved epitopes dominate reverse preexisting T cell immunity in COVID-19 convalescents.

The herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2 is continuously consolidated across the world during the ongoing pandemic. However, the potential function of the nonconserved epitopes in the reverse preexisting cross-reactivity induced by SARS-CoV-2 to other human coronaviruses is not well explored. In our research, we assessed T cell responses to both conserved and nonconserved peptides shared by SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, identifying cross-reactive CD8+ T cell epitopes using enzyme-linked immunospot and intracellular cytokine staining assays. Then, in vitro refolding and circular dichroism were performed to evaluate the thermal stability of the HLA/peptide complexes. Lastly, single-cell T cell receptor reservoir was analyzed based on tetramer staining. Here, we discovered that cross-reactive T cells targeting SARS-CoV were present in individuals who had recovered from COVID-19, and identified SARS-CoV-2 CD8+ T cell epitopes spanning the major structural antigens. T cell responses induced by the nonconserved peptides between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were higher and played a dominant role in the cross-reactivity in COVID-19 convalescents. Cross-T cell reactivity was also observed within the identified series of CD8+ T cell epitopes. For representative immunodominant peptide pairs, although the HLA binding capacities for peptides from SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV were similar, the TCR repertoires recognizing these peptides were distinct. Our results could provide beneficial information for the development of peptide-based universal vaccines against coronaviruses.

Cascaded *CO-*COH Intermediates on a Nonmetallic Plasmonic Photocatalyst for CO2-to-C2H6 with 90.6 % Selectivity.

Oxygen vacancies (OV) in nonmetallic plasmonic photocatalysts can decrease the energy barrier for CO2 reduction, boosting C1 intermediate production for potential C2 formation. However, their susceptibility to oxidation weakens C1 intermediate adsorption. Herein we proposed a "photoelectron injection" strategy to safeguard OV in W18O49 by creating a W18O49/ZIS (W/Z) plasmonic photocatalyst. Moreover, photoelectrons contribute to the local multi-electron environment of W18O49, enhancing the intrinsic excitation of its hot electrons with extended lifetimes, as confirmed by in situ XPS and femtosecond transient absorption analysis. Density functional theory calculations revealed that W/Z with OV enhances CO2 adsorption, activating *CO production, while reducing the energy barrier for *COH production (0.054 eV) and subsequent *CO-*COH coupling (0.574 eV). Successive hydrogenation revealed that the free energy for *CH2CH2 hydrogenation (0.108 eV) was lower than that for *CH2CH2 desorption for C2H4 production (0.277 eV), favouring C2H6 production. Consequently, W/Z achieves an efficient C2H6 activity of 653.6 µmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, with an exceptionally high selectivity of 90.6 %. This work offers a new strategy for the rational design of plasmonic photocatalysts with high selectivity for C2+ products.

Fabrication of molecularly imprinted carbon nanotubes integrating ionic liquids for efficient detection of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid in environmental water.

It is extremely significant while challenging to accurately detect low-levels of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid compounds (PFCAs) in environmental water. Herein, adopting perfluorotetradecanoic acid as the dummy template, selective molecularly imprinted composites (CNTs@ILs@MIPs) grafted carbon nanotubes integrating hydrophilic ionic liquids were successfully prepared via surface imprinting and dummy-template imprinting techniques. The obtained CNTs@ILs@MIPs were applied as selective extraction adsorbent for specifically extract PFCAs in environmental water coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry quantification. Detailed studies were conducted on the main preparation parameters and extraction conditions. The CNTs@ILs@MIPs displayed excellent adsorptivity, and the established method exhibited low LODs (0.60-1.64 ng L-1), wide linearity with R2 above 0.9994, and satisfactory adsorption recoveries (80.5-112.5%) for seven PFCAs. This proposed method provides a new applicable approach for the detection of targeted pollutants in environmental water by utilizing the high affinity and recognition ability of molecularly imprinted carbon nanotube functional materials modified with ionic liquids.

Identification and verification of AK4 as a protective immune-related biomarker in adipose-derived stem cells and breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains the most common cancer among women, and novel post-surgical reconstruction techniques, including autologous fat transplantation, have emerged. While Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are known to impact the viability of fat grafts, their influence on breast cancer progression remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the genetic interplay between ADSCs and breast cancer, focusing on potential therapeutic targets. Methods: Using the GEO and TCGA databases, we pinpointed differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and pseudogenes of ADSCs and BC. We performed functional enrichment analysis and constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI), RNA binding protein (RBP)-pseudogene-mRNA, and lncRNA-miRNA-transcription factor (TF)-gene networks. Our study delved into the correlation of AK4 expression with 33 different malignancies and examined its impact on prognostic outcomes across a pan-cancer cohort. Additionally, we scrutinized immune infiltration, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden, and conducted single-cell analysis to further understand the implications of AK4 expression. We identified novel sample subtypes based on hub genes using the ConsensusClusterPlus package and examined their association with immune infiltration. The random forest algorithm was used to screen DE mRNAs between subtypes to validate the powerful prognostic prediction ability of the artificial neural network. Results: Our analysis identified 395 DE mRNAs, 3 DE miRNAs, 84 DE lncRNAs, and 26 DE pseudogenes associated with ADSCs and BC. Of these, 173 mRNAs were commonly regulated in both ADSCs and breast cancer, and 222 exhibited differential regulation. The PPI, RBP-pseudogene-mRNA, and lncRNA-miRNA-TF-gene networks suggested AK4 as a key regulator. Our findings support AK4 as a promising immune-related therapeutic target for a wide range of malignancies. We identified 14 characteristic genes based on the AK4-related cluster using the random forest algorithm. Our artificial neural network yielded excellent diagnostic performance in the testing cohort with AUC values of 0.994, 0.973, and 0.995, indicating its ability to distinguish between breast cancer and non-breast cancer cases. Conclusions: Our research sheds light on the dual role of ADSCs in BC at the genetic level and identifies AK4 as a key protective mRNA in breast cancer. We found that AK4 significantly predicts cancer prognosis and immunotherapy, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.

A study on the treatment effects of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide on non-alcoholic fatty liver in mice by modulating gut microbiota.

The objective of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Crataegus pinnatifida polysaccharide (CPP) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. The findings demonstrated that CPP improved free fatty acid (FFA)-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells and effectively reduced liver steatosis and epididymal fat weight in NAFLD mice, as well as decreased serum levels of TG, TC, AST, ALT, and LDL-C. Furthermore, CPP exhibited inhibitory effects on the expression of fatty acid synthesis genes FASN and ACC while activating the expression of fatty acid oxidation genes CPT1A and PPARα. Additionally, CPP reversed disturbances in intestinal microbiota composition caused by HFD consumption. CPP decreased the firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased Akkermansia abundance, and elevated levels of total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) content specifically butyric acid and acetic acid. Our results concluded that CPP may intervene in the development of NAFLD by regulating of intes-tinal microbiota imbalance and SCFAs production. Our study highlights that CPP has a potential to modulate lipid-related pathways via alterations to gut microbiome composition thereby ex-erting inhibitory effects on obesity and NAFLD development.

Knockdown of ACOT4 alleviates gluconeogenesis and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes.

Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4 (ACOT4) has been reported to be related to acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity regulation; However, its exact functions in liver lipid and glucose metabolism are still unclear. Here, we discovered explored the regulatory roles of ACOT4 in hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism in vitro. We found that the expression level of ACOT4 was significantly increased in the hepatic of db/db and ob/ob mice as well as obese mice fed a high fat diet. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ACOT4 promoted gluconeogenesis and high-glucose/high-insulin-induced lipid accumulation and impaired insulin sensitivity in primary mouse hepatocytes, whereas ACOT4 knockdown notably suppressed gluconeogenesis and decreased the triglycerides accumulation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, ACOT4 knockdown increased insulin-induced phosphorylation of AKT and GSK-3ß in primary mouse hepatocytes. Mechanistically, we found that upregulation of ACOT4 expression inhibited AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity, and its knockdown had the opposite effect. However, activator A769662 and inhibitor compound C of AMPK suppressed the impact of the change in ACOT4 expression on AMPK activity. Our data indicated that ACOT4 is related to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism, primarily via the regulation of AMPK activity. In conclusion, ACOT4 is a potential target for the therapy of non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes.

Spatial Visual Imagery (SVI)-Based Electroencephalograph Discrimination for Natural CAD Manipulation.

With the increasing demand for natural interactions, people have realized that an intuitive Computer-Aided Design (CAD) interaction mode can reduce the complexity of CAD operation and improve the design experience. Although interaction modes like gaze and gesture are compatible with some complex CAD manipulations, they still require people to express their design intentions physically. The brain contains design intentions implicitly and controls the corresponding body parts that execute the task. Therefore, building an end-to-end channel between the brain and computer as an auxiliary mode for CAD manipulation will allow people to send design intentions mentally and make their interaction more intuitive. This work focuses on the 1-D translation scene and studies a spatial visual imagery (SVI) paradigm to provide theoretical support for building an electroencephalograph (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) for CAD manipulation. Based on the analysis of three spatial EEG features related to SVI (e.g., common spatial patterns, cross-correlation, and coherence), a multi-feature fusion-based discrimination model was built for SVI. The average accuracy of the intent discrimination of 10 subjects was 86%, and the highest accuracy was 93%. The method proposed was verified to be feasible for discriminating the intentions of CAD object translation with good classification performance. This work further proves the potential of BCI in natural CAD manipulation.

Magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers integrated ionic liquids for targeted detecting diamide insecticides in environmental water by HPLC-UV following MSPE.

Efficiently detecting diamide insecticides in environmental water is challenging due to their low concentrations and complex matrix interferences. In this study, we developed ionic liquids (ILs)-incorporated magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (IL-MMIPs) for the detection of diamide insecticides, capitalizing on the advantages of ILs and quick magnetic separation through surface imprinting. Tetrachlorantraniliprole was used as the template, and a specific IL, 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([VEIm][PF6]), was employed as the functional monomer. Various synthesis conditions were investigated to optimize adsorption efficiency. The prepared IL-MMIPs were successfully employed as adsorbents in magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) to selectively extract, separate, and quantify three types of diamide insecticides from water samples using HPLC-UV detection. Under optimal conditions, the analytical method achieved low limits of detection (0.69 ng mL-1, 0.64 ng mL-1, 0.59 ng mL-1 for cyantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole and tetrachlorantraniliprole, respectively). The method also displayed a wide linear range (0.003-10 µg mL-1 for cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole, and 0.004-10 µg mL-1 for tetrachlorantraniliprole, respectively) with satisfactory coefficients (R2≥0.9996), and low relative standard deviation (RSD≤2.55%). Additionally, extraction recoveries fell within the range of 79.4%-109%. The results clearly demonstrate that IL-MMIPs exhibit exceptional recognition and rebinding capabilities. The developed IL-MMIPs-MSPE-HPLC-UV method is straightforward and rapid, making it suitable for the detection and analysis of three kinds of diamide insecticides in environmental water.

Long-Term Visual Quality and Pupil Changes after Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction for Eyes without Preoperative Cylinder Refraction.

Purpose: To investigate the long-term changes in visual quality and pupil size after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for eyes without preoperative cylinder refraction. Methods: Thirty-three myopic eyes (33 patients) without preoperative cylinder refraction were corrected using SMILE. Refractive outcomes, corneal curvature, aberrations, contrast sensitivity (CS), and pupil diameter were evaluated preoperatively, and 30 months postoperatively. Results: The 30-month postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, LogMAR) were -0.10 ± 0.09 and -0.14 ± 0.06, respectively, whereas the preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was -0.07 ± 0.05. Cylinder refraction of -0.11 ± 0.21 D (ranging from -0.50 to 0.00) was observed at 30 months postoperatively, increasing from the preoperative cylinder refraction of 0.00 ± 0.00 D (P=0.004). Moreover, the centroid coordinates x, y of corneal anterior astigmatic vectors were -0.19 ± 0.22, 0.81 ± 0.33 at 30 months postoperatively, and 0.02 ± 0.28, 0.76 ± 0.51 preoperatively (Px < 0.001 and Py=0.810, respectively). Furthermore, a 15° axis change in the mean anterior corneal astigmatic vector was observed at 30 months postoperatively from the preoperative state, as measured by Pentacam. At 30 months postoperatively, the photopic Log CS reduced significantly with glare at three and six cycles/degrees (P < 0.001 and P=0.015, respectively), a decreased photopic pupil diameter (3.27 ± 0.55 mm vs. 3.10 ± 0.66 mm, P=0.030), and an increased Coma (Z31) and Trefoil (Z3-3) at 4 mm diameter area analysis. However, a significant linear regression relationship was only observed between changes in photopic pupil diameter and changes in photopic Log CS with glare at 12 cycles/degree (P=0.038 and ß = 0.282). Conclusion: Slight cylinder regression was observed with thicker corneal lenticular extraction after SMILE correction of nonastigmatic eyes 30 months postoperatively. This regression was mainly because of the axis changes in anterior corneal astigmatism power. Therefore, a cylinder nomogram modification of 0.25 to 0.50 D is considerable for correcting nonastigmatic myopic eyes with a predicted spherical lenticular thickness over 100 µm.