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BACKGROUND: Drainage tube removal is difficult when the greater omentum becomes incarcerated in the drainage tube through the side holes. Currently, known removal methods are either ineffective or will cause additional damage to the patient in a secondary operation. Ureteroscopy and the holmium laser have been used in various surgical techniques in urology, and in theory, they are expected to be a good strategy for solving the problem of tissue incarceration. CASE SUMMARY: Four patients diagnosed with difficult removal of an abdominal drainage tube following abdominal surgery are reported. All patients underwent surgery to remove the incarcerated greater omentum in the drainage tube using a holmium laser and a ureteroscope, and a new 16-F drain was then placed in the abdominal or pelvic cavity. The efficacy of this technique was evaluated by intraoperative conditions, success rate, and operating time; safety was evaluated by perioperative conditions and the probability of postoperative complications. All four operations went smoothly, and the drains were successfully removed in all patients. The average operating time was 24.5 min. Intraoperatively, the average irrigation volume was 892.0 mL, the average drainage volume was 638.5 mL, and no bleeding or damage to surrounding tissues was observed. Postoperatively, the average drainage volume was 32.8 mL and the new drains were removed within 36 h. All patients were able to get out of bed and move around within 12 h. Their visual analogue pain scores were all below 3. The average follow-up duration was 12.5 mo and no complications such as fever or bleeding were noted. CONCLUSION: Ureteroscopic holmium laser surgery is an effective, safe and minimally invasive technique for removing drains where the greater omentum is incarcerated in the abdominal drain.
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BACKGROUND: Urolithiasis is a global disease with a high incidence and recurrence rate, and stone composition is closely related to the choice of treatment and preventive measures. Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the most common in clinical practice, which is hard and difficult to fragment. Preoperative identification of its components and selection of effective surgical methods can reduce the risk of patients having a second operation. Methods that can be used for stone composition analysis include infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and polarized light microscopy, but they are all performed on stone specimens in vitro after surgery. This study aimed to design and develop an artificial intelligence (AI) model based on unenhanced computed tomography (CT) images of the urinary tract, and to investigate the predictive ability of the model for COM stones in vivo preoperatively, so as to provide surgeons with more accurate diagnostic information. METHODS: Preoperative unenhanced CT images of patients with urinary calculi whose components were determined by infrared spectroscopy in a single center were retrospectively analyzed, including 337 cases of COM stones and 170 of non-COM stones. All images were manually segmented and the image features were extracted, and randomly divided into the training and testing sets in a ratio of 7:3. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operation algorithm (LASSO) was used to construct the AI model, and classification of the training and testing sets was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 1,218 radiomics imaging features were extracted, and 8 features with non-zero coefficients were finally obtained. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the AI model were 90.5%, 84.3% and 88.5% for the training set, and 90.1%, 84.3% and 88.3% for the testing set. The area under the curve was 0.935 for the training set and 0.933 for the testing set. CONCLUSIONS: The AI model based on unenhanced CT images of the urinary tract can predict COM and non-COM stones in vivo preoperatively, and the model has high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy.
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The adrenal gland is small in size and hidden in location. Adrenal tumors are relatively difficult to diagnose due to the wide variety of tumors and partial overlap of image features. Cinematic rendering (CR) is a novel, three-dimensional post-processing technology that simulates how light propagates in the real world, providing high-resolution visualizations that truly present subtle anatomical details. We retrospectively collected a series of pathologically confirmed adrenal tumor cases, raw data was introduced into the post-processing workstation, and different tools and templates of CR software were used for reconstruction and rendering. Compared with traditional black and white two-dimensional images and three-dimensional volume rendering (VR) images, CR images were more colorful, layered, and closer to the truth. CR has potential in diagnosing and preoperative planning of adrenal tumors, allowing vivid and realistic visualization of tumor location, morphology, different components (solid, cystic, fat, calcification, etc.), the pattern of enhancement, and the relationship with surrounding tissues and organs.
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We conducted the present study to assess the correlation of the prostatic anatomical parameters, especially the ratio of peripheral zone thickness and transitional zone thickness, with clinical and uroflowmetry characteristics suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). A total of 468 consecutive patients with a detailed medical history were identified. All patients were evaluated by scoring subjective symptoms with the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life (QoL). The prostatic anatomical parameters were measured using transrectal ultrasonography, and postvoid residual urine and maximum flow rate (Qmax) values were also determined. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that both total prostate volume (TPV; r = 0.160, P < 0.001) and transitional zone volume (TZV; r = 0.104, P = 0.016) increased with patients' age; however, no correlations were observed of TPV, TZV, transitional zone index (TZI), and transitional zone thickness (TZT) with IPSS or QoL (all P >0.05). Peripheral to transitional zone index (PTI) was found negatively correlated with total IPSS (r = -0.113, P = 0.024), storage IPSS (r = -0.103, P = 0.041), and voiding IPSS (r = -0.123, P = 0.014). As regards the uroflowmetry characteristics, PTI (r = 0.157, P = 0.007) was indicated to be positively correlated with Qmaxand negatively correlated with TZI (r = -0.119, P = 0.042) and TZT (r = -0.118, P = 0.045), but not correlated with TPV, TZV, or peripheral zone thickness (PZT) (all P > 0.05). Postvoid residual urine (PVR) had not correlated with all the prostatic anatomical variables (all P > 0.05). This is the first study that formally proposed the concept of PTI, which is an easy-to-measure prostate anatomical parameter which significantly correlates with total IPSS, storage IPSS, voiding IPSS, and Qmax, suggesting that PTI would be useful in evaluating and managing men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)/BPH. However, well-designed studies are mandatory to verify the clinical utility of PTI.
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Próstata/patologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/patologia , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Próstata/anatomia & histologia , Próstata/diagnóstico por imagem , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ultrassonografia , UrodinâmicaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility and safety of ambulatory mPCNL (mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy) on upper urinary tract calculi. METHODS: Clinical data of 18 patients received ambulatory mPCNL during Aug. 2017 to Jan. 2018 and 23 patients treated with routine inpatient mPCNL of the corresponding period were collected. All the patients included received 16Fr channel PCNL under the guidance of Doppler ultrasound. A 6Fr double J stent was placed in the ureter for internal drainage, and either an indwelling 14Fr open nephrostomy tube was placed or the puncture channel was filled with absorbable hemostatic materials alone, depends on the bleeding condition of the puncture channel and the intraoperative conditions. Preoperative parameters and surgery time, complications, total hospitalization costs and hospital stay time between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Preoperative parameters regarding age (P=0.057), sex distribution (P=0.380), ASA score (P=0.388), Calculi CT value (P=0.697), and the S.T.O.N.E. score (P=0.122) were comparable between the two groups. Maximum diameter of calculi (cm) of the conventional hospitalization group, however, was larger than the ambulatory surgery group (P=0.041). There were no significant differences in the mean surgery time (P=0.146), postoperative hemoglobin drop (P=0.865), Calculi-free rate on the next day after surgery (P=0.083) and postoperative fever rate (P=0.200) between the two groups. With regard to tubeless rate (P<0.001), total hospitalization costs (P=0.003) and hospital stay time (P<0.001), there were significant advantage favored ambulatory mPCNL. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with simple upper urinary tract calculi and relatively good performance status, ambulatory mPCNL is feasible as it's equally safe and efficient as compared with routine inpatient mPCNL. Moreover, ambulatory mPCNL decreases hospitalization costs and hospital stay time. Nevertheless, perioperative management should be carefully conducted, and well-designed studies are warranted.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios , Nefrostomia Percutânea , Cálculos Urinários/cirurgia , Adulto , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Ambulatórios/economia , Feminino , Febre/etiologia , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/economia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nefrostomia Percutânea/efeitos adversos , Nefrostomia Percutânea/economia , Duração da Cirurgia , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: There are less scar formations in some wounds after wound repair. Our earlier study had shown that the amount of collagen fibers in canine prostatic urethra wound were less than in bladder neck wound after 2-µm laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP) and partial bladder neck mucosa at 4 weeks. The purpose of this study was to observe the amount of scar tissue and characterize the probable causes of "less scar healing" in prostatic urethra wound. METHODS: A total of 12 healthy adult male crossbred canines underwent resection of prostate and partial bladder neck mucosa using 2-µm laser. The prostatic urethra and bladder neck wound specimens were harvested at 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation, respectively. The histopathologic characteristics were observed by hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining, and the expression of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1) and casein kinase-2 interacting protein-1 (CKIP-1) were examined by immunohistochemistry in prostatic urethra and bladder neck wound, respectively. Overexpressed CKIP-1 human prostate epithelial cells (BPH-1 cells) were established and the expression of TGF-ß1 was detected by Western blotting. Furthermore, a non-contact co-culture system of BPH-1 cells and human fibroblast (HFF-1) cells was used to observe the effects of BPH-1 cell and their high CKIP-1 levels on the expression of TGF-ß1 in HFF-1 in vitro. RESULTS: The histology showed that there were a large number of prostatic epithelium and a small amount of scar tissue in prostatic urethra wound, while no epithelial cells and more scar tissue in bladder neck wound at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after repair. There were a higher expression level of TGF-ß1 in prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts and a lower expression level of CKIP-1 in prostate epithelial cells at 3 weeks after surgery in prostatic urethral wound. Compared to week 3, the TGF-ß1 expression decreased both in prostate epithelial cells and fibroblasts at 4, 8 and 12 weeks in prostatic urethral wound (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The CKIP-1 expression increased in prostate epithelial cells at 4, 8 and 12 weeks compared to 3 weeks in prostatic urethra wound (p < 0.01). A higher TGF-ß1 expression level of fibroblasts was observed in bladder neck wound at 3 weeks. And there was no significant change in the expression of TGF-ß1 of fibroblasts in 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks after operation in bladder neck wound. Both the prostate urethra and bladder neck wound fibroblasts showed weak expression of CKIP-1 and there was no significant change in 3, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The vitro experiments showed that the TGF-ß1 expression in BPH-1 cells with CKIP-1 overexpression decreased 25% compared with control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the expression of TGF-ß1 in HFF-1 cells of co-cultured group decreased by 20% compared with Control group (p < 0.05); the expression of TGF-ß1 in HFF-1 cells of overexpression co-culture group were reduced by 15% compared with co-cultured group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A large number of prostate epithelial cells in prostatic urethra wound may be one of the causes of less formation of scar tissue after repair. The prostate epithelial cells might reduce expression level of TGF-ß1 by raising CKIP-1 expression and inhibit expression of TGF-ß1 in peripheral fibroblasts at remodeling stage to reduce the excessive proliferation of fibrous cells and the excessive scar formation.
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Cicatriz/etiologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Prostatectomia/efeitos adversos , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1/metabolismo , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células , Cicatriz/metabolismo , Cicatriz/patologia , Cães , Células Epiteliais/patologia , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Uretra/cirurgiaRESUMO
Round bamboo has drawn more and more attention in architecture, decoration and recreational products. Splitting brings some safety problems, which shorten the service life of round bamboo. In this paper, three schemes were adopted as follows to solve the problem: round bamboo was impregnated in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-1000 solution alone, heat treatment in paraffin alone or treated with the combination of PEG impregnation and paraffin heat treatment (PEG-PH). The treated bamboo was exposed outdoors for 26 weeks to evaluate the development of cracks. Results showed as follows: the initial split of PEG-PH-treated bamboo appeared after 22 weeks, while that of the controls after 2 weeks, the total length of cracks was 2271.31 and 873.5 mm for the control and PEG-PH-treated bamboo, respectively. To reveal the reasons for reduced cracks, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) was employed to observe the microstructure of bamboo; besides, hydrophobicity of bamboo was characterized by the water contact angle. PEG can swell the cell wall and the better hydrophobicity of round bamboo could be achieved after PEG-PH treatment. Therefore, the combination of PEG immersion and paraffin heating is an effective and practicable method in bamboo treatment, especially for round bamboo with high moisture content.
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BACKGROUND: The development of ureteral calculi after Yang-Monti ileal ureter reconstruction has not been reported. This study was performed to explore the safety and effectiveness of ureteroscopy combined with laser lithotripsy in the treatment of ipsilateral lower ureteral calculi and lower calyceal calculi after Yang-Monti ileal ureter reconstruction. CASE PRESENTATION: A 48-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with ipsilateral distal ureteral calculi and ipsilateral lower calyceal calculi. One year prior to this admission, the patient had undergone Yang-Monti ileal ureter reconstruction due to long-segment ureteral stenosis. After conservative treatment failed, we used a rigid ureteroscope with a holmium laser to break up the distal ureteral calculi, and successfully removed the renal calculi with a digital flexible ureteroscope and basket extractor. CONCLUSION: The successful outcome of the present case suggests that ureteroscopy combined with laser lithotripsy is a valuable option for the management of urinary calculi following Yang-Monti ileal ureter reconstruction.
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Litotripsia a Laser/métodos , Procedimentos de Cirurgia Plástica/efeitos adversos , Cálculos Ureterais/diagnóstico por imagem , Cálculos Ureterais/terapia , Ureteroscopia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Resultado do Tratamento , Ureter/diagnóstico por imagem , Ureter/cirurgia , Cálculos Ureterais/etiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the influence of urine on re-epithelialization in canine prostatic urethra after prostatectomy and explore possible causes. METHOD: We established two groups of prostatic canine models. The first group contained urine that canines underwent the surgery by two-micron laser resection of the prostate-tangerine technique (TmLRP-TT), and no transurethral catheter was required. The second group was without urine that canines accepted the surgery by TmLRP-TT add ureter skin ostomy urine bypass. Histopathology of re-epithelialization of repair in trauma in canine prostatic urethra was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, and immunochemistry was used to determine the expression of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1). Human prostate epithelial line (BPH-1) cells were cultured with or without urine and the abilities of proliferation and migration were tested by CCK-8 and transwell assays, respectively. RESULTS: The histology displayed that there was distinct proliferation of prostatic cell under the wound after 3 days, re-epithelialization began after 9 days, and finished after 28 days at urine group. The TGF-ß1 like-IR in prostatic epithelium cells and fibroblast cells under the wound at urine group were strikingly increased as compared with the cells at no urine group after 3, 9, and 11 days, respectively (p < 0.05). In CCK-8 and Transwell assays, an increase of cells' proliferation and migration was detected in urine culture group compared with no urine culture group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Urine may speed up the re-epithelialization process for prostatic urethra wounds by promoting proliferation and migration of prostate epithelial cells.
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Movimento Celular , Proliferação de Células , Células Epiteliais/fisiologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias , Próstata , Reepitelização/fisiologia , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata , Uretra , Urina/fisiologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Cães , Humanos , Complicações Intraoperatórias/patologia , Complicações Intraoperatórias/fisiopatologia , Masculino , Próstata/patologia , Próstata/cirurgia , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores/metabolismo , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/efeitos adversos , Ressecção Transuretral da Próstata/métodos , Uretra/lesões , Uretra/fisiopatologia , Cicatrização/fisiologiaAssuntos
Células Epiteliais/citologia , Terapia a Laser , Próstata/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Próstata/citologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to characterize the re-epithelialization of wound healing in canine prostatic urethra and to evaluate the effect of this re-epithelialization way after two-micron laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP). TmLRP and partial bladder neck mucosa were performed in 15 healthy adult male crossbred canines. Wound specimens were harvested at 3 days, and 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after operation, respectively. The histopathologic characteristics were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of cytokeratin 14 (CK14), CK5, CK18, synaptophysin (Syn), chromogranin A (CgA), uroplakin, transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1 ), and TGF-ß type II receptor in prostatic urethra wound were examined by immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Van Gieson staining was performed to determine the expression of collagen fibers in prostatic urethra and bladder neck would. The results showed that the re-epithelialization of the prostatic urethra resulted from the mobilization of proliferating epithelial cells from residual prostate tissue under the wound. The proliferating cells expressed CK14, CK5, but not CK18, Syn, and CgA and re-epithelialize expressed uroplakin since 3 weeks. There were enhanced TGF-ß1 and TGF-ß type II receptor expression in proliferating cells and regenerated cells, which correlated with specific phases of re-epithelialization. Compared with the re-epithelialization of the bladder neck, re-epithelialization of canine prostatic urethra was faster, and the expression of collagen fibers was relatively low. In conclusion, re-epithelialization in canine prostatic urethra resulted from prostate basal cells after TmLRP and this re-epithelialization way may represent the ideal healing method from anatomic repair to functional recovery after injury.
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Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Terapia a Laser , Próstata/citologia , Reepitelização/fisiologia , Uretra/citologia , Animais , Cães , Masculino , Próstata/fisiologia , Próstata/cirurgia , Uretra/fisiologia , Uretra/cirurgia , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the speed of vaporization of human prostatic tissue with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and depth of tissue damage using 70 and 120 W 2 µm laser devices. METHODS: Fresh prostatic tissue specimens were obtained from 5 patients by open prostatectomy and divided into separate groups (70 and 120 W) based on the energy of laser output (70 and 120 W respectively). Trials were performed in acryl basin containing 0.9% saline at 37 °C. And then each prostate gland in vitro was vaporizated similarly as routine transurethral 2 µm laser vaporesection. 70 W and 120 W power were applied for prostatic vaporesection. The 2 µm laser vaporization proportion and vaporesection speed were calculated postoperatively. Prostatic tissue was embedded for histological evaluation. After hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) staining and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-reduced (NADH) measurement, depth of coagulation zone and necrotic tissue layer were measured. The results of prostatic tissue between two groups were compared. RESULTS: With increasing output power, the speed (mean ± SD) of vaporesection of human prostatic tissue increased from (5.21 ± 0.66) g/5 min at 70 W to (10.84 ± 1.23) g/5 min at 120 W. Significant differences existed in the speed of vaporesection, resection and vaporization between 120 W and 70 W devices (P = 0.000). The proportion of vaporization mode was 81% at 70 W and 87% at 120 W during prostatic vaporesection. There was a stable penetration/coagulation depth with increasing power output for (0.98 ± 0.13)/(0.30 ± 0.09) mm at 70 W and (0.99 ± 0.12)/(0.31 ± 0.08) mm at 120 W. There were no significant differences in penetration and coagulation depth between 120 W and 70 W (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Both 120 and 70 W 2 µm Laser devices yield excellent performance and security in vaporizated human prostate tissue. The 120 W 2 µm laser offers significantly higher vaporesection rates than 70 W power. And vaporization mode is a predominant procedure of prostatic vaporesection.
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Terapia a Laser/métodos , Hiperplasia Prostática/cirurgia , Idoso , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Masculino , Próstata/patologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To study the re-epithelialization of dog's prostate urethra after two-micron laser resection of the prostate (TmLRP) and the role of CK34 (CK34ßE12)-positive cells in this process. METHODS: TmLRP were performed in 15 elder male dogs and wound specimens harvested at Days 3, 7 and 14 respectively. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine the expression levels of CK34 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostatic urethra urothelial cells. RESULTS: There was no CK34-positive cells in surgical wounds after 3 days while a cluster of CK34-positive cells were found to cover surgical wounds after 7 days, and these cells attached to residual prostate tissues. At Day 14 post-operation, positive expression of CK34 was found in basal cells of newborn urothelium. CONCLUSION: Prostate tissues are the important organizations for re-epithelialization of prostatic urethra after benign prostate hyperplasia surgery, and CK34-positive basal cells play an important role in this process.