RESUMO
PURPOSE: To study the damage and the expression of LC3 and p62 of condylar cartilage in fluorosis mouse. METHODS: Thirty 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group and the experimental group with 15 animals in each group. The control group received regular drinking water and the experimental group received a fluoride concentration of 75 mg/L drinking water for 8 weeks. The structure of condylar cartilage was observed through modified safranine O-fast green FCF cartilage stain kit. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of MMP-13, type â ¡ collagen and LC3 and p62. Two-way analysis of variance test was conducted for analysis of semi-quantitative results of immunohistochemistry using SPSS 22.0 software package. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the fibrocartilage layer of the experimental group became thinner, the condrocytes were smaller, and the staining became deeper.Immunohistochemistry results showed that the expression of MMP-13 and LC3 increased; the expression of type â ¡ collagen and p62 decreased in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: There was degeneration of the condylar cartilage and autophagy in mice with drinking water containing 75 mg/L fluoride.
Assuntos
Autofagia , Fluorose Dentária , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos , Animais , Camundongos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinase 13 da Matriz/genética , Masculino , Proteínas Associadas aos Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Fluorose Dentária/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo II/metabolismo , Côndilo Mandibular/metabolismo , Côndilo Mandibular/patologia , Fluoretos/toxicidade , Cartilagem Articular/metabolismo , Imuno-HistoquímicaRESUMO
P2X7 receptor (P2X7R), a distinct ligand-gated ion channel, is a member of purinergic type 2 receptor family with ubiquitous expression in human body. Previous studies have revealed a pivotal role of P2X7R in innate and adaptive immunity. Once activated, it will meditate some vital cascaded responses including the assembly of nucleotide-binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, non-classical secretion of IL-1ß, modulation of cytokine-independent pathways in inflammation such as P2X7R- transglutaminase-2 (TG2) and P2X7R-cathepsin pathway, activation and regulation of T cells, etc. In fact, above responses have been identified to be involved in the development of autoimmunity, specifically, the NLRP3 inflammasome could promote inflammation in massive autoimmune diseases and TG2, as well as cathepsin may contribute to joint destruction and degeneration in inflammatory arthritis. Recently, numerous evidences further suggested the significance of P2X7R in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), multiple sclerosis (MS), etc. In this review, we will succinctly discuss the biological characteristics and summarize the recent progress of the involvement of P2X7R in the development and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, as well as its clinical implications and therapeutic potential.
Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes/imunologia , Receptores Purinérgicos P2X7/imunologia , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/terapia , HumanosRESUMO
From the viewpoint of land surface evapotranspiration, and by using the semi-empirical evapotranspiration model based on the Priestley-Taylor equation and the land surface temperature-vegetation index (LST-VI) triangle algorithm, the current monitoring technology of agricultural drought based on remote sensing was improved, and a simplified Evapotranspiration Stress Index (SESI) was derived. With the application of the MODIS land products from March to November in 2008 and 2009, the triangle algorithm modeling with three different schemes was constructed to calculate the SESI to monitor the agricultural drought in the plain areas of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, in comparison with the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI). The results showed that SESI could effectively simplify the remote sensing drought monitoring method, and there was a good agreement between SESI and surface soil (10 and 20 cm depth) moisture content. Moreover, the performance of SESI was better in spring and autumn than in summer, and the SESI during different periods was more comparable than TVDI. It was feasible to apply the SESI to the continuous monitoring of a large area of agricultural drought.