Three-Dimensional Bimetallic Ammonium K-Eu Nitrate with a Rare (6,6)-Connected Ion Topology Exhibiting Structural Phase Transition and Photoluminescence Properties.

A K-Eu bimetallic ammonium metal-nitrate three-dimensional (3D) framework incorporating R-N-methyl-3-hydroxyquinuclidine, (RM3HQ)2KEu(NO3)6 (RM3HQ = R-N-methyl-3-hydroxyquinuclidine, 1), was characterized and reported. Distinguishing from the former hybrid rare-earth double perovskites, 1 adopts a mixed corner- and face-sharing K+/Eu3+-centered polyhedral connectivity to form a 3D inorganic framework, showing a rare (6, 6)-connected ion topology with a 66 framework. Notably, 1 exhibits clear phase transition, and the switchable thermodynamic behavior is confirmed by variable-temperature dielectric measurements and second-harmonic generation response. Moreover, 1 also shows photoluminescence properties. The activator Eu3+ plays a crucial role in this process, leading to a significant narrow emission at 592 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 20.76%. The fluorescence lifetime (FLT) of 1 is 4.32 ms. This finding enriches the bimetallic hybrid system for potential electronic and/or luminescence applications.

Gas-Liquid Interface Route to Hybrid Copper Bromine Perovskite Single-Crystal Membrane with Dielectric Transitions and Ferromagnetic Exchanges.

Single-crystal membranes (SCMs) show great promise in the fields of sensors, light-emitting diodes, and photodetection. However, the growth of a large-area single-crystal membranes is challenging. We report a new organic-inorganic SCMs [HCMA]2CuBr4 (HCMA = cyclohexanemethylamine) crystallized at the gas-liquid interface. It also has low-temperature ferromagnetic order, high-temperature dielectric anomalies, and narrow band gap indirect semiconductor properties. Specifically, the reversible phase transition of the compound occurs at 350/341 K on cooling/heating and exhibits dielectric anomalies and stable switching performance near the phase transition temperature. The ferromagnetic exchange interaction in the inorganic octahedra and the organic layer enables ferromagnetic ordering at low-temperature 10 K. Finally, the single crystal exhibits an indirect semiconducting property with a narrow band gap of 0.99 eV. Such rich multichannel physical properties make it a potential application in photodetection, information storage and sensors.

Realization of large-area ultraflat chiral blue phosphorene.

Blue phosphorene (BlueP), a theoretically proposed phosphorous allotrope with buckled honeycomb lattice, has attracted considerable interest due to its intriguing properties. Introducing chirality into BlueP can further enrich its physical and chemical properties, expanding its potential for applications. However, the synthesis of chiral BlueP remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the growth of large-area BlueP films on Cu(111), with lateral size limited by the wafer dimensions. Importantly, we discovered that the BlueP is characterized by an ultraflat honeycomb lattice, rather than the prevailing buckled structure, and develops highly ordered spatial chirality plausibly resulting from the rotational stacking with the substrate and interface strain release, as further confirmed by the geometric phase analysis. Moreover, spectroscopic measurements reveal its intrinsic metallic nature and different characteristic quantum oscillations in the image-potential states, which can be exploited for a range of potential applications including polarization optics, spintronics, and chiral catalysis.

Halogen-Regulated Tc and X-ray Radiation Detection in 2D Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelastic Semiconductor.

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have received particular attention due to their characteristic structural tunability and flexibility. These features make OIHPs behave with excellent modifications on macroscopic properties, such as ferroicity or semiconductor performances, etc. Herein, we report two 2D hybrid stibium-based halide perovskite (C3H7N)3Sb2X9 (X = Br, 1; Cl, 2) ferroelastic semiconductor possessing dual switching properties of dielectric and second harmonic generation (SHG). Notably, these two hybrids exhibit halogen-regulated ferroelasticity and semiconductor properties. There is a significant difference in Curie temperature (Tc) and X-ray radiation detection sensitivity (S), i.e., the ΔTc and ΔS are 38 K and 87 µC Gyair-1 cm-2, respectively. Meanwhile, crystals 1 and 2 do not show dark current drift in cyclic measurements of different radiation doses with stable switching ratios of 30 and 10, separately. Meanwhile, these results were proven by scientific experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Our work presents a facile and practical method to regulate macroproperties on the molecular level, providing a new vision to develop hybrid perovskite ferroic-photoelectric materials.

Large Enhancement of Polarization in a Layered Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Semiconductor via Molecular Engineering.

Switchable spontaneous polarization is the vital property of ferroelectrics, which leads to other key physical properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, and nonlinear optical effects, etc. Recently, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites with 2D layered structure have become an emerging branch of ferroelectric materials. However, most of the 2D hybrid ferroelectrics own relatively low polarizations (<15 µC cm-2 ). Here, a strategy to enhance the polarization of these hybrid perovskites by using ortho-, meta-, para-halogen substitution is developed. Based on (benzylammonium)2 PbCl4 (BZACL), the para-chlorine substituted (4-chlorobenzylammonium)2 PbCl4 (4-CBZACL) ferroelectric semiconductor shows a large spontaneous polarization (23.3 µC cm-2 ), which is 79% larger than the polarization of BZACL. This large enhancement of polarization is successfully explained via ab initio calculations. The study provides a convenient and efficient strategy to promote the ferroelectric property in the hybrid perovskite family.

Ferroelectricity and Related Properties of Nitratecadmate(II) Hybrid with Metal-Vacancy.

All crystals are not ideal, and many of their properties are often determined not by the regular arrangement of atoms, but by the irregular arrangement of crystal defects. Many properties of materials can be controlled effectively by proper use of solid defects. By substitution of NH4 + ion of a hexagonal perovskite structure (H2 dabco)(NH4 )(NO3 )3 (dabco=1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1) with Cd2+ ion, we obtained a new metal-vacancy compound (H2 dabco)2 Cd(H2 O)2 (NO3 )6 (2). It exhibits a ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition at 261 K. A comparison of the various-temperature single-crystal structures indicates that the coordination twist of Cd2+ ion leads to instability of the lattices and excellent ferroelectricity. These findings reveal that the vacancy can be utilized as an element to produce ferroelectricity and may start the chemistry of metal-vacancy coordination compounds. These findings reveals that the vacancy can be utilized as an effective means to tune the symmetry and produce ferroelectricity.

A novel natural variation in the promoter of GmCHX1 regulates conditional gene expression to improve salt tolerance in soybean.

Identification and characterization of soybean germplasm and gene(s)/allele(s) for salt tolerance is an effective way to develop improved varieties for saline soils. Previous studies identified GmCHX1 (Glyma03g32900) as a major salt tolerance gene in soybean, and two main functional variations were found in the promoter region (148/150 bp insertion) and the third exon with a retrotransposon insertion (3.78 kb). In the current study, we identified four salt-tolerant soybean lines, including PI 483460B (Glycine soja), carrying the previously identified salt-sensitive variations at GmCHX1, suggesting new gene(s) or new functional allele(s) of GmCHX1 in these soybean lines. Subsequently, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping in a recombinant-inbred line population (Williams 82 (salt-sensitive) × PI 483460B) to identify the new salt tolerance loci/alleles. A new locus, qSalt_Gm18, was mapped on chromosome 18 associated with leaf scorch score. Another major QTL, qSalt_Gm03, was identified to be associated with chlorophyll content ratio and leaf scorch score in the same chromosomal region of GmCHX1 on chromosome 3. Novel variations in a STRE (stress response element) cis-element in the promoter region of GmCHX1 were found to regulate the salt-inducible expression of the gene in these four newly identified salt-tolerant lines including PI 483460B. This new allele of GmCHX1 with salt-inducible expression pattern provides an energy cost efficient (conditional gene expression) strategy to protect soybean yield in saline soils without yield penalty under non-stress conditions. Our results suggest that there might be no other major salt tolerance locus similar to GmCHX1 in soybean germplasm, and further improvement of salt tolerance in soybean may rely on gene-editing techniques instead of looking for natural variations.

Low-intensity exercise training increases systolic function of heart and MHCII low cardiac resident macrophages.

Physical activities have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, although the specific mechanisms are largely unknown. Cardiac resident macrophages (cMacs) and the distribution of their subsets are critical regulators for maintaining cardiovascular health and cardiac functions in both steady and inflammatory states. Therefore, we investigated the subsets of cMacs in mice after low-intensity exercise training to elucidate the exercise-induced dynamic changes of cMacs and the benefits of exercise for the heart. The mice were subjected to treadmill running exercise five days per week for five weeks using a low-intensity exercise training protocol. Low-intensity exercise training resulted in a suppression of body weight gain in mice and a significant increase in the ejection fraction, a parameter that represents the systolic function of the heart. Low-intensity exercise training induced the alterations in the transcriptome of the heart, which are associated with muscle contraction and mitochondrial function. Furthermore, low-intensity exercise training did not alter the number of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C1 (Ly6c)- cMacs but instead remodeled the distributions of Ly6c- cMac subsets. We observed an increase in the percentage of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII)low cMacs and a decrease in the percentage of MHCIIhigh cMacs in the heart after low-intensity exercise training. Therefore, the benefits of exercise for cardiovascular fitness might be associated with the redistribution of cMac subsets and the enhancement of the ejection fraction.

Dual-Level Augmentation Radiomics Analysis for Multisequence MRI Meningioma Grading.

BACKGROUND: Preoperative, noninvasive prediction of meningioma grade is important for therapeutic planning and decision making. In this study, we propose a dual-level augmentation strategy incorporating image-level augmentation (IA) and feature-level augmentation (FA) to tackle class imbalance and improve the predictive performance of radiomics for meningioma grading on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). METHODS: This study recruited 160 consecutive patients with pathologically proven meningioma (129 low-grade (WHO grade I) tumors; 31 high-grade (WHO grade II and III) tumors) with preoperative multisequence MRI imaging. A dual-level augmentation strategy combining IA and FA was applied and evaluated in 100 repetitions in 3-, 5-, and 10-fold cross-validation. RESULTS: The best area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of our method in 100 repetitions was ≥0.78 in all cross-validations. The corresponding cross-validation sensitivities (cross-validation specificity) were 0.72 (0.69), 0.76 (0.71), and 0.63 (0.82) in 3-, 5-, and 10-fold cross-validation, respectively. The proposed method achieved significantly better performance and distribution of results, outperforming single-level augmentation (IA or FA) or no augmentation in each cross-validation. CONCLUSIONS: The dual-level augmentation strategy using IA and FA significantly improves the performance of the radiomics model for meningioma grading on MRI, allowing better radiomics-based preoperative stratification and individualized treatment.

The Late Embryogenesis Abundant Proteins in Soybean: Identification, Expression Analysis, and the Roles of GmLEA4_19 in Drought Stress.

Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins play important roles in regulating plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses. In this research, a genome-wide survey was conducted to recognize the LEA genes in Glycine max. A total of 74 GmLEA was identified and classified into nine subfamilies based on their conserved domains and the phylogenetic analysis. Subcellular localization, the duplication of genes, gene structure, the conserved motif, and the prediction of cis-regulatory elements and tissue expression pattern were then conducted to characterize GmLEAs. The expression profile analysis indicated that the expression of several GmLEAs was a response to drought and salt stress. The co-expression-based gene network analysis suggested that soybean LEA proteins may exert regulatory effects through the metabolic pathways. We further explored GnLEA4_19 function in Arabidopsis and the results suggests that overexpressed GmLEA4_19 in Arabidopsis increased plant height under mild or serious drought stress. Moreover, the overexpressed GmLEA4_19 soybean also showed a drought tolerance phenotype. These results indicated that GmLEA4_19 plays an important role in the tolerance to drought and will contribute to the development of the soybean transgenic with enhanced drought tolerance and better yield. Taken together, this study provided insight for better understanding the biological roles of LEA genes in soybean.

Application of an Improved 2-Dimensional High-Throughput Soybean Root Phenotyping Platform to Identify Novel Genetic Variants Regulating Root Architecture Traits.

Nutrient-efficient root system architecture (RSA) is becoming an important breeding objective for generating crop varieties with improved nutrient and water acquisition efficiency. Genetic variants shaping soybean RSA is key in improving nutrient and water acquisition. Here, we report on the use of an improved 2-dimensional high-throughput root phenotyping platform that minimizes background noise by imaging pouch-grown root systems submerged in water. We also developed a background image cleaning Python pipeline that computationally removes images of small pieces of debris and filter paper fibers, which can be erroneously quantified as root tips. This platform was used to phenotype root traits in 286 soybean lines genotyped with 5.4 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms. There was a substantially higher correlation in manually counted number of root tips with computationally quantified root tips (95% correlation), when the background was cleaned of nonroot materials compared to root images without the background corrected (79%). Improvements in our RSA phenotyping pipeline significantly reduced overestimation of the root traits influenced by the number of root tips. Genome-wide association studies conducted on the root phenotypic data and quantitative gene expression analysis of candidate genes resulted in the identification of 3 putative positive regulators of root system depth, total root length and surface area, and root system volume and surface area of thicker roots (DOF1-like zinc finger transcription factor, protein of unknown function, and C2H2 zinc finger protein). We also identified a putative negative regulator (gibberellin 20 oxidase 3) of the total number of lateral roots.

Zero-dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid manganese bromide with coexistence of dielectric-thermal double switches and efficient photoluminescence.

Zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid metal halides have attracted much attention due to their rich composition, excellent optical stability, large exciton binding energy, etc. Photoelectric switchable multifunctional materials can integrate multiple physical properties (e.g., ferroelectricity, photoluminescence, magnetic, etc.) into one device and are widely used in many fields such as smart switches, sensors, etc. However, multifunctional materials with thermal energy storage, stimulant dielectric response, and light-emitting properties are rarely reported. Here, we synthesized a new organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide single crystal [TEMA]2MnBr4 (1) (TEMA+ = triethylmethylammonium). Compound 1 undergoes a reversible phase transition at a high temperature of 344/316 K, having a large thermal hysteresis of 28 K and exhibits high stability dielectric switching characteristics near the phase transition temperature. The single crystal exhibits green emission at 513 nm under UV excitation, originating from the 4T1g(G) → 6A1g(S) transition of Mn2+ ions. Excitingly, this single crystal's photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) is as high as 80.78%. This work provides a strategy for the development of organic-inorganic hybrid optoelectronic multifunctional materials with high-efficient light emission and switchable dielectric properties.

Crystal Sponge Behavior in a Two-Dimensional Rare-Earth Hybrid Coordinate Polymer.

Stimuli-responsive multifunctional materials (SRMMs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their dynamic responses to external stimuli. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously achieve solvent-induced single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) transformation and structural phase transition after desolvation. Here, we report a two-dimensional (2D) rare-earth organic-inorganic hybrid coordinate polymer [(CH3)3NCH2Cl]2[Eu·H2O]2[CH2(SO3)2]4·2H2O (1) that exhibits a reversible SCSC transformation by changing to 2 ([(CH3)3NCH2Cl][Eu·H2O][CH2(SO3)2]2). Impressively, the SCSC transformation process couples with large changes in quantum efficiency dropped from 33.68% of 1 to 20.07% that of 2. Furthermore, polymer 2 shows an isomorphic structural phase transition associated with switching dielectric. Notably, the distance of the 2D layers shows reversible change during the two successive transition processes displaying a crystal sponge behavior. This work reveals the potential of rare-earth 2D hybrid coordination polymers in the design of multifunctional responsive materials and opens a new prospect to explore the construction of novel SRMMs.

Beneficial Effect of Toxoplasma gondii Infection on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer Was Modified by Cytokines.

Background: Animal experiments have shown the anticancer activity of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), but its effect on the prognosis of cancer patients is unclear. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the prognostic role of anti-T. gondii IgG in breast cancer patients and the modification effect of cytokines. Methods: A total of 1121 breast cancer patients were recruited between 2008 and 2018 and followed up until December 31, 2021. Anti-T. gondii IgG and cytokines were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit and a multiplex assay platform. Endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Survival and multiplicative interaction analyses were performed using multivariate Cox regression models. Results: According to the cutoff value of optical density (OD=0.111), 900 (80.29%) and 221 (19.71%) patients were divided into two groups: low or high anti-T. gondii IgG. Compared to patients with a low anti-T. gondii IgG level, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of OS and PFS for patients with high anti-T. gondii IgG levels were 0.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.99) and 0.67 (0.46-0.98), respectively. These associations were profound among patients with a high cytokine score (HR=0.29, 95% CI: 0.10-0.82 for OS; HR=0.30, 95% CI: 0.13-0.69 for PFS), accompanied by a significant interaction between the level of anti-T. gondii IgG and the cytokine score (P interaction=0.019 for PFS); interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-9 (IL-9) were the main contributors to the interaction. Conclusion: Anti-T. gondii IgG was found to be beneficial to breast cancer survival, especially in women with systematic inflammation and high IL-17 or IL-9 levels, suggesting the potential of T. gondii as a prognostic marker and a novel immunotherapy approach for cancer patients.

Near-Room-Temperature Synergetic Response of Magnetism, Dielectricity and Luminescence Based on (C5 NH13 Cl)2 MnBr4.

Multifunctional materials with working temperatures near room temperature are crucial for practical applications. Until now, it is still a great challenge to obtain such materials. In this paper, a complex of (C5 NH13 Cl)2 MnBr4 (1) with a structural phase transition near room temperature is reported. The phase transition induces switchable magnetic properties, dielectric anomalies and luminescent response over the same range of temperatures. It is the first time the synergetic effect of magnetism, dielectricity and luminescence near room temperature have been observed in the same molecular complex.

San-wei-tan-xiang capsule attenuates atherosclerosis by increasing lysosomal activity in adipose tissue macrophages.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Dyslipidemia is the leading risk factor of atherosclerosis (AS). Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) can regulate postprandial cholesterol levels via uptake and hydrolyzation of lipids and regulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux (MCE). San-wei-tan-xiang (SWTX) capsule, a Traditional Chinese medicine, exerts clinical benefits in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: This work is aimed to evaluate the chemical ingredients and mechanisms of SWTX in anti-AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The chemical ingredients of SWTX identified by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry were used for network pharmacological analysis. The atheroprotective function of SWTX was evaluated in ApoE-/- mice fed a cholesterol-enriched diet. RESULTS: The chemical ingredients identified in SWTX were predicated to be important for lipid metabolism and AS. Animals studies suggested that SWTX effectively attenuated the atherosclerotic plaque growth, elevated postprandial HDL cholesterol levels, elevated the proportion of Tim4 and CD36-expressed ATMs, and upregulated the uptake of lipid and lysosomal activity in ATMs. SWTX-induced elevation of postprandial HDL cholesterol levels was dependent on increased lysosomal activity, since chloroquine, an inhibitor of lysosomal function, blocked the effect of SWTX. Lastly, some predicated bioactive compounds in SWTX can elevate lysosomal activity in vitro. CONCLUSION: SWTX could attenuate atherosclerotic plaque formation by elevating lysosomal activity and enhancing MCE in ATMs.

Antiplatelet therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with moyamoya disease: a 12-year retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The clinical value of antiplatelet therapy (APT) for moyamoya disease (MMD) remains controversial. Our study attempts to clarify the value of APT in this disease. METHODS: We collected basic information, treatment strategies, and prognostic information on patients with MMD from 2010 to 2022 at our center. The data were divided into two groups, depending on whether APT was used or not, and compared by Pearson Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test, or Wilcoxon rank-sum test. We used propensity scores or inverse probability of treatment weighting to balance the covariates. Following this, we performed a meta-analysis of APT use in MMD. RESULTS: 177 patients were enrolled, with a median follow-up of 41.1 months. APT did not affect the prognosis of patients with perioperative MMD, ischemic MMD, or asymptomatic MMD (P > 0.05), without increasing cerebral hemorrhagic risk. In contrast, APT was found to reduce mortality among patients with hemorrhagic MMD (P = 0.019), without affecting functional status, increasing stroke risk, or causing intracerebral hemorrhage (P > 0.05). But the small group cannot show the effect of APT. Our meta-analysis included nine articles involving 28,925 patients with MMD. It showed that APT could reduce stroke risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.65) and the Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) (weighted mean difference, WMD = - 0.07, 95% CI 0.14-0.00) during follow-up. The cohort study has limited weight (1.97% and 19.29%) in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: Although the limited number of included documents, APT could be beneficial to the prognosis of MMD.

Tuning the luminescent properties of a three-dimensional perovskite ferroelectric (Me-Hdabco)CsI3via Sn(II) doping.

As promising functional materials, organic-inorganic hybrid metal halide perovskites have attracted significant interest because of their excellent photovoltaic performance. However, although considerable efforts have been made, three-dimensional (3D) metal halide perovskites beyond lead halides have been rarely reported. Herein, a new 3D organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric material (Me-Hdabco)CsI3 (1, Me-Hdabco = N-methyl-1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) was synthesized and characterized. 1 underwent a ferroelectric to paraelectric phase transition at Tc = 441 K, which was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dielectric measurements, and variable temperature structural analyses. Moreover, 1 shows a clear ferroelectric domain switching recorded by piezoelectric force microscopy. More interestingly, the pristine colorless crystal of 1 has no photoluminescence properties, while 10% Sn(II):(Me-Hdabco)CsI3 shows intense photoluminescence with a quantum yield of 8.90% under UV excitation. This finding will open up a new avenue to probe organic-inorganic hybrid multifunctional materials integrated ferroelectric and photoluminescence.

A pH-dependent N, P co-doped carbon dots as fluorescent probe for malachite green assay and its visual application based on fluorescent hydrogel kit.

A pH-dependent red fluorescent N, P co-doped carbon dots (N, P-CDs) was firstly developed for rapid, sensitive and visual detection of the toxic dye malachite green (MG). The synthesis of N, P-CDs was carried out by hydrothermal treatment of o-phenylenediamine and phosphoric acid, and the low cytotoxicity of N, P-CDs was verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method. The linear decrease of N, P-CDs fluorescence in the pH range of 3.8-5.6 was attributed to the reduction of protonation of nitrogen-containing groups on the surface. And the sensing mechanism for MG was constructed based on the inner filter effect (IFE). The obtained linear ranges were 0.08-1 and 1-50 µmol·L-1 with limit of detections (LODs) of 0.07 and 0.74 µmol·L-1. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of MG in water and fish samples. In addition, a kind of N, P-CDs fluorescent hydrogel kit was prepared for the visual analysis of MG. This method is not only simple, rapid and accurate, but also the prepared fluorescent hydrogel has potential application prospects for on-site qualitative identification and semi-quantitative analysis of MG, which also provides a new idea for monitoring MG in water environment and fish products.

Be-original break new ground: Fluorescence sensing of humic acid in natural water and soil by pitaya seed carbon dots.

Pitaya seed carbon dots (P-CDs) with good biocompatibility were synthesized by hydrothermal method using natural biological matrix as carbon source, which applied to the detection of humic acid (HA) for the first time. So far, there is no report on the use of biomatrix-derived carbon dots for the detection of HA. This method can bring less pollution to the detection process of HA, which is very important to ensure lower cost, environmental safety and minimized energy consumption. In addition, it was worth noting that, based on the concept of green chemistry, the preparation process of P-CDs is simple, and the fluorescence method is used for analysis. Based on the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism, the detection of HA in water and soil can be realized in a short time. The results matched those of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), suggesting that it shows great potential in water and soil quality monitoring.