Co-transcriptional R-loops-mediated epigenetic regulation drives growth retardation and docetaxel chemosensitivity enhancement in advanced prostate cancer.

R-loops are prevalent three-stranded nucleic acid structures, comprising a DNA-RNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA, that frequently form during transcription and may be attributed to genomic stability and gene expression regulation. It was recently discovered that RNA modification contributes to maintain the stability of R-loops such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Yet, m6A-modified R-loops in regulating gene transcription remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding proteins (IGF2BPs) recognize R-loops in an m6A-dependent way. Consequently, IGF2BPs overexpression leads to increased overall R-loop levels, cell migration inhibition, and cell growth retardation in prostate cancer (PCa) via precluding the binding of DNA methyltransferase 1(DNMT1) to semaphorin 3 F (SEMA3F) promoters. Moreover, the K homology (KH) domains of IGF2BPs are required for their recognition of m6A-containing R-loops and are required for tumor suppressor functions. Overexpression of SEMA3F markedly enhanced docetaxel chemosensitivity in prostate cancer via regulating Hippo pathway. Our findings point to a distinct R-loop resolution pathway mediated by IGF2BPs, emphasizing the functional importance of IGF2BPs as epigenetic R-loop readers in transcriptional genetic regulation and cancer biology.The manuscript summarizes the new role of N6-methyladenosine in epigenetic regulation, we introduce the distinct R-loop resolution mediated by IGF2BP proteins in an m6A-dependent way, which probably lead to the growth retardation and docetaxel chemotherapy resistance in prostate cancer. Moreover, our findings first emphasized the functional importance of IGF2BPs as epigenetic R-loop readers in transcriptional genetic regulation and cancer biology. In addition, our research provides a novel RBM15/IGF2BPs/DNMT1 trans-omics regulation m6A axis, indicating the new crosstalk between RNA m6A methylation and DNA methylation in prostate cancer.

N6-methyladenosine-modified CircPSMA7 enhances bladder cancer malignancy through the miR-128-3p/MAPK1 axis.

Several studies have indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in the progression of various diseases, including bladder cancer (BCa). However, the underlying mechanisms by which circRNAs drive BCa malignancy remain unclear. In this study, we identified a novel circRNA, circPSMA7 (circbaseID:has_circ_0003456), showing increased expression in BCa cell lines and tissues, by integrating the reported information with circRNA-seq and qRT-PCR. We revealed that circPSMA7 is associated with a higher tumor grade and stage in BCa. M6A modification was identified in circPSMA7, and IGF2BP3 recognized this modification and stabilized circPSMA7, subsequently increasing the circPSMA7 expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments showed that circPSMA7 promoted BCa proliferation and metastasis by regulating the cell cycle and EMT processes. CircPSMA7 acted as a sponge for miR-128-3p, which showed antitumor effects in BCa cell lines, increasing the expression of MAPK1. The tumor proliferation and metastasis suppression induced by silencing circPSMA7 could be partly reversed by miR-128-3p inhibition. Thus, the METTL3/IGF2BP3/circPSMA7/miR-128-3p/MAPK1 axis plays a critical role in BCa progression. Furthermore, circPSMA7 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker and novel therapeutic target for patients with BCa.

Research hotspots of prostate cancer at the international conferences on urology in 2022. / 2022å¹´æ³Œå°¿å¤–ç§‘å›½é™ ä¼šè®®å‰åˆ—è ºç™Œç›¸å ³ç ”ç©¶çƒ­ç‚¹.

The American Urological Association (AUA), European Association of Urology (EUA) and International Urological Society (SIU) annual meetings were held in 2022. Studies on prostate cancer reported in the meetings mainly focus on the advances of diagnostic biomarkers (such as α-2, 3-1inked sialylation of terminal N-glycan on free PSA density, SelectMDx) and imaging techniques [such as multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, prostate specific membrane antigen(PSMA)-PET/CT], the new method for prostate biopsy, the new treatments of prostate cancer including [177Lu] Ludotadipep and DROP-IN PSMA probe, and the prognosis assessment of prostate cancer (such as AR-V7). This article provides an overview on the research hotspots of three international academic meetings.

Formulation and Evaluation of a Drug-in-Adhesive Patch for Transdermal Delivery of Colchicine.

Gout is one of the most prevalent rheumatic diseases, globally. Colchicine (COL) is the first-line drug used for the treatment of acute gout. However, the oral administration of COL is restricted, owing to serious adverse reactions. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a drug-in-adhesive (DIA) patch to achieve transdermal delivery of COL. We investigated the solubility of COL in different pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) using slide crystallization studies. The COL-DIA patches were optimized based on in vitro skin penetration studies and evaluated by in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The results showed that the optimized COL-DIA patch contained 10% COL, Duro-Tak 87-2516 as PSA, 5% oleic acid (OA) and 5% propylene glycol (PG) as permeation enhancer, exhibiting the highest in vitro cumulative penetration amount of COL (235.14 ± 14.47 µg∙cm-2 over 48 h). Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated that the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) was 2.65 ± 0.26 ng/L and the mean retention time (MRT) was 37.47 ± 7.64 h of the COL-DIA patch, effectively reducing the drug side effects and prolonging drug activity. In addition, pharmacodynamic studies showed the patch significantly decreased the expression levels of inflammatory factors of gouty rats and reduced pathological damage in the ankle joint of rats, making it an attractive alternative to the administration of COL for the treatment of gout.

SMAD3 and FTO are involved in miR-5581-3p-mediated inhibition of cell migration and proliferation in bladder cancer.

Previous research evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an indispensable role in onset and progression of bladder cancer (BCa). Here, we explored the functions and mechanisms of miR-5581-3p in BCa. miR-5581-3p, as a tumor suppressor in BCa, was detected at a lower expression level in BCa tissue and cells in contrast with the non-malignant bladder tissue and cells. Over-expression of miR-5581-3p remarkably dampened the migration and proliferation of BCa in vitro and in vivo. SMAD3 and FTO were identified as the direct targets of miR-5581-3p by online databases prediction and mRNA-seq, which were further verified. SMAD3 as a star molecule in modulating EMT progress of BCa had been formulated in former studies. Meanwhile, FTO proved as an N6-methyladenosine (m6A) demethylase in decreasing m6A modification was confirmed to regulate the migration and proliferation in BCa. In addition, we conducted rescue experiments and confirmed overexpressing miR-5581-3p partially rescued the effects of the overexpressing SMAD3 and FTO in BCa cells. In conclusion, our studies exhibit that miR-5581-3p is a novel tumor inhibitor of BCa.

circKDM4C enhances bladder cancer invasion and metastasis through miR-200bc-3p/ZEB1 axis.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in human bladder cancer (BCa) development, however, unusual expression patterns and functional dysfunction of circRNAs in BCa have not been evaluated. In this study, we validated that circKDM4C (hsa_circ_0001839), derived from the KDM4C gene, is elevated in BCa cell lines as well as tissues. Functionally, overexpression of circKDM4C significantly enhances, and silencing of circKDM4C suppresses migration and invasion capabilities of BCa cells. Mechanistically, circKDM4C can directly interact with miR-200b-3p and miR-200c-3p as a miRNA sponge, which enhances the expression of ZEB1 and promotes mesenchymal phenotype. Conclusively, our findings indicate that circKDM4C may act as a pro-oncogenic factor in BCa invasion and metastasis via the circKDM4C/miR-200bc-3p/ZEB1 axis, which is a potential biomarker or therapeutic target for bladder cancer.

Clinicopathological characteristics of androgen receptor splicing variant 7 (AR-V7) expression in patients with castration resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND:  Studies have shown that AR-V7 may be correlated with the poor prognosis of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), however, clinicopathological characteristics of AR-V7 have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at evaluating the clinicopathological features of AR-V7 in CRPC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To evaluate the clinicopathological features of AR-V7 in CRPC patients. A search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was performed using the keywords prostate cancer, prostate tumor, prostate neoplasm, prostate carcinoma, AR-V7, AR3, androgen receptor splicing variant-7, or androgen receptor-3. Twenty-four trials published by February 2020 were included in this study. RESULTS: The proportion of Gleason score ≥ 8 was found to be significantly higher in AR-V7-positive CRPC (69.5%) than negative (54.9%) (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.25-2.25, p < 0.001), while the rates of T3/T4 stage (OR 1.16, 95% CI 0.60-2.24, p = 0.65) and N1 stage (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.65-1.51, p = 0.96) were not statistically correlated with AR-V7 status. The AR-V7-positive patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of any site metastasis (61.3% versus 35.0%; OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.57-3.05, p < 0.001) and bone metastasis (81.7% versus 69.0%; OR 1.97, 95% CI 1.44-2.69, p < 0.001), and a trend close to significance was expected in visceral metastasis (28.8% versus 22.1%; OR 1.29, 95% CI 0.96-1.74, p = 0.09). Incidences of pain in AR-V7-positive CRPC (54.6%) were significantly higher than in negative CRPC (28.1%; OR 4.23, 95% CI 2.52-7.10, p < 0.001), line with worse ECOG performance status (56.7% versus 35.0%, OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.51-3.16, P < 0.001). Limitations of the study include differences in sample sizes and designs, AR-V7 detection assays, as well as disease characteristics of the included studies. CONCLUSIONS: AR-V7 positivity is associated with a higher Gleason score, bone or any site metastasis, pain and worse ECOG performance scores in CRPC. However, it is not correlated with tumor stage or lymph node metastasis. More studies are needed to confirm these findings.