Effect of Various Beverages on Adhesion of Repaired CAD/CAM Restorative Materials.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of commonly consumed beverages on the bond strength of three different computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) resin-ceramic hybrid materials repaired with resin-based composite (RBC) materials. (2) Materials and Methods: Rectangular prism specimens (N = 138) measuring 6 mm × 5 mm × 2 mm were obtained from GC Cerasmart (GC), Lava Ultimate (LU), and Vita Enamic (VE) blocks. These blocks were polished and then subjected to thermal cycling (10,000 cycles, 5 °C to 55 °C). After the surface treatment was applied, the average surface roughness value was measured. All the surfaces were repaired with RBC. Thermal cycling was performed for the second time. Each group was then distributed into three subgroups according to the beverage used: tea (t), cola (c), and distilled water (0) (n = 15). The specimens were stored in these solutions for 28 days and then subjected to the shear bond strength (SBS) test. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni adjustment. (3) Results: The surface roughness of the materials presented no significant difference after different surface treatments (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed among the materials (p > 0.05). Tea and cola presented similar SBS values (p > 0.05). Both were significantly lower than distilled water (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). (4) Conclusions: Consumption of beverages reduces the bond strength in surfaces repaired with RBC to CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials. (5) Clinical Significance: Repairing damaged resin matrix dental restorations with RBC is advantageous in terms of time and cost by achieving adequate bond strengths. Frequently consumed beverages reduce the bond strength of repaired CAD/CAM resin-ceramic hybrid materials.

Evaluation of the relationship between GOHAI, MNA and the dental hygiene of using denture wearers for older patients.

BACKGROUND: The use of removable dentures increase due to tooth loss that occurs with ageing. The relationship between age, use of removable dentures and nutrition is important. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the GOHAI, the MNA, and the dental hygiene of older patients using dental prostheses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of people over 65 who used removable prostheses in at least one jaw (partial or complete denture) for a minimum of 6 months (n = 120). The data were collected using questionnaires of a qualified examiner and oral clinical tests with interviewers in person. The subjects' nutritional status was assessed by a Turkish version of the mini nutritional assessment (MNA). GOHAI questionnaire was used to evaluate those aspects considered to have an impact on the quality of life of the older population, such as functional limitation, aesthetic dissatisfaction, chewing discomfort, avoidance of particular food, out-of-social contacts and self-medication administered for dental pain. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between the GOHAI score and sociodemographic and intraoral data (p > .050). A negative correlation was found between age and MNA. A statistically significant difference was found between the MNA score's median values according to the participant's education level, type of prosthesis, and marital status (p < .050). Good was determined as the highest GOHAI category with 54%. CONCLUSION: There is a negative correlation between age and MNA. The risk of malnutrition increases with age. Since the oral condition also affects the patient's systemic condition, the team caring for geriatric patients must bring these people to the maximum level of life in a multidisciplinary manner.

Local myelin damage in the hippocampus fluctuates gut microbiome profile and memory.

The concept of the gut-brain axis has focused research on how gut dysbiosis affects myelin biology in the brain. However, this axis has not been tested to determine whether it conveys the effects of myelin damage on the gut microbiome profile. Therefore, we aimed to investigate how myelin biology is correlated with gut microbiome profile. The impact of local myelin damage in the hippocampus on gut microbiome profile was investigated with 16S rRNA metagenomic sequence and molecular analysis of myelin biology-associated proteins, and its reflections on memory performance were tested with behavioral tests. Local myelin damage in the hippocampus triggered severe gut dysbiosis, p < .05, changed memory performance, p < .05, and deviated emotional responses. Moreover, myelin treatment with clemastine improved gut dysbiosis and behavioral deviations. Our study provides animal-based evidence on the direct interaction between glial biology in the hippocampus and gut microbiome profile. This study proposes a framework for generating new hypotheses bridging different systems to the gut-brain axis.

Determinants of continued breastfeeding beyond 12 months in Turkey: secondary data analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey.

Continued breastfeeding at year 1 is one of the core indicators for assessing global infant and young child feeding practices. The study aims to determine the frequency of breastfeeding after 12 months (long-term breastfeeding) according to a number of infant and maternal characteristics and to investigate the effects of long-term breastfeeding on the nutritional habits and growth status of children as seen in the national data. The sample included 1666 children aged 12 to 35 months from the 2003 Turkey Demographic and Health Survey. Only 55.9% of children were breastfed beyond 12 months. The rates of long-term breastfeeding were higher in the presence of the following characteristics: high birth order, long preceding birth interval, religious marriage ceremony, usage of traditional contraceptive methods, mothers aged 30-34 years and overweight mothers. Rates were lower for mothers with tobacco exposure and for bottle-fed infants. Long-term breastfeeding did not affect the consumption of plain yogurt, solid foods and semi-solid foods; however, it was associated with a decreased intake of bottled milk and fruit juice. The rates of long-term breastfeeding were similar in the case of undernourished children and of those with normal growth status. Long-term breastfeeding was related to certain maternal and infant characteristics; however, it did not affect the consumption of complementary food. Breastfeeding promotion programs should include targeted interventions for younger, primiparous and smoking mothers.

Release of N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylcysteine amide from contact lenses.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the use of contact lenses to release N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA) that have frequently used for the treatment of some eye diseases. METHODS: Three commercial contact lenses were used: Soflens Multi-Focal, 1-Day ACUVUE TruEye, and Frequency 55. All contact lenses were individually kept for 3 days in 10 mL of 3 mM NAC or NACA solutions in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After the loading period, the lenses were removed from the solution and put into 5 mL of PBS for 3 days (static mode). During this period, samples were taken at specified times and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: From the release profiles of NAC and NACA, it was found that both NAC and NACA could be released from the lenses within 72 hours. Frequency 55 released 95.9%±2.7% of loaded NAC and 60.0%±2.1% of loaded NACA in 24 hours, whereas 1-Day ACUVUE TruEye released 80.9%±1.2% of loaded NAC and 54.0%±1.9% of loaded NACA and Soflens Multi-Focal released 72.8%±2.8% of loaded NAC and 51.9%±2.3% of loaded NACA during that same period. CONCLUSIONS: The lenses could achieve the appropriate delivery of drugs during their intended time of wear. The amount of released NACA was less than that of NAC because of the more hydrophobic structure of NACA. According to the power law, the values of the exponential constant n were found to be below 0.5, indicating that the behavior observed was "less Fickian".