The Effect of Preoperative Education Regarding Intraoperative Care on a Patient's Level of Fear of Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Study.

This randomized controlled study aimed to investigate the effect that preoperative education provided by the perioperative nurse about the OR environment and intraoperative care has on surgical fear in patients who come to the OR for surgical intervention. The study involved 92 patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery who were randomly assigned to the intervention or routine care group. Preoperatively, patients in the intervention group received education via a form that described the OR environment, the surgical process, and intraoperative care. The patients' surgical fear levels were assessed in the patients' rooms, in the clinic before education, and on arrival to the OR after education. The results showed that preoperative education about the OR environment and intraoperative processes significantly reduced patients' surgical fears.

Pain Management Knowledge and Attitudes for Surgical Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND: Pain is considered as one of the most common factors that cause people to seek medical care. An important responsibility of health professionals is to manage pain, and nurses play a crucial role in it. Therefore, nursing students must have pain management knowledge and skills to fulfill this role. AIM: The objective of the study was to examine pain management knowledge and attitudes of nursing students who had taken a surgical nursing course. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with volunteer second-year undergraduate nursing students (n = 260) from two universities in Turkey. The Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain and a student demographic information form were used for data collection. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, t test and variance analysis. RESULTS: The mean score on the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain was 6.78 ± 2.23. Of all the students, 48.8% reported that they only preferred pharmacologic treatments for pain management. The mean score on the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain significantly differed in terms of the type of high school (p = .044) and the unit for clinical education (p = .025). CONCLUSIONS: The students had a moderate mean score on the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain. The students who graduated from high school and those who received their clinical education in cardiovascular and thoracic surgery units had significantly higher mean scores on pain management knowledge and attitudes.

Do the Fluids Consumed by Surgical Patients in the Postoperative Period Affect Their Gastrointestinal Motility? A Correlational Study.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) motility and oral fluid intake levels in the postoperative period. DESIGN: This descriptive and correlational study was performed in an education and research hospital between June and September 2019. METHODS: The sample in this study consisted of individuals aged 18 to 80 years who had undergone laparoscopic abdominal surgery. No sampling was performed, and all patients volunteering to take part were included. FINDINGS: Patients were started on oral nutrition in a median of 6 hours (min: 6 max: 8) after surgery and received 500.00 mL (min: 100 max: 500) oral fluid on the first day after surgery, 600.00 mL (min: 200 max: 1200) on the second, and 725.00 mL (min: 652.47 max: 759.52) on the third. Median time to passage of flatus was 22.50 hours (min: 6 max: 36), and median time to stool production was 39.00 hours (min: 16 max: 70). A positive correlation was found between the amount of oral fluid consumption on the first day and time to passage of flatus, while a negative correlation was observed between the amount of fluid consumption on the second day and time to both flatus and stool production. CONCLUSIONS: Time to flatus production increased in line with the amount of fluid consumed via the oral route on the first day postoperatively, while times to production of flatus and stool decreased as the amount of fluid consumed orally on the second day increased.

Adaptation of Parental Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy Toward Minor Surgery to Turkish.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to conduct validity and reliability testing of the Turkish version of the Parent Self-Efficacy Scale for Child Autonomy toward Minor Surgery (PSESCAMS). DESIGN: The research is a methodological study. METHODS: Data were collected using an Introductory Form and the PSESCAMS. Factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis were used for the data analysis. FINDINGS: The scale consisted of 18 items and four subscales. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the overall scale was 0.95, and the Cronbach's alpha values for the subscales were 0.64-0.92. The total factor loading was > 0.45 for both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. GFI, AGFI, and CFI were > 0.90, RMSEA was 0.06. CONCLUSION: PSESCAMS was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish culture.

Effect of Gum Chewing on Pain and Anxiety in Turkish Children During Intravenous Cannulation: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PURPOSE: Although gum chewing is a simple intervention that can be used for the management of pain and anxiety in the nursing care of children, few studies have assessed this intervention. This study aimed to investigate the effect of gum chewing on pain and anxiety during intravenous (IV) cannulation in children. DESIGN AND METHODS: This randomized controlled study assessed 73 children aged 6 to 12 years in the general paediatric unit in a university hospital in the Trachy Region, Turkey from April to September 2017. In the experimental group, children chewed gum during the procedure. The standard care was applied to the control group. Data were collected via the Children's Anxiety Pain Scale and the Data Collection Form. RESULTS: According to the children's self-report and the nurse's report, the pain level of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group. Although no significant difference was noted between experimental and control groups' anxiety levels, nurses stated higher anxiety levels than children. CONCLUSIONS: The IV cannulation procedure causes pain and anxiety in children. Nurses reported the perception of a higher level of anxiety during the procedure than the children actually experienced. Gum chewing might reduce pain during IV cannulation. Nurses should consider using gum chewing as a simple nursing implementation to increase the effects of other pharmacological and non-pharmacological techniques for management of children's procedural pain. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Nurses who work with the children could use gum chewing as a simple, inexpensive, and pleasurable intervention for the management of pain.

Relations among Pain, Pain Beliefs, and Psychological Well-Being in Patients with Chronic Pain.

BACKGROUND: Chronic pain influencing the quality of life and well-being of the patients are also affected by pain beliefs. Psychological well-being could make a person have positive pain beliefs and these could facilitate patients' coping skills. In the care of the patients with chronic pain, nursing interventions can improve patients' well-being. AIMS: This study aimed to determine the relationship between pain, pain beliefs and psychological well-being in patients with chronic pain. DESIGN: A cross-sectional and relational study. SUBJECTS: This study was conducted with 86 patients with chronic joint pain. METHODS: A convenience sample method was used in the research. Data were gathered using a Personel Information Form, The Pain Beliefs Questionnaire and Psychological Well-being Scale. Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and correlation analysis were used for data assessment. RESULTS: It was found that there was a statistically significant correlation between pain severity and organic pain beliefs, statistically significant negative correlation between frequency and severity of pain and psychological well-being, and statistically significant relationship between organic pain beliefs and the psychological well-being. CONCLUSIONS: Organic pain beliefs and pain intensity affect the psychological well-being of the patients with chronic pain. To increase the psychological well-being level of patients with chronic pain, patients' informations, attitudes and beliefs about pain and pain control should be changed positively. Also, nursing care focused on improving well-being should be provided by nurses. Further studies should be carried out on other factors affecting the well-being of patients as well as pain and pain beliefs on larger samples.

Assessment of nursing students' stress levels and coping strategies in operating room practice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress levels and stress coping strategies of nursing students in their first operating room experience. This descriptive study was done with 126 nursing students who were having an experience in an operating room for the first time. Data were collected by using Personal Information Form, Clinical Stress Questionnaire, and Styles of Coping Inventory. The nursing students mostly had low clinical stress levels (M = 27.56, SD = 10.76) and adopted a self-confident approach in coping with stress (M = 14.3, SD = 3.58). The nursing students generally employed a helpless/self-accusatory approach among passive patterns as their clinical stress levels increased, used a self-confident and optimistic approach among active patterns as their average age increased, and those who had never been to an operating room previously used a submissive approach among passive patterns. The results showed that low levels of stress caused the nursing students to use active patterns in coping with stress, whereas increasing levels of stress resulted in employing passive patterns in stress coping. The nursing students should be ensured to maintain low levels of stress and use active patterns in stress coping.