[Preliminary efficacy of ab interno canaloplasty combined with micro-incision cataract surgery in primary open angle glaucoma combined with cataract: one-year results].

Objective: To evaluate the preliminary efficacy and safety of ab interno canaloplasty (ABiC) combined with micro-incision cataract surgery for treating primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) combined with cataract. Methods: Prospective case series study. Patients diagnosed with POAG and concurrent cataract were enrolled to receive ABiC combined with micro-incision phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in the Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from June 2018 to October 2019. Intraocular pressure (IOP), use of hypotensive medications, visual acuity, visual field, and optic nerve at baseline as well as at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months postoperatively were assessed. Subgroup analyses were further performed to evaluate these data between controlled and uncontrolled POAG, as well as among mild, moderate, and advanced POAG. Success rate and complications were analyzed. Results: A total of 68 eyes in 42 patients completed a follow-up of 12 months. Compared to the baseline IOP under medical control [(18.25±2.65) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)], the mean postoperative IOP at 1 month [(14.31±3.25) mmHg], 3 months [(14.00±3.09) mmHg], 6 months[ (14.58±2.93) mmHg], and 12 months[ (14.84±2.73) mmHg] was all significantly reduced (P<0.05). The median (upper quadrant, lower quadrant) of the hypotensive medication number was 2.5 (2, 3) at baseline, which was significantly reduced to 0 (0, 1) at 1 month, and 0 (0, 0) at 3, 6, and 12 months (P<0.05). The complete success rate and qualified success rate at 12 months were 80.88%(55/68) and 89.71%(61/68), respectively. No deterioration in the visual field or optical coherence tomography scan of the optic nerve was observed at 12 months compared to the baseline status. Hyphema (26 eyes, 38.24%) and transient IOP spike (23 eyes, 33.82%) were the most common complications, but no severe case was present. Conclusion: ABiC combined with micro-incision cataract surgery is considerably effective and safe in the treatment of POAG combined with cataract in the Chinese population.

[Spatio-temporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis and influencing factors in Beijing, 2008-2018].

Objective: To understand the spatiotemporal distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and influencing factors in Beijing from 2008 to 2018. Methods: The incidence data of pulmonary TB in Beijing from 2008 to 2018 were from Tuberculosis Information Management System of Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Software ArcGIS 10.2 was used to visualize the spatiotemporal distribution of pulmonary TB incidence. Getis's Gi* statistic was applied to analyze the spatial clustering of pulmonary TB incidence at street/township scale. Bayesian spatiotemporal model was applied to analyze factors affecting its spatiotemporal distribution, including urbanization rate, GDP per capita, number of hospital beds per thousand population, permanent migrant population and population density. Results: The reported pulmonary TB incidence showed a downward trend in the past 11 years in Beijing, from 58.64/100 000 to 30.43/100 000. The incidences were higher in Tongzhou, Changping and other newly developed urban districts, with the hot spots concentrated in local areas of these districts. The incidences of pulmonary TB were lower in Dongcheng, Xicheng and other old urban districts-with the cold spots also concentrated in these area. The risk for the incidence of pulmonary TB was associated with the urbanization rate and the permanent migrant population. For every 1% increase in the urbanization rate, the relative risk of pulmonary TB would increase by 1%. For every 10 000 person increase of permanent migrant population, the relative risk of pulmonary TB would increase by 0.6%. Conclusions: In Beijing, the current pulmonary TB prevention and control needs to be focused on the newly developed urban areas. Due to the accelerated process of urbanization, it is necessary to strengthen TB prevention and control in permanent migrant population to reduce the incidence of TB in Beijing.

A volumetric intracoronary ultrasonographic study of coronary bifurcation lesions.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the plaque distribution and composition pattern in the left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease using intracoronary ultrasound. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Intravascular ultrasound data of 50 patients from the January 2010 to December 2015 with significant LMCA bifurcation lesions, with angiographic diameter stenosis >50%, and requiring revascularization, were evaluated. Plaque burden and percentage of necrotic core (% NC) at the minimal lumen area site and maximal % NC site were measured in different segments. The segments that were included in the study are as follows: segment 1: proximal LMCA, segment 2: left anterior descending (LAD) ostium, segment 3: left circumflex branch (LCX) ostium, segment 4: proximal LAD, segment 5: proximal LCX. According to its relationship with the bifurcation ridge, the blood vessel wall was divided into the contralateral bifurcation ridge blood vessel wall and bifurcation ridge blood vessel wall. RESULTS: Plaque burden results showed that the plaque eccentricity index of segment 2 and segment 3 was significantly higher than that of the other segments at sites of the minimal lumen area and maximal % NC with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Plaque eccentricity index of contralateral bifurcation ridge was significantly higher than that of the bifurcation ridge, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Analysis of plaque composition showed the fibrous tissue percentage of segment 2 and segment 3 was significantly higher than the other segments that at the sites of minimal lumen area and the maximal % NC site. The fibrous percentage of the contralateral bifurcation ridge was significantly lower than that of the bifurcation ridge. CONCLUSIONS: Intravascular ultrasound is an effective way for detecting the distribution and composition of the atherosclerotic plaque at the left main coronary artery bifurcation and is of great significance to adjuvant interventional therapy.

Dynamics of levitated objects in acoustic vortex fields.

Acoustic levitation in gaseous media provides a tool to process solid and liquid materials without the presence of surfaces such as container walls and hence has been used widely in chemical analysis, high-temperature processing, drop dynamics and bioreactors. To date high-density objects can only be acoustically levitated in simple standing-wave fields. Here we demonstrate the ability of a small number of peripherally placed sources to generate acoustic vortex fields and stably levitate a wide range of liquid and solid objects. The forces exerted by these acoustic vortex fields on a levitated water droplet are observed to cause a controllable deformation of the droplet and/or oscillation along the vortex axis. Orbital angular momentum transfer is also shown to rotate a levitated object rapidly and the rate of rotation can be controlled by the source amplitude. We expect this research can increase the diversity of acoustic levitation and expand the application of acoustic vortices.

Note: Attenuation motion of acoustically levitated spherical rotor.

Here we observe the attenuation motion of spherical rotors levitated by near-field acoustic radiation force and analyze the factors that affect the duration time of free rotation. It is found that the rotating speed of freely rotating rotor decreases exponentially with respect to time. The time constant of exponential attenuation motion depends mainly on the levitation height, the mass of rotor, and the depth of concave ultrasound emitter. Large levitation height, large mass of rotor, and small depth of concave emitter are beneficial to increase the time constant and hence extend the duration time of free rotation.

Candidate genes for the development of hair follicles in Hu sheep.

The aim of this study was to detect candidate genes for the development of hair follicles in the Hu sheep breed. Seven genes have been detected in large, medium, and small wave follicles of Hu sheep using gene chip technology. The histological features of the follicles of newborn Hu-lambs were combined with fluorescence quantitative PCR technology to detect the correlation between the expression of the seven genes and hair follicle development. Among the genes studied, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7), and sideroflexin 1 (SFXN1) showed a significantly different pattern of expression in large, medium, and small wave follicles (P < 0.05). The expression of MMP2 had a significant positive correlation with secondary follicles in large waves (P < 0.05), while the expression of BMP7 had a significant correlation with primary follicle diameter in small wave follicles, and a highly significant positive correlation with the number of secondary follicles in the small waves (P < 0.01). The expression of SFXN1 was significantly and positively correlated with the diameters of small wave primary follicles; it also showed a highly significant positive correlation with secondary follicle diameters. Although other genes are associated with hair follicles, their expression in large, medium, and small wave follicles was not significant. We propose that BMP7, MMP2, and SFXN1 genes could be important candidate genes for use in breeding Hu lambs with early coat development.

Association of the VRK2 gene rs3732136 polymorphism with schizophrenia in a Northwest Chinese Han population.

Previous studies have found that the vaccinia related kinase 2 gene (VRK2) polymorphism was associated with schizophrenia (SCZ) in the worldwide population. This association was further supported by VRK2 mRNA expression patterns and brain structure variations. Here, we analyzed four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VRK2 gene in a total population of 893 samples, consisting of 360 patients with SCZ and 533 healthy controls of Han Chinese descent using the SNPscan method. Single SNP, haplotype, and gender-specific association analyses were performed. We found that rs3732136 was significantly associated with SCZ (P = 0.042; odds ratio = 1.25; 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.55). Further genotype and haplotype association analyses suggested a similar pattern. Our data provide preliminary evidence that the VRK2 gene might play a major role in the development of SCZ in the Northwest Chinese Han population.

Characterization of a New Streptomyces Strain, DS3024, That Causes Potato Common Scab.

A novel strain of Streptomyces (named DS3024) was isolated from a potato field in Michigan in 2006. The taxonomy of the organism was determined by morphology, biochemistry, and genetic analysis. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence indicated that the organism was most similar to an isolate of Streptomyces sp., ME02-6979.3a, which is not pathogenic to potato tubers but is distinct from other known pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Strain DS3024 has genes that encode thaxtomin synthetase (txtAB), which is required for pathogenicity and virulence, and tomatinase (tomA), which is a common marker for many pathogenic Streptomyces spp. However, the nec1 gene (associated with virulence in most pathogenic Streptomyces spp.) was not detected. The new strain was capable of growth at pH 4.5, caused necrosis on potato tuber slices, and produced thaxtomin A. In greenhouse experiments, DS3024 caused scab symptoms on potato tubers similar to those caused by Streptomyces scabies on tubers of potato cv. Atlantic, which is scab susceptible. We propose that DS3024 is a new strain of Streptomyces capable of causing common scab on potato tubers. The prevalence of this strain of Streptomyces in potato-producing areas in the north-central United States has not been determined.

[Experimental observation on anaphylaxis induced by Echinococcus infection in Meriones unguiculatus].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the anaphylaxis induced by Echinococcus granulosus or E. multilocularis (E. g. and E. m.) infection in Meriones unguiculatus. METHODS: 56 and 48 gerbils were intraperitoneally inoculated with E. g. protoscoleces and E. m. tissue homogenate. After three months, the anaphylactic responses initiated by intraperitoneal challenge injection with E. g. cystic fluids or partially purified antigen or E. m. metacestode homogenate antigen were observed. IgE antibody and direct eosinophilic leukocyte count (DELC) were detected at pre-postchallenge. RESULTS: The infection rates for E. g and E. m. in 56 and 48 gerbils were 89.3% and 97.9%, respectively. Among these groups, the lowest rate of anaphylaxis was 62.5%, the highest was 100%. The lowest rate of anaphylactic shock was 12.5%, and the highest 16.7%. After the gerbis were infected with E. g. and E. m., both IgE antibody and DELC increased gradually. At 60 min post challenge, IgE antibody level were significantly decreased, while DELC showed a sharp increase. CONCLUSION: Anaphylaxis could be induced in gerbils by Echinococcus infection followed by a challenge injection. Different antigens lead to different and degrees among the anaphylactic responses in the gerbils, however, there were no significant differences between E. g. and E. m. infections in gerbils.

[Releasable sutures for scleral flap in trabeculectomy].

Releasable sutures for scleral flaps in trabeculectomies were performed on 20 eyes of 15 patients. The sutures were removed on the 3rd to 14th post-operative days. The anterior chambers of 19 eyes (95%) were reformed within 24 hours, post-operatively, the mean remote intraocular pressure (IOP) was 1.71 +/- 0.38 kPa and 17 eyes (85%) had functional conjunctival blebs of filtration. In comparison with the control group, there are very significant differences in the duration for reformation of anterior chamber and remote level of IOP (P < 0.005, < 0.001). The procedure has the advantages of maintaining a deep anterior chamber during the early postoperative period and of facilitating long-term functional filtration.