RESUMO
Worldwide, it is estimated that 14.8% of all new tuberculosis cases in adults are attributable to HIV infection. Genitourinary tuberculosis is a known complication and is considered to be a severe form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Isolated tuberculous epididymo-orchitis is rare. We report a Caucasian HIV-positive heterosexual male with a clinical diagnosis of testicular tumour for which he underwent a right orchidectomy. Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis was confirmed by histology. In this case, all Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) criteria were met. We want to convey the message that in HIV-positive patients presenting with testicular swelling, an infective aetiology should be considered. This will increase the possibility of early diagnosis and proper management.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Epididimite/complicações , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Síndrome Inflamatória da Reconstituição Imune/complicações , Tuberculose dos Genitais Masculinos/complicações , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Heterossexualidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orquiectomia , Orquite/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Testiculares/complicações , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Gargantulide A (1), an extremely complex 52-membered macrolactone, was isolated from Streptomyces sp. A42983 and displayed moderate activity against MRSA. The planar structure of 1 was determined using 2D NMR, and its stereochemistry was partially established on the basis of NOESY correlations, J-based configuration analysis, and Kishi's universal NMR database.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Macrolídeos/isolamento & purificação , Macrolídeos/farmacologia , Streptomyces/química , Antibacterianos/química , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Clostridium/efeitos dos fármacos , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrolídeos/química , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efeitos dos fármacos , Streptococcus pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Vancomicina/farmacologiaRESUMO
Hoarseness of voice due to vocal cord paresis as a result of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy has been well recognised. Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is commonly caused by compression due to tumour or lymph nodes or by surgical damage. Vinca alkaloids are well known to cause peripheral neuropathy. However, vinca alkaloids causing recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy has been reported rarely in children. We report a case of an adult patient with HIV who developed hoarseness of voice due to vocal cord paralysis during vinblastine treatment for Hodgkin lymphoma. Mediastinal and hilar lymph node enlargement in such patients may distract clinicians from considering alternative causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, with potential ensuing severe or even life-threatening stridor.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Rouquidão/etiologia , Doença de Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Traumatismos do Nervo Laríngeo Recorrente , Vimblastina/uso terapêutico , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/induzido quimicamente , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Biópsia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Rouquidão/diagnóstico , Rouquidão/diagnóstico por imagem , Rouquidão/cirurgia , Doença de Hodgkin/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Radiografia , Resultado do Tratamento , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Paralisia das Pregas Vocais/complicações , Prega Vocal/diagnóstico por imagem , Prega Vocal/inervaçãoRESUMO
Eleven indole alkaloids, comprising four corynanthean, two eburnane, one aspidofractinine, one secoleuconoxine, one andranginine, and two pauciflorine type alkaloids were isolated from the stem-bark and leaf extracts of Kopsia pauciflora. Their structures were determined using NMR and MS analyses. The catharinensine type alkaloid kopsirensine B and the secoleuconoxine alkaloid arboloscine A showed moderate to weak activity in reversing MDR in vincristine-resistant KB cells. The alkaloid content was markedly different compared to that of a sample from Malaysian Borneo.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/isolamento & purificação , Apocynaceae/química , Alcaloides Indólicos/isolamento & purificação , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Humanos , Alcaloides Indólicos/química , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Células KB , Lactamas , Malásia , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Casca de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Vincristina/farmacologiaRESUMO
A 48-year-old woman with HIV infection developed Cushingoid features while she was taking ritonavir-boosted darunavir. Cushing's syndrome was confirmed due to the drug interaction between ritonavir and budesonide. Diagnosis of iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome in HIV-positive patients who are on ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (PIs) presents a clinical challenge due to similar clinical features of lipohypertrophy related to ritonavir-boosted PIs. Although this complication has been widely described with the use of inhaled fluticasone, the interaction with inhaled budesonide at therapeutic dose is not widely recognized.
Assuntos
Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Budesonida/efeitos adversos , Síndrome de Cushing/induzido quimicamente , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Ritonavir/efeitos adversos , Administração por Inalação , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/uso terapêutico , Budesonida/administração & dosagem , Síndrome de Cushing/complicações , Interações Medicamentosas , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Humanos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/fisiopatologia , Ritonavir/administração & dosagem , Ritonavir/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/transmissão , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Aceitação pelo Paciente de Cuidados de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mães , Virologia/métodos , País de Gales/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Patients with advanced HIV disease with low CD4 count are more prone to thrombo-embolism and various predisposing factors have been identified. These include the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant, deficiencies of proteins C and S, heparin co-factor II and antithrombin. Increased levels of Von Willebrand factor and d-dimers have also been linked with thrombo-embolism, as has the presence of concurrent infections and malignancies. We report a case of an AIDS patient who presented with acute hemiparesis. He was severely immunosuppressed. Computed tomography of the head confirmed cerebral infarction with haemorrhagic transformation. He had no known risk factors apart from being severely immunocompromised and had high anticardiolipin antibodies and low free protein S.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiologia , Infarto Cerebral/etiologia , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Deficiência de Proteína S/diagnóstico , Deficiência de Proteína S/etiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Adulto , Anticorpos Anticardiolipina/sangue , Hemorragia Cerebral/sangue , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Infarto Cerebral/sangue , Infarto Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Masculino , Paresia/sangue , Paresia/diagnóstico por imagem , Paresia/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
Aspergillus infections are rare opportunistic infections in the course of AIDS and they mostly present as invasive pulmonary disease. Owing to the prolonged survival of profoundly immunocompromised patients with AIDS, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is being reported with increased frequency. However, although pulmonary aspergilloma has been well described in immunocompetent patients, it has been rarely reported in AIDS patients. The treatment for pulmonary aspergilloma remains challenging and often needs lifelong treatment to minimize fatal haemoptysis, which can occur in up to 25%, and progression to secondary invasive aspergillosis. We report a case of pulmonary aspergilloma in a severely immunocompromised patient with AIDS who stopped taking systemic antifungal treatment in April 1998 and remained well with little progression of invasive aspergillosis up until March 2002 when he died of acute pancreatitis related to a drug interaction of didanosine and tenofovir.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Antifúngicos , Aspergilose/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Adenina/efeitos adversos , Adenina/análogos & derivados , Fármacos Anti-HIV/efeitos adversos , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Aspergilose/diagnóstico por imagem , Aspergilose/microbiologia , Didanosina/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Interações Medicamentosas , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Pneumopatias Fúngicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Organofosfonatos/efeitos adversos , Pancreatite/etiologia , Radiografia , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/efeitos adversos , Tenofovir , Resultado do TratamentoAssuntos
Celulite (Flegmão)/induzido quimicamente , Doenças dos Genitais Masculinos/induzido quimicamente , Homossexualidade Masculina , Escroto , Cloreto de Sódio/efeitos adversos , Soropositividade para HIV/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cloreto de Sódio/administração & dosagemRESUMO
The root and stem bark extracts of a Nigerian sample of Leptonychia pubescens Keay (Sterculiaceae) were found to inhibit the serine protease tryptase, a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Bioassay-guided isolation led to the identification of 1-beta-ribofuranosylbrunfelsamidine as the active component with a tryptase IC (50) of 3 microM. Brunfelsamidine was also isolated, but was only weakly active.
Assuntos
Malvaceae/química , Monossacarídeos/farmacologia , Serina Endopeptidases/metabolismo , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologia , Humanos , Pulmão/enzimologia , Estrutura Molecular , Monossacarídeos/química , Monossacarídeos/isolamento & purificação , Casca de Planta/química , Extratos Vegetais/química , Raízes de Plantas/química , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/química , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/isolamento & purificação , TriptasesRESUMO
1D and 2D NMR techniques were used to assign fully the spectra of three aspidofractinine alkaloids, kopsine (1), fruticosamine (2) and fruticosine (3), isolated from a cultivated specimen of the plant Kopsia fruticosa (Apocynaceae). The assignment of the NMR data for 1, 2 and 3 will help in the future assignments of related alkaloids.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/química , Alcaloides Indólicos/química , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética/normas , Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Alcaloides Indólicos/isolamento & purificação , Conformação Molecular , Padrões de ReferênciaRESUMO
An extract from the fungus Emericella aurantiobrunnea was found to compete with macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha for binding to human CCR5 in a scintillation proximity assay (SPA). Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of variecolin (1) and variecolol (2), which had IC50 values of 9 and 32 microM, respectively. An X-ray crystal structure of variecolin (1) was obtained for the first time. Also isolated were four new inactive analogues, emericolin A (3), B (4), C (5), and D (6), and the relative stereochemistry of these compounds was determined by NMR methods using ROESY spectra and 1H/1H coupling constants.
Assuntos
Ascomicetos/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores CCR5 , Proteínas Inflamatórias de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Terpenos/isolamento & purificação , Terpenos/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL3 , Quimiocina CCL4 , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Conformação Molecular , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Terpenos/químicaAssuntos
Ascomicetos/química , Benzoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Benzoquinonas/farmacologia , Antagonistas dos Receptores CCR5 , Stachybotrys/química , Animais , Ascomicetos/metabolismo , Benzoquinonas/química , Benzoquinonas/metabolismo , Ligação Competitiva , Células CHO , Quimiocina CCL4 , Cricetinae , Fermentação , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Proteínas Inflamatórias de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Receptores CCR5/metabolismo , Espectrometria de Massas por Ionização por Electrospray , Stachybotrys/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Nevirapine, a nonnucleoside analogue, has demonstrated suppression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication alone and in combination therapy. However, the durable suppression of HIV with nevirapine when used along with other nucleosides in HIV-infected patients who are treated in clinical practice needs further evaluation. PURPOSE: To evaluate the sustained efficacy of nevirapine in combination with two nucleoside analogues in the treatment of HIV-infected patients in routine clinical practice. DESIGN: A multicenter study from January 1997 to December 2000, with follow-up through 48 weeks, was conducted at four different genitourinary medicine clinics in the United Kingdom. Forty-four HIV-infected patients received nevirapine and two nucleoside analogues. Information from case notes regarding age, sex, side effects, viral load, and CD4 lymphocyte counts at baseline, 24 weeks, and 48 weeks was collected and analyzed. Virologic suppression, defined as HIV RNA concentration of less than 400 copies/mL at Weeks 24 and 48, was considered as the main outcome measure. RESULTS: Out of 44 patients, 41 were men with a mean age of 39.3 years (95% CI 36.7-41.8). The baseline viral load was 2.11 x 10(2) to 9.74 x 10(5) copies/mL (median 7.7 x 10(4) and CD4 counts 6 to 605 cells/dL (M = 247; 95% CI 198-295). Of 39 patients who completed 48 weeks of treatment, viral load suppression was attained in 31 patients (79.4%; 95% CI 66.8-92.0) at 24 weeks and in 27 patients (69.2%; 95% CI 54-83) at 48 weeks. The CD4 lymphocyte count increased in 32 (82%) patients (mean 106 cells/dL, 95% CI 73-139, p =.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) after 24 weeks and in 33 (84.6%) patients (mean 160 cells/dL, 95% CI 115-204, p =.0001, Wilcoxon signed rank test) after 48 weeks of treatment. Of 20 patients whose baseline viral load was <100000, 16 had viral load suppressed at 24 weeks and 15 at 48 weeks (p =.6, chi-square test). CONCLUSION: A regime of nevirapine with two nucleoside analogues provided durable suppression of plasma viral load in HIV infected patients, with significant improvement in the CD4 cell count.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Nevirapina/uso terapêutico , Nucleosídeos/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Quimioterapia Combinada , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , HIV-1/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Nevirapina/administração & dosagem , Nevirapina/farmacologia , Nucleosídeos/administração & dosagem , Nucleosídeos/farmacologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Transcriptase Reversa/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Carga ViralRESUMO
Two new compounds, 10-methoxydihydrofuscin (1) and fuscinarin (2), and one known compound, fuscin (3), have been isolated from the soil fungus Oidiodendron griseum. These compounds were found to compete effectively with macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1 alpha for binding to human CCR5, an important anti HIV-1 target that interferes with HIV entry into cells. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.
Assuntos
Benzopiranos/isolamento & purificação , Antagonistas dos Receptores CCR5 , Fungos/química , HIV-1/imunologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Inflamatórias de Macrófagos/metabolismo , Benzopiranos/química , Benzopiranos/farmacologia , Quimiocina CCL4 , HIV-1/fisiologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 3 Anéis/farmacologia , Humanos , Estrutura Molecular , Ressonância Magnética Nuclear BiomolecularAssuntos
Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Febre/induzido quimicamente , Vasculite por IgA/induzido quimicamente , Minociclina/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Exantema/induzido quimicamente , Exantema/patologia , Feminino , Febre/patologia , Humanos , Vasculite por IgA/patologia , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/patologiaRESUMO
Bioassay-guided fractionation of a CHCl(3) extract from the leaves of Ardisia teysmanniana Scheff. (Myrsinaceae) has led to the isolation of three new alkyldibenzoquinone derivatives that showed inhibitory activity in an in vitro assay for UDP-MurNac synthesis. The structures of ardisiaquinone G, H and I were established using MS and NMR spectroscopic methods.
Assuntos
Benzoquinonas/química , Primulaceae/química , Benzoquinonas/isolamento & purificação , Folhas de Planta/químicaRESUMO
Intravenous injection of the aspidofractinine alkaloid, kopsingine (1, 0.2-10.0 mg/kg) from Kopsia teoi, produced dose-related decreases in the mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in anesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats, which were similar to those seen in normotensive controls. Minor modifications in the molecular structure of kopsingine, as in kopsaporine (2, the 12-demethoxy derivative of kopsingine) and 14,15-dihydrokopsingine (4), did not significantly alter the hypotensive responses, whereas a more drastic change in the structure, as in the heptacyclic kopsidine A (3) and the 3-to-17 oxo-bridged compound 5, resulted in an increase in blood pressure. The antihypertensive effects of kopsingine (1) and its congeners (2 and 4) along with the pressor effects produced by the heptacyclic oxo-bridged compounds (5 and 3) could be ascribed to central as well as peripheral actions.
Assuntos
Alcaloides/isolamento & purificação , Anti-Hipertensivos/isolamento & purificação , Plantas Medicinais/química , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Sudeste Asiático , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos SHR , Ratos Endogâmicos WKYRESUMO
A series of indole alkaloids of the aspidofractinine-type was assessed for their potential in reversing MDR in vincristine-resistant KB cells. Of the compounds tested, kopsiflorine, kopsamine, pleiocarpine, 11-methoxykopsilongine, lahadinine A and N-methoxycarbonyl-11,12-methylenedioxy-delta 16,17-kopsinine were found to show appreciable activity.