Green and Scalable Fabrication of High-Performance Biocatalysts Using Covalent Organic Frameworks as Enzyme Carriers.

Enzyme immobilization is essential to the commercial viability of various critical large-scale biocatalytic processes. However, challenges remain for the immobilization systems, such as difficulties in loading large enzymes, enzyme leaching, and limitations for large-scale fabrication. Herein, we describe a green and scalable strategy to prepare high-performance biocatalysts through in situ assembly of enzymes with covalent organic frameworks (COFs) under ambient conditions (aqueous solution and room temperature). The obtained biocatalysts have exceptional reusability and stability and serve as efficient biocatalysts for important industrial reactions that cannot be efficiently catalyzed by free enzymes or traditional enzyme immobilization systems. Notably, this versatile enzyme immobilization platform is applicable to various COFs and enzymes. The reactions in an aqueous solution occurred within a short timeframe (ca. 10-30 min) and could be scaled up readily (ca. 2.3 g per reaction).

Engineering Olefin-Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Photoenzymatic Reduction of CO2.

It is of profound significance concerning the global energy and environmental crisis to develop new techniques that can reduce and convert CO2 . To address this challenge, we built a new type of artificial photoenzymatic system for CO2 reduction, using a rationally designed mesoporous olefin-linked covalent organic framework (COF) as the porous solid carrier for co-immobilizing formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and Rh-based electron mediator. By adjusting the incorporating content of the Rh electronic mediator, which facilitates the regeneration of nicotinamide cofactor (NADH) from NAD+ , the apparent quantum yield can reach as high as 9.17±0.44 %, surpassing all reported NADH-regenerated photocatalysts constructed by crystalline framework materials. Finally, the assembled photocatalyst-enzyme coupled system can selectively convert CO2 to formic acid with high efficiency and good reusability. This work demonstrates the first example using COFs to immobilize enzymes for artificial photosynthesis systems that utilize solar energy to produce value-added chemicals.

Fabrication of Biomolecule-Covalent-Organic-Framework Composites as Responsive Platforms for Smart Regulation of Fermentation Application.

Exploration of novel material platforms to protect biological preservatives and realize intelligent regulation during fermentation is of great significance in industry. Herein, we established an intelligent responsive platform by introducing antimicrobial biomolecules (nisin) into rationally designed covalent organic frameworks (COFs), resulting in a new type of "smart formulation", which could responsively inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the orderly progression of the fermentation process. The encapsulated biomolecules retained their activity while exhibiting enhanced stability and pH-responsive releasing process (100% bacteriostatic efficiency at a pH of 3), which can ingeniously adapt to the environmental variation during the fermentation process and smartly fulfill the regulation needs. Moreover, the nisin@COF composites would not affect the fermentation strains. This study will pave a new avenue for the preparation of highly efficient and intelligent antimicrobial agents for the regulation of the fermentation process and play valuable roles in the drive toward green and sustainable biomanufacturing.

Discharge planning for acute coronary syndrome patients in a tertiary hospital: a best practice implementation project.

BACKGROUND: Acute coronary syndromes threaten the lives of patients, and pose a high risk for morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment. Evidence highlights that effective discharge planning is associated with long-term prognosis of patients. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this project was to improve local practice in discharge planning for acute coronary syndrome patients in Huadong Hospital, Shanghai. METHODS: Five criteria identified by the Joanna Briggs Institute were used to conduct an audit in the Cardiovascular Ward and Coronary Care Unit of Huadong Hospital, Shanghai. Forty-two nurses and 65 patients were involved. The Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tools for promoting change in health practice were used to ascertain compliance with the criteria before and after the implementation of best practice. The program included three phases and was conducted over five months. RESULTS: The project showed that the compliance rates of in-house education, advice on lifestyle changes, education on discharge medication and left ventricular assessment reached 100%. Psychological screening also attained 97% compliance. There were improvements in the compliance rates of four criteria from 38% to 100%, excluding in-house education which was already 100% compliant. CONCLUSIONS: The project achieved significant improvements in establishing evidence-based practice of discharge planning for acute coronary syndrome patients in the Cardiovascular Ward and Coronary Care Unit. Strategies for sustaining best practice will continue to be developed in the future.