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Adiponectin regulates steroid production and influences gonadal development. This study examined the effects of tannic acid (TA) on the adiponectin levels and gonads of male Brandt's voles. Male Brandt's voles aged 90 d were randomly separated into three groups: a control group (provided distilled water), a group given 600 mgâkg-1 TA, and a group that received 1200 mgâkg-1 TA (continuous gavage for 18 d). In this study, we examined the effects of TA on the adiponectin, antioxidant, and inflammatory levels in the testes. Furthermore, we examined the expression of important regulatory elements that influence adiponectin expression and glucose utilisation. In addition, the body weight, reproductive organ weight, and testicular shape were assessed. Our study observed that TA treatment increased serum adiponectin levels, DsbA-L and Ero1-Lα transcription levels, and AdipoR1, AMPK, GLUT1, and MCT4 expression levels in testicular tissue. TA enhanced pyruvate and lactic acid levels in the testicular tissue, boosted catalase activity, and reduced MDA concentrations. TA reduced the release of inflammatory factors in the testicular tissues of male Brandt's voles. TA increased the inner diameter of the seminiferous tubules. In conclusion, TA appears to stimulate adiponectin secretion and gonadal growth in male Brandt's voles while acting as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent.
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Surface terminations profoundly influence the intrinsic properties of MXenes, but existing terminations are limited to monoatomic layers or simple groups, showing disordered arrangements and inferior stability. Here we present the synthesis of MXenes with triatomic-layer borate polyanion terminations (OBO terminations) through a flux-assisted eutectic molten etching approach. During the synthesis, Lewis acidic salts act as the etching agent to obtain the MXene backbone, while borax generates BO2- species, which cap the MXene surface with an O-B-O configuration. In contrast to conventional chlorine/oxygen-terminated Nb2C with localized charge transport, OBO-terminated Nb2C features band transport described by the Drude model, exhibiting a 15-fold increase in electrical conductivity and a 10-fold improvement in charge mobility at the d.c. limit. This transition is attributed to surface ordering that effectively mitigates charge carrier backscattering and trapping. Additionally, OBO terminations provide Ti3C2 MXene with substantially enriched Li+-hosting sites and thereby a large charge-storage capacity of 420 mAh g-1. Our findings illustrate the potential of intricate termination configurations in MXenes and their applications for (opto)electronics and energy storage.
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Advanced oxidation technologies based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) have been extensively applied for the degradation of antibiotics. However, the degradation process inevitably introduces SO42- and other sulfur-containing anions, these pollutants pose a huge threat to the water and soil environment. Addressing these concerns, this study introduced PMS oxidation into a multi-chamber membrane capacitive deionization (MC-MCDI) device to achieve simultaneous tetracycline (TC) degradation and removal of PMS reaction byproduct ions. The experimental results demonstrated that when the TC solution (40 mg L-1) was pre-adsorbed for 10 min, the voltage was 1.2 V and the concentration of PMS solution added was 4 mg mL-1, the removal efficiency of TC and ion can reach 77.4 % and 46.5 % respectively. Furthermore, the activation process of PMS in MC-MCDI/PMS system and the reactive oxygen (ROS) that mainly produce degradation were deeply investigated. Finally, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was employed to identify intermediates of TC degradation, propose potential degradation pathways, and analyze the toxicities of the intermediates. In addition, in five cycles, the MC-MCDI/PMS system demonstrated excellent stability. This study provides an effective strategy for treating TC wastewater and a novel approach for simultaneous TC degradation and desalination.
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Oxirredução , Peróxidos , Tetraciclina , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Purificação da Água , Tetraciclina/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Purificação da Água/métodos , Peróxidos/química , Antibacterianos/química , Membranas Artificiais , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/químicaRESUMO
Tannic acid (TA) is a polyphenol with antioxidant properties present in various plants. In this study, we explored the protective effect of TA against ovarian oxidative stress in Brandt's voles and its underlying mechanism. At various doses, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) was intraperitoneally injected into Brandt's voles to simulate ovarian oxidative stress. Thereafter, various doses of TA were intragastrically administered to examine the protective effect of TA against 3-NPA-induced ovarian damage. Changes in inflammation, autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress-related factors were investigated through various biochemical and histological techniques. Ovarian oxidative stress was successfully induced by the intraperitoneal administration of 12.5 mg/kg 3-NPA for 18 days. As a result, the ovarian coefficient decreased and ovarian tissue fibrosis was induced. TA treatment effectively alleviated the increase in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels; the decrease in estradiol, progesterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone levels; and the decline in fertility induced by 3-NPA. Compared to that in the 3-NPA group, TA decreased the expression of autophagy-related proteins beclin-1 and LC3, as well as the level of apoptosis. It also activated the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, downregulated PTEN and p-NF-κB expression, and upregulated Nrf2 expression. In conclusion, our findings indicate that TA could inhibit autophagy via the regulation of AKT/mTOR signaling, suppressing oxidative damage and inflammatory responses through Nrf2 to alleviate 3-NPA-induced ovarian damage. Collectively, the current findings highlight the protective effects of TA in Brandt's vole, where it promotes the maintenance of normal ovarian function.
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Arvicolinae , Nitrocompostos , Ovário , Estresse Oxidativo , Propionatos , Taninos , Animais , Feminino , Nitrocompostos/toxicidade , Propionatos/toxicidade , Ovário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ovário/metabolismo , Ovário/patologia , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Taninos/farmacologia , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , PolifenóisRESUMO
Magnesium (Mg) batteries hold promise as a large-scale energy storage solution, but their progress has been hindered by the lack of high-performance cathodes. Here, we address this challenge by unlocking the reversible four-electron Te0/Te4+ conversion in elemental Te, enabling the demonstration of superior Mg//Te dual-ion batteries. Specifically, the classic magnesium aluminum chloride complex (MACC) electrolyte is tailored by introducing Mg bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2), which initiates the Te0/Te4+ conversion with two distinct charge-storage steps. Te cathode undergoes Te/TeCl4 conversion involving Cl- as charge carriers, during which a tellurium subchloride phase is presented as an intermediate. Significantly, the Te cathode achieves a high specific capacity of 543â mAh gTe -1 and an outstanding energy density of 850â Wh kgTe -1, outperforming most of the previously reported cathodes. Our electrolyte analysis indicates that the addition of Mg(TFSI)2 reduces the overall ion-molecule interaction and mitigates the strength of ion-solvent aggregation within the MACC electrolyte, which implies the facilized Cl- dissociation from the electrolyte. Besides, Mg(TFSI)2 is verified as an essential buffer to mitigate the corrosion and passivation of Mg anodes caused by the consumption of the electrolyte MgCl2 in Mg//Te dual-ion cells. These findings provide crucial insights into the development of advanced Mg-based dual-ion batteries.
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The pressing demand for sustainable energy storage solutions has spurred the burgeoning development of aqueous zinc batteries. However, kinetics-sluggish Zn2+ as the dominant charge carriers in cathodes leads to suboptimal charge-storage capacity and durability of aqueous zinc batteries. Here, we discover that an ultrathin two-dimensional polyimine membrane, featured by dual ion-transport nanochannels and rich proton-conduction groups, facilitates rapid and selective proton passing. Subsequently, a distinctive electrochemistry transition shifting from sluggish Zn2+-dominated to fast-kinetics H+-dominated Faradic reactions is achieved for high-mass-loading cathodes by using the polyimine membrane as an interfacial coating. Notably, the NaV3O8·1.5H2O cathode (10 mg cm-2) with this interfacial coating exhibits an ultrahigh areal capacity of 4.5 mAh cm-2 and a state-of-the-art energy density of 33.8 Wh m-2, along with apparently enhanced cycling stability. Additionally, we showcase the applicability of the interfacial proton-selective coating to different cathodes and aqueous electrolytes, validating its universality for developing reliable aqueous batteries.
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Vinylene-linked two-dimensional polymers (V-2DPs) and their layer-stacked covalent organic frameworks (V-2D COFs) featuring high in-plane π-conjugation and robust frameworks have emerged as promising candidates for energy-related applications. However, current synthetic approaches are restricted to producing V-2D COF powders that lack processability, impeding their integration into devices, particularly within membrane technologies reliant upon thin films. Herein, we report the novel on-water surface synthesis of vinylene-linked cationic 2DPs films (V-C2DP-1 and V-C2DP-2) via Knoevenagel polycondensation, which serve as the anion-selective electrode coating for highly-reversible and durable zinc-based dual-ion batteries (ZDIBs). Model reactions and theoretical modeling revealed the enhanced reactivity and reversibility of the Knoevenagel reaction on the water surface. On this basis, we demonstrated the on-water surface 2D polycondensation towards V-C2DPs films that show large lateral size, tunable thickness, and high chemical stability. Representatively, V-C2DP-1 presents as a fully crystalline and face-on oriented film with in-plane lattice parameters of a=b≈43.3â Å. Profiting from its well-defined cationic sites, oriented 1D channels, and stable frameworks, V-C2DP-1 film possesses superior bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion (TFSI-)-transport selectivity (transference, t_=0.85) for graphite cathode in high-voltage ZDIBs, thus triggering additional TFSI--intercalation stage and promoting its specific capacity (from ~83 to 124â mAh g-1) and cycling life (>1000â cycles, 95 % capacity retention).
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Rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are potential candidates for sustainable energy storage systems at a grid scale, owing to their high safety and low cost. However, the existing cathode chemistries exhibit restricted energy density, which hinders their extensive applications. Here, a tellurium redox-amphoteric conversion cathode chemistry is presented for aqueous zinc batteries, which delivers a specific capacity of 1223.9 mAh gTe -1 and a high energy density of 1028.0 Wh kgTe -1. A highly concentrated electrolyte (30 mol kg-1 ZnCl2) is revealed crucial for initiating the Te redox-amphoteric conversion as it suppresses the H2O reactivity and inhibits undesirable hydrolysis of the Te4+ product. By carrying out multiple operando/ex situ characterizations, the reversible six-electron Te2-/Te0/Te4+ conversion with TeCl4 is identified as the fully charged product and ZnTe as the fully discharged product. This finding not only enriches the conversion-type battery chemistries but also establishes a critical step in exploring redox-amphoteric materials for aqueous zinc batteries and beyond.
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Sulfur is one of the most abundant and economical elements in the p-block family and highly redox active, potentially utilizable as a charge-storing electrode with high theoretical capacities. However, its inherent good solubility in many electrolytes inhibits its accessibility as an electrode material in typical metal-sulfur batteries. In this work, the synthetically designed fluorinated porous polymer, when treated with elemental sulfur through a well-known nucleophilic aromatic substitution mechanism (SN Ar), allows for the covalent integration of polysulfides into a highly conjugated benzimidazole polymer by replacing the fluorine atoms. Chemically robust benzimidazole linkages allow such harsh post-synthetic treatment and facilitate the electronic activation of the anchored polysulfides for redox reactions under applied potential. The electrode amalgamated with sulfurized polymer mitigates the so-called polysulfide shuttle effect in the lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery and also enables a reversible, more environmentally friendly, and more economical aluminum-sulfur (Al-S) battery that is configured with mostly p-block elements as cathode, anode, and electrolytes. The improved cycling stabilities and reduction of the overpotential in both cases pave the way for future sustainable energy storage solutions.
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Though both iron (hydr)oxides and soil organic matter (SOM) significantly influence heavy metal behaviors in soils, studies on the characteristics of natural minerals and the synergic effects of the two on Cr(VI) transformation are limited. This study investigated Cr(VI) retention mechanisms in four soils from tropical and subtropical regions of China based on a comprehensive characterization of Fe (hydr)oxides. These soils exhibited varying quantities of hematite, ferrihydrite and goethite, with distinct Al substitution levels and varied exposed crystallographic facets. Adsorption experiments revealed a positive correlation between Fe (hydr)oxide content and Cr(VI) fixation amount on colloid, which was influenced by the mineral types, Al substitution levels and facet exposures. Further, Cr(VI) was sequestered on soil by adsorption and reduction. In soils enriched with crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides, Cr(VI) reduction was primarily governed by SOM, while in soils enriched with poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides, mineral-associated Fe(II) also contributed to Cr(VI) reduction. Aging experiments demonstrated that SOM and mineral-associated Fe(II) expedited Cr (VI) passivation and diminished the Cr leaching. These results improve our understanding of natural Fe (hydr)oxide structures and their impact on Cr(VI) behavior in soils, and shed light on complex soil-contaminant interactions and remediation of Cr(VI) polluted soils.
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Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) are emerging as a unique subclass of layer-stacked crystalline coordination polymers that simultaneously possess porous and conductive properties, and have broad application potential in energy and electronic devices. However, to make the best use of the intrinsic electronic properties and structural features of 2D c-MOFs, the controlled synthesis of hierarchically nanostructured 2D c-MOFs with high crystallinity and customized morphologies is essential, which remains a great challenge. Herein, we present a template strategy to synthesize a library of 2D c-MOFs with controlled morphologies and dimensions via insulating MOFs-to-c-MOFs transformations. The resultant hierarchically nanostructured 2D c-MOFs feature intrinsic electrical conductivity and higher surface areas than the reported bulk-type 2D c-MOFs, which are beneficial for improved access to active sites and enhanced mass transport. As proof-of-concept applications, the hierarchically nanostructured 2D c-MOFs exhibit a superior performance for electrical properties related applications (hollow Cu-BHT nanocubes-based supercapacitor and Cu-HHB nanoflowers-based chemiresistive gas sensor), achieving over 225 % and 250 % improvement in specific capacity and response intensity over the corresponding bulk type c-MOFs, respectively.
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Currently, most reported 2D conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) are based on planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with symmetrical functional groups, limiting the possibility of introducing additional substituents to fine-tune the crystallinity and electrical properties. Herein, a novel class of wavy 2D c-MOFs with highly substituted, core-twisted hexahydroxy-hexa-cata-benzocoronenes (HH-cHBCs) as ligands is reported. By tailoring the substitution of the c-HBC ligands with electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs), such as fluorine, chlorine, and bromine, it is demonstrated that the crystallinity and electrical conductivity at the molecular level can be tuned. The theoretical calculations demonstrate that F-substitution leads to a more reversible coordination bonding between HH-cHBCs and copper metal center, due to smaller atomic size and stronger electron-withdrawing effect. As a result, the achieved F-substituted 2D c-MOF exhibits superior crystallinity, comprising ribbon-like single crystals up to tens of micrometers in length. Moreover, the F-substituted 2D c-MOF displays higher electrical conductivity (two orders of magnitude) and higher charge carrier mobility (almost three times) than the Cl-substituted one. This work provides a new molecular design strategy for the development of wavy 2D c-MOFs and opens a new route for tailoring the coordination reversibility by ligand substitution toward increased crystallinity and superior electric conductivity.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease that affects millions globally. The present nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug treatments have different side effects, leading researchers to focus on natural anti-inflammatory products (NAIPs). To review the effectiveness and mechanisms of NAIPs in the cellular microenvironment, examining their impact on OA cell phenotype and organelles levels. Additionally, we summarize relevant research on drug delivery systems and clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs), to promote clinical studies and explore natural product delivery options. English-language articles were searched on PubMed using the search terms "natural products," "OA," and so forth. We categorized search results based on PubChem and excluded "natural products" which are mix of ingredients or compounds without the structure message. Then further review was separately conducted for molecular mechanisms, drug delivery systems, and RCTs later. At present, it cannot be considered that NAIPs can thoroughly prevent or cure OA. Further high-quality studies on the anti-inflammatory mechanism and drug delivery systems of NAIPs are needed, to determine the appropriate drug types and regimens for clinical application, and to explore the combined effects of different NAIPs to prevent and treat OA.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of Gleason score(GS) 7 upgraded on radical prostatectomy(RP) and its impact on the prognosis of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to study 8832 men diagnosed with M0 GS 3+4/4+3 prostate cancer (PCa) from 2010 to 2015 treated by RP. Logistic regression was used to analyze the effect of clinicopathological characteristics on the Gleason sore upgraded. Cox hazards regression analysis was performed to find significant factors of overall survival (OS). RESULTS: A total of 6237 (70.6%) biopsy GS 3+4 patients and 2595(29.4%) biopsy GS 4+3 patients were included in the study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis found that prostate-specific antigen (PSA)>20ng/ml, T stage 3-4, lymph node metastasis are independent risk factors in predicting the incidence of GS upgraded after RP (all P<0.05). Through multivariate analysis, we found that black race, GS upgraded, chemotherapy played significant roles in predicting poor OS (all P<0.05). It was surprising to find that the biopsy GS upgraded in patients with PSA 0-4ng/ml and 4.1-10ng/ml had a significant association with poor OS (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that only in patients with PSA 4-10ng/ml, biopsy GS upgrade had a statistically important relationship with poor OS (P=0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Not all patients with GS 7 upgraded had a worse prognosis than those without GS upgraded. Only in patients with PSA 4.1-10ng/ml, biopsy GS 7 upgraded was an independent risk factor affecting OS.
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Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Gradação de Tumores , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Prognóstico , Próstata/patologia , Prostatectomia/métodos , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 18 F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18 F-FDG PET/CT) in predicting prognosis and characterizing the intratumoral glucose uptake of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 189 NEPC patients from two medical centers between January 2009 and April 2021. Of these, 44 patients met the inclusion criteria. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) was measured to assess the metabolic state of NEPC and comparison were made between different histopathological subtypes. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the predictive value of SUVmax on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: This study analyzed 44 NEPC patients and found that 13 patients had small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC), while 31 were diagnosed with adenocarcinoma with neuroendocrine differentiation (Ad-NED) based on histopathology, and a positive correlation was found between SUVmax and SCNC via Spearman correlation test (rs = 0.60, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, SUVmax demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy in differentiating SCNC from Ad-NED (area under the curve 0.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.99). Kaplan-Meier survival analyses and univariate analyses revealed that patients with SUVmax > 10.2 had a significantly shorter OS than patients with SUVmax ≤ 10.2 (hazard ratio = 4.83, 95% CI 1.45-16.1, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The histopathological subtypes in NEPC showed a close correlation with the glucose metabolic activity of primary tumors as assessed by 18 F-FDG PET/CT. High SUVmax values in primary prostate tumors were associated with a worse OS in NEPC patients.
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Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Neoplasias da Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Fluordesoxiglucose F18 , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
Laser reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with direct-write technology is promising to develop miniaturized energy storage devices because of highly flexible, mask-free, and chemical-free merits. However, laser reduction of GO is often accompanied with deflagration (spectacular and violent deoxygenating reaction), leading reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films into brittle and irregular internal structure which is harmful to the applications. Here, a pre-reduction strategy is demonstrated to avoid this deflagration and realize a uniform laser-reduced GO (LrGO) matrix for the application of flexible micro-supercapacitors (MSCs).The pre-reduction process with ascorbic acid decreases the content of oxygen-containing functional groups on GO in advance, and thus relieves gases emission and avoids unconstrained expansion during the laser reduction process. In addition, a self-assembled skeleton with pre-reduced GO (PGO) nanosheets could be constructed which is a more appropriate aforehand framework for laser reduction to establish controllable rGO films with the homogenous porosity. The quasi-solid-state MSCs assembled with laser-reduced PGO exhibit the maximum areal capacitance of 88.32 mF cm-2 , good cycling performance (capacitance retention of 82% after 2000 cycles), and outstanding flexibility (no capacitance degradation after bending for 5000 times). This finding provides opportunities to enhance quality of LrGO which is promising for micro-power devices and beyond.
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The development of new materials for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding is an important area of research, as it allows for the creation of more effective and high-efficient shielding solutions. In this sense, MXenes, a class of 2D transition metal carbides and nitrides have exhibited promising performances as EMI shielding materials. Electric conductivity, low density, and flexibility are some of the properties given by MXene materials, which make them very attractive in the field. Different processing techniques have been employed to produce MXene-based materials with EMI shielding properties. This review summarizes processes and the role of key parameters like the content of fillers and thickness in the desired EMI shielding performance. It also discusses the determination of power coefficients in defining the EMI shielding mechanism and the concept of green shielding materials, as well as their influence on the real application of a produced material. The review concludes with a summary of current challenges and prospects in the production of MXene materials as EMI shields.
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Emerging rechargeable aluminium batteries (RABs) offer a sustainable option for next-generation energy storage technologies with low cost and exemplary safety. However, the development of RABs is restricted by the limited availability of high-performance cathode materials. Herein, we report two polyimide two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D-COFs) cathodes with redox-bipolar capability in RAB. The optimal 2D-COF electrode achieves a high specific capacity of 132â mAh g-1 . Notably, the electrode presents long-term cycling stability (with a negligible ≈0.0007 % capacity decay per cycle), outperforming early reported organic RAB cathodes. 2D-COFs integrate n-type imide and p-type triazine active centres into the periodic porous polymer skeleton. With multiple characterizations, we elucidate the unique Faradaic reaction of the 2D-COF electrode, which involves AlCl2+ and AlCl4 - dual-ions as charge carriers. This work paves the avenue toward novel organic cathodes in RABs.
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative joint diseases, often involving the entire joint. The degeneration of articular cartilage is an important feature of OA, and there is growing evidence that the mitochondrial biogenesis master regulator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) exert a chondroprotective effect. PGC-1α delays the development and progression of OA by affecting mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative stress, mitophagy and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication in chondrocytes. In addition, PGC-1α can regulate the metabolic abnormalities of OA chondrocytes and inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis. In this paper, we review the regulatory mechanisms of PGC-1α and its effects on OA chondrocytes, and introduce potential drugs and novel nanohybrid for the treatment of OA which act by affecting the activity of PGC-1α. This information will help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of OA and provide new ideas for the development of therapeutic strategies for OA.