Development of a Dundee Ground Truth imaging protocol for recording indoor crime scenes to facilitate virtual reality reconstruction.

Early and accurate visualisation of a crime scene is highly desirable such that a rapid, agile, and informed decision-making process can be undertaken by an investigative team. We present a new standard operating procedure for imaging an indoor scene using DSLR cameras conventionally used by crime scene investigators and examiners. The standard operating procedure (SOP) enables the systematic photography of indoor spaces in such a way that the Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique can be implemented, allowing the scene to be recreated in Virtual Reality (VR). To demonstrate the method's validity, we compare two VR-rendered representations of an example scene using (a) photographs taken by an experienced crime scene examiner using a conventional photographic method and (b) photographs taken by a novice photographer following the developed SOP.

Cephalometric Predictors of Future need for Orthognathic Surgery in Korean Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Despite Long-term Use of Facemask with Miniplate.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cephalometric predictors of the future need for orthognathic surgery in Korean patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) despite long-term use of facemask with miniplate (FMMP). METHODS: The sample consisted of 53 UCLP patients treated by a single orthodontist using an identical protocol. Lateral cephalograms were taken before commencement of FMMP therapy (T0; mean age, 10.45 years), after FMMP therapy (T1; mean age, 14.72 years), and at follow-up (T2; mean age, 18.68 years). Twenty-eight cephalometric variables were measured. At T2 stage, the subjects were divided into FMMP-Nonsurgery (n = 33, 62.3%) and FMMP-Surgery (n = 20, 37.7%) groups according to cephalometric criteria (point A-nasion-point B [ANB] < -3°; Wits-appraisal < -5 mm; and Harvold unit difference [HUD] > 34 mm for FMMP-Surgery group). Statistical analyses including discrimination analysis were performed. RESULTS: In FMMP-Surgery group, the forward position of the mandible at T0 stage was maintained throughout the whole stages and Class III relationship worsened with significant growth of the mandibular body and ramus and counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla and mandible at the T1 and T2 stages. Six cephalometric variables at T0 stage including ANB, anteroposterior dysplasia indicator, Wits-appraisal, mandibular body length, HUD, and overjet were selected as effective predictors of the future need for surgical intervention to correct sagittal skeletal discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS: Despite long-term use of FMMP therapy, 37.7% of UCLP patients became candidates for orthognathic surgery. Therefore, differential diagnosis is necessary to predict the future need for orthognathic surgery at early age.

Reliability of landmark identification on monitor-displayed lateral cephalometric images.

INTRODUCTION: Our objective was to compare the reliability of landmark identification with hard-copied film images vs monitor-displayed images from digital lateral cephalograms. METHODS: We randomly selected 50 orthodontic patients. Identification and digitization of the cephalometric landmarks were performed 3 times at 2-week intervals by 2 observers. The 2 methods of landmark identification were the hard-copied film-based method (HFM) and the monitor-displayed method (MDM). Each landmark was expressed as Cartesian coordinates (x and y). Two-factorial repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze differences in landmark identification and to estimate the characteristics of the landmarks with high errors. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were computed to assess interobserver reliability and intraobserver reliability between the methods. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in landmark identification between the 2 methods. The only significant differences between the observers were for porion, pogonion, and the most concave point of the anterior border of the ramus of both sides (R1).The interaction between method and observer did not show a significant difference. A test for intraobserver reliability showed excellent ICC of more than 0.910 except for basion and R1 with HFM. However, with MDM, all landmarks had excellent ICC scores of more than 0.98. MDM is better than HFM in situations of higher radiopacity or radiolucency. Assessment of interobserver reliability showed excellent ICC. However, MDM had better reliability than HFM for basion and R1. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in landmark identification between MDM and HFM.