RESUMO
RATIONALE: Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL) is a rare subtype of cutaneous lymphoma, which was first defined as a clinical entity in 1991 as a cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma preferentially infiltrating subcutaneous tissue. Herein, we report 2 patients of SPTCL who are a pair of twin brothers. PATIENT CONCERNS: The disease afflicted the monozygotic twin brothers at different time with an interval period of 5 years. The older twin brother had disease onset at 27 years of age. In June 2012, he developed prolonged fever accompanied by subcutaneous nodules in the left upper arm and left chest due to unknown origin. The younger twin brother had disease onset at 32 years of age. In June 2017, the younger brother presented with repeated high fever for more than 10 days, accompanied by head distension. DIAGNOSIS: On August 7, 2012, skin biopsy was performed on the lesion of left upper arm of the older twin brother, and then, a diagnosis of subcutaneous panniculitis-like T cell lymphoma (SPTCL) was made. On June 19, 2017, the younger twin brother underwent whole-body fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography for diagnosis. Soon afterwards, abdominal subcutaneous nodule resection and biopsy was performed on June 28, 2018, and the specimen was diagnosed as SPTCL. INTERVENTIONS: For the older brother, a total of 14 systemic chemotherapy sessions were performed from August 16, 2012, to September 21, 2014. For the younger brother, a total of 9 systemic chemotherapy sessions were performed from July 14, 2017, to March 8, 2018, then he was switched to oral chemotherapy with chidamide twice a week for 6 months. OUTCOMES: The older twin brother died in March 2015, the younger brother has recovered well and is no longer receiving any treatment LESSONS:: To the best of our knowledge, twin brothers both having this disease has never been previously reported. Moreover, some of the involved areas are also extremely rare detected by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography at initial stage. It is beneficial to people to gain some new understanding for SPTCL by this special case and some extremely unusual involved sites in the younger twin brother.