Tabaquismo: su relación con personalidad y variables sociales / Smoking, their relationship to personality and social variables

El tabaquismo es una enfermedad adictiva y crónica la cual se ha asociado a distintos factores. El objetivo fue investigar la asociación entre las características de la personalidad con la condición tabáquica usando el cuestionario de personalidad de Eysenck (EPQ-R) y evaluar las condiciones sociales del individuo y de su entorno que se asocian en esta patología. Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y de corte transversal mediante una encuesta auto administrada a 205 personas, hombres y mujeres con una edad promedio de 46 años. Desarrollado en la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina periodo 2013-2015. En nuestras conclusiones destacamos una asociación dentro de las variables sociales entre el nivel de escolaridad más bajo, si fumaba el padre, si fumaban los amigos en la infancia/adolescencia y además si tenían muchos amigos en la infancia con el tabaquismo. Al evaluar los rasgos de la personalidad observamos un mayor número de personas que probaron marihuana con niveles más altos en neuroticismo y en las escalas de mentira. Las personas fumadoras con rasgos de extroversión altos tenían muchos amigos fumadores en la infancia. Analizando la condición tabáquica con personalidad encontramos niveles más altos en neuroticismo en los tabaquistas. Creemos muy importante identificar los rasgos de la personalidad en nuestras poblaciones a fin de definir mejor su implicancia en el comportamiento normal y anormal de la sociedad. Conocer e identificar estas variables predictoras del inicio y mantenimiento del tabaquismo, ayudaría a mejorar las estrategias preventivas y de tratamiento de esta enfermedad pudiendo ser otra herramienta valiosa para tratar esta patología.

Cigarette smoking is an addictive and chronic disease that has been associated to various factors. The objective was to investigate the association between personality characters with a smoking condition using the Eysenck questionnaire (EPQ-R) and to evaluate the social variables that influence this pathology. A descriptive and transversal observational study was performed through a self-administered survey that involved 205 people, men and women with an average of 46 years of age. Realized in the province of Mendoza Argentina during the period of 2013-2015. In our conclusion we wish to outstand within the social variable, an association with the low level of education, if a parent smoked and having friends in their childhood and teenage years related with smoking. When personality features were evaluated, we observed a greater number of people who had tried marihuana with higher levels of neuroticism and in the lying scales. People who smoked, who had high extroversion features, had many smoking friends in their childhood. Analyzing the smoking condition with personality, we found higher levels of neuroticism in actual smokers. We believe it to be very important to identify the personality features in our population, in able to identify its implication in the normal or abnormal behavior of society. Being able to know and identify these predictable variables associated with the initiation and maintained smoking habit, would help better prevention strategies and treatment of this disease, it would be another valuable tool to treat this pathology.

Skeletal involvement in Gaucher disease: An observational multicenter study of prognostic factors in the Argentine Gaucher disease patients.

Patients with Gaucher type 1 (GD1) throughout Argentina were enrolled in the Argentine bone project to evaluate bone disease and its determinants. We focused on presence and predictors of bone lesions (BL) and their relationship to therapeutic goals (TG) with timing and dose of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT). A total of 124 patients on ERT were enrolled in a multi-center study. All six TG were achieved by 82% of patients: 70.1% for bone pain and 91.1% for bone crisis. However, despite the fact that bone TGs were achieved, residual bone disease was present in 108 patients on ERT (87%) at time 0. 16% of patients showed new irreversible BL (bone infarcts and avascular osteonecrosis) despite ERT, suggesting that they appeared during ERT or were not detected at the moment of diagnosis. We observed 5 prognostic factors that predicted a higher probability of being free of bone disease: optimal ERT compliance; early diagnosis; timely initiation of therapy; ERT initiation dose ≥45 UI/kg/EOW; and the absence of history of splenectomy. Skeletal involvement was classified into 4 major phenotypic groups according to BL: group 1 (12.9%) without BL; group 2 (28.2%) with reversible BL; group 3 (41.9%) with reversible BL and irreversible chronic BL; and group 4 (16.9%) with acute irreversible BL. Our study identifies prognostic factors for achieving best therapeutic outcomes, introduces new risk stratification for patients and suggests the need for a redefinition of bone TG. Am. J. Hematol. 91:E448-E453, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Comparación de las pruebas de función pulmonar en población adulta sana de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, con valores de referencia internacionales / Comparison of Pulmonary Function Tests in Healthy Adult Population in Mendoza Province, Argentina, with International Reference Values

Las pruebas de función pulmonar (PFP) son herramientas de gran utilidad clínica, que presentan diferencias regionales, étnicas y antropométricas. El objetivo es realizar PFP a adultos sanos de la Provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, para comparar los valores obtenidos en dicha población con los valores de referencia internacionales y determinar si existe adecuada correlación. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, transversal, observacional y descriptivo, desde noviembre 2011 a junio 2013 que incluyó a 103 personas. Se realizaron las siguientes PFP: espirometría, test de marcha de 6 minutos (T6m), presiones bucales máximas y flujo pico espiratorio (FPE). Se compararon con valores de referencia, para espirometría con NHANES III y para T6m con Enright, utilizando el modelo de regresión lineal; en el caso de FPE por comparar dos instrumentos de medición se utilizó además el método de Bland-Altman. Se observó una adecuada correlación entre los valores obtenidos en la población de Mendoza y los valores de referencia propuestos por NHANES III especialmente en el VEF1. En el caso de VEF1/CVF el uso de límite inferior de la normalidad resultó más adecuado para definir normalidad. El T6m mostró una menor distancia recorrida en la muestra estudiada. Se observó una inadecuada correlación de presiones bucales máximas entre la muestra y los valores de referencia. Se observó buena correlación entre la medición de FPE automatizado y portátil. Este es el primer estudio epidemiológico de valores normales en pruebas de función respiratoria en la población de Mendoza por lo que presenta una contribución en el conocimiento de nuestra región.

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are useful clinical tools, presenting regional, ethnic, and anthropometric differences. The aim was to perform PFTs among healthy adults in the Mendoza province, Argentina, so as to compare the values obtained in the aforesaid population with the international reference values, and determine if there is an adequate correlation. From November 2011 to June 2013, a prospective, transversal, observational and descriptive study was performed, with the participation of 103 healthy adults. The following PFTs were performed: spirometry, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), maximum static mouth pressures, and Peak Expiratory Flow. They were compared with the reference values, for spirometry with NHANES III and for T6m with Enright, using the lineal regression model; for Peak Expiratory Flow, since two measurement instruments were compared, the Bland-Altman method was also used. An adequate correlation was observed to exist between the values in Mendoza and the reference values proposed by NHANES III, particularly in the FEV1. As for FEV1/FVC, the use of the lower limit of normality was more appropriate in defining normality. The 6MWT showed that a shorter distance was covered by the tested population sample. The correlation observed for the maximum static mouth pressures between the population sample and the reference values was inadequate. An adequate correlation was observed between the automated and the portable Peak Expiratory Flow measurements. This is the first epidemiological study of normal PFT values in the Mendoza population, which contributes to the knowledge about our region.