Pavement Quality Evaluation Using Connected Vehicle Data.

Modern vehicles have extensive instrumentation that can be used to actively assess the condition of infrastructure such as pavement markings, signs, and pavement smoothness. Currently, pavement condition evaluations are performed by state and federal officials typically using the industry standard of the International Roughness Index (IRI) or visual inspections. This paper looks at the use of on-board sensors integrated in Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) connected vehicles to obtain crowdsource estimates of ride quality using the International Rough Index (IRI). This paper presents a case study where over 112 km (70 mi) of Interstate-65 in Indiana were assessed, utilizing both an inertial profiler and connected production vehicle data. By comparing the inertial profiler to crowdsourced connected vehicle data, there was a linear correlation with an R2 of 0.79 and a p-value of <0.001. Although there are no published standards for using connected vehicle roughness data to evaluate pavement quality, these results suggest that connected vehicle roughness data is a viable tool for network level monitoring of pavement quality.

Incorrect measurements and misleading conclusions in the article "Comparison of the efficacy of tooth alignment among lingual and labial brackets: an in vitro study".

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: To reproduce the methods and results of the study by Alobeid et al. (2018) in which the efficacy of tooth alignment using conventional labial and lingual orthodontic bracket systems was assessed. MATERIALS/METHODS: We used the identical experimental protocol and tested (i) regular twin bracket (GAC-Twin [Dentsply]) and lingual twin bracket systems (Incognito [3M]), (ii) together with NiTi 0.014" wires (RMO), and (iii) a simulated malocclusion with a displaced maxillary central incisor in the x-axis (2 mm gingivally) and in the z-axis (2 mm labially). RESULTS: The method described by Alobeid et al. (2018) is not reproducible, and cannot be used to assess the efficacy of tooth alignment in labial or lingual orthodontic treatment. Major flaws concern the anteroposterior return of the Thermaloy-NiTi wire ligated with stainless steel ligatures. The reproduced experimental setting showed that a deflected Thermaloy-NiTi wire DOES NOT move back at all to its initial stage (= 0 per cent correction) because of friction and binding (see supplemented video), neither with the tested labial nor with the lingual brackets. Furthermore, an overcorrection of up to 138 per cent, which the authors indicate for some labial bracket-wire combinations and which deserves the characterization "irreal", stresses the inappropriateness of the method of measurement.Further flaws include: a) incorrect interpretation of the measurement results, where a tooth tripping around (overcorrection) is interpreted as a better outcome than a perfect 100 per cent correction; b) using a statistical test in an inappropriate and misleading way; c) uncritical copying of text passages from older publications to describe the method, which do not correspond to this experimental protocol and lead to calculation errors; d) wrong citations; e)differences in table and bar graph values of the same variable; f) using a lingual mushroom shaped 0.013" Thermaloy-NiTi wire which does not exist; g) drawing uncritical conclusions of so called "clinical relevance" from a very limited in vitro testing. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical recommendations based on in vitro measurements using the Orthodontic Measurement and Simulation System (OMSS) should be read with caution.

[Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: long-term periodontal and functional evaluation after orthodontic space closure with first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion]. / Agénésie congénitale des incisives latérales maxillaires : évaluation parodontale et fonctionnelle à long terme après fermeture orthodontique de l'espace avec ingression de la première prémolaire et égression de la canine.

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this investigation were to evaluate associations between orthodontic space closure (including first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion for esthetic reasons) and periodontal tissue deterioration over a 10-year period in subjects with one or both missing maxillary lateral incisors and to investigate the occurrence of signs or symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study comprising patients treated by the same orthodontist. The agenesis group included 26 consecutive adolescent and young adult patients (9 male, 17 female) treated with space closure. The control group consisted of 32 orthodontic patients (12 male, 20 female) with no missing teeth and no need for extractions. In the agenesis group, full-mouth probing pocket depths and bleeding on probing were recorded at six locations for each of 657 teeth (3942 periodontal sites). In the control group, comparative data were collected for the maxillary first molars, premolars, canines, and lateral incisors, a total of 264 teeth (1584 periodontal sites). Mobility and gingival recession were also evaluated. Patients in both groups completed questionnaires concerning symptoms related to TMD. RESULTS: The full-mouth assessments in the agenesis group generally demonstrated periodontally healthy conditions, with probing depths below 4 mm and few bleeding sites. Some slight recessions were found, mostly on molars and second premolars, and there was normal mobility of first premolars that substituted for canines. Comparisons between the agenesis and control groups showed no statistically significant differences for the maxillary teeth regarding increased pocket depth (≥ 4 mm) or increased mobility. Interproximal sites in the agenesis group showed less bleeding on probing than in the control group; this was statistically significant. Anterior teeth in the agenesis group did not show any more recession than in the controls. In addition, we observed no difference in signs or symptoms between the two groups; this might be due to the limited sample size or the drawbacks of the surveys of TMD through subjects' recall. Thus, the long-term periodontal tissue health and the incidence of dysfunction or TMD signs were similar in the space-closure agenesis group and in the control group of nonextraction orthodontic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic space closure including first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion in patients with missing lateral incisors does not incur risks for periodontal tissue deterioration or TMD in the long term.

Congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: Long-term periodontal and functional evaluation after orthodontic space closure with first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion.

INTRODUCTION: The aims of this investigation were to evaluate associations between orthodontic space closure (including first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion for esthetic reasons) and periodontal tissue deterioration over a 10-year period in subjects with one or both missing maxillary lateral incisors and to investigate the occurrence of signs or symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study comprising patients treated by the same orthodontist. The agenesis group included 26 consecutive adolescent and young adult patients (9 male, 17 female) treated with space closure. The control group consisted of 32 orthodontic patients (12 male, 20 female) with no missing teeth and no need for extractions. In the agenesis group, full-mouth probing pocket depths and bleeding on probing were recorded at 6 locations for each of 657 teeth (3942 periodontal sites). In the control group, comparative data were collected for the maxillary first molars, premolars, canines, and lateral incisors, a total of 264 teeth (1584 periodontal sites). Mobility and gingival recession were also evaluated. Patients in both groups completed questionnaires concerning symptoms related to TMD. RESULTS: The full-mouth assessments in the agenesis group generally demonstrated periodontally healthy conditions, with probing depths below 4 mm and few bleeding sites. Some slight recessions were found, mostly on molars and second premolars, and there was normal mobility of first premolars that substituted for canines. Comparisons between the agenesis and control groups showed no statistically significant differences for the maxillary teeth regarding increased pocket depth (≥4 mm) or increased mobility. Interproximal sites in the agenesis group showed less bleeding on probing than in the control group; this was statistically significant. Anterior teeth in the agenesis group did not show any more recession than in the controls. In addition, we observed no difference in signs or symptoms between the 2 groups; this might be due to the limited sample size or the drawbacks of the surveys of TMD through subjects' recall. Thus, the long-term periodontal tissue health and the incidence of dysfunction or TMD signs were similar in the space-closure agenesis group and in the control group of nonextraction orthodontic patients. CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic space closure including first premolar intrusion and canine extrusion in patients with missing lateral incisors does not incur risks for periodontal tissue deterioration or TMD in the long term.

Multistranded wire bonded retainers: from start to success.

Fixed or bonded retainers are routinely placed at the end of orthodontic treatment. Wires of various types and sizes are available, and they can be bonded labially or lingually. This article presents the background for and evolution of multistranded fixed retainers and gives clinical recommendations for their use. Based on my over 20 years' experience, I recommend a 5-stranded 0.0215-in-diameter wire.

Clinical outcomes of cases with missing lateral incisors treated with the 'T'-Mesialslider.

The objective of this article is to review the fabrication and activation procedures of the 'T'-Mesialslider and to present the clinical outcomes in cases where canine substitution is the treatment of choice for missing maxillary lateral incisors. The 'T'-Mesialslider allows for effective mesial translation of the canines and the posterior dentition, without significant loss of anterior anchorage and with good vertical control. Possible adverse effects of the appliance and clinical recommendations for their management are also discussed. In canine substitution cases with high anchorage demands, the 'T'-Mesialslider provides an effective treatment option.

State of the science on controversial topics: orthodontic therapy and gingival recession (a report of the Angle Society of Europe 2013 meeting).

BACKGROUND: Controversy exists in the literature between the role of orthodontic treatment and gingival recession. Whilst movement of teeth outside the alveolar bone has been reported as a risk factor for gingival recession, others have found no such association. FINDINGS: The Angle Society of Europe devoted a study day to explore the evidence surrounding these controversies. The aim of the day was for a panel of experts to evaluate the current evidence base in relation to either the beneficial or detrimental effects of orthodontic treatment on the gingival tissue. CONCLUSIONS: There remains a relatively weak evidence base for the role of orthodontic treatment and gingival recession and thus a need to undertake a risk assessment and appropriate consent prior to the commencement of treatment. In further prospective, well designed trials are needed.

Dental health assessed after interproximal enamel reduction: caries risk in posterior teeth.

INTRODUCTION: We investigated whether careful interdental enamel reduction (using extrafine diamond disks with air cooling, followed by contouring with triangular diamond burs and polishing) leads to increased caries risk in premolars and first molars. METHODS: Our subjects were 43 consecutive patients from 19 to 71 years of age who had received mesiodistal enamel reduction of anterior and posterior teeth 4 to 6 years previously. Dental caries were assessed on standardized bite-wing radiographs according to a 5-grade scale and with a fine-tip explorer catch. The incidence of interproximal caries was compared between reproximated and unground contralateral surfaces in the same patient. Patients were asked about their toothbrushing habits, use of dental floss and toothpicks, and regular fluoride supplementation after the orthodontic appliances were removed. RESULTS: The overall clinical impression generally showed healthy dentitions with excellent occlusion. Only 7 (2.5%) new caries lesions (all grade 1) were found among 278 reproximated mesial or distal surfaces, in 3 patients. Among 84 contralateral unground reference tooth surfaces, 2 lesions (2.4%) were seen. On nonpaired premolars and molars that had not been ground, 23 surfaces had to be referred for caries treatment (grade 3 or occlusal caries). Eleven of these occurred in 1 patient. None of the 43 patients reported increased sensitivity to temperature variations. CONCLUSIONS: Interdental enamel reduction with this protocol did not result in increased caries risk in posterior teeth. We found no evidence that proper mesiodistal enamel reduction within recognized limits and in appropriate situations will cause harm to the teeth and supporting structures.

Planning esthetic treatment after avulsion of maxillary incisors.

BACKGROUND: When a young patient accidentally loses two neighboring maxillary incisors, the choice of treatment plan is difficult. Although implant restorations are a popular option, they cannot be placed until skeletal growth is finished. Furthermore, the use of two neighboring implant crowns represents a considerable challenge from an esthetic point of view. This case report describes an innovative solution that combined autotransplantation of a developing premolar and orthodontic space closure. CASE DESCRIPTION: An 11-year-old girl sought treatment for avulsion of both her maxillary right lateral incisor and her central incisor, which occurred as a result of a horseback-riding accident. Replantation by her general dentist was unsuccessful. An oral surgeon transplanted the mandibular right second premolar to the injury site, and the author moved the maxillary right quadrant mesially to close all spaces. The first premolar was intruded, and the canine extruded, to provide normal marginal gingival contours. A prosthodontist, working with his dental technician, restored the "abnormal" crowns with three porcelain veneers. The outcome was almost indistinguishable from a natural dentition. CONCLUSIONS: and CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: When faced with treating severe traumatic injuries in growing patients, even after avulsion of incisors, clinicians working in cooperation can optimize the outcome. A combination of transplantation and space closure may represent the best treatment option, particularly when coupled with elements of esthetic dentistry. The advantage of this approach is that a concomitant malocclusion can be treated simultaneously, and that the treatment result is permanent. Interdisciplinary cooperation between orthodontists and other dentists, such as oral surgeons, prosthodontists and general practitioners, appears to be of increasing importance in achieving high-quality treatment results in such cases.

Contact damage to root surfaces of premolars touching miniscrews during orthodontic treatment.

INTRODUCTION: Our aim in this clinical study was to examine premolar root surfaces after intentional contact with miniscrews. METHODS: Ten patients (5 male, 5 female; mean age, 15.8 years; range, 13.5-23.2 years) with 2 maxillary first premolars to be extracted as part of their orthodontic treatment participated in the study. Two miniscrews were placed in each patient, and the first premolar roots were tipped into contact with the miniscrews by using tipping springs with a standardized force. Half of the experimental teeth were kept in contact with the screws for 4 weeks (mild resorption) and the other half for 8 weeks (severe resorption). In 5 patients, the screws were removed, and, in the remaining 5, the springs were removed to allow the roots to move back. The roots were allowed to recover for 4 or 8 weeks before extraction. Two premolars with accidental direct contact were used as controls. All teeth were prepared, coated, and examined with scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: In the control group, the periodontal ligament was removed and the dentin surface denuded. The experimental groups showed signs of resorption with structural surface irregularities. However, no apparent denuded dentin surfaces were seen. Although some resorption lacunae were still discernible at 8 weeks, the collagen fibers fully covered the affected areas. The immature fiber organization in the deepest crater represented the ongoing process of fiber reorganization, compared with the fully matured surface areas surrounding the crater. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that root surfaces that touch miniscrews show swift repair and almost complete healing within a few weeks after removal of the screw or the orthodontic force. These findings are based on 10 patients only; verification in a larger study sample is needed.