Possibilities of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer.

The increasing popularity of the concept of liquid biopsy, which involves the definition of circulating tumor cells and circulating nucleic acids in the blood can significantly improve long-term results of treatment for gastric cancer due to the high sensitivity of techniques. It needs further study in relation to gastric cancer, the search for universal markers and methods.

Diffusive Propagation of Exciton-Polaritons through Thin Crystal Slabs.

If light beam propagates through matter containing point impurity centers, the amount of energy absorbed by the media is expected to be either independent of the impurity concentration N or proportional to N, corresponding to the intrinsic absorption or impurity absorption, respectively. Comparative studies of the resonant transmission of light in the vicinity of exciton resonances measured for 15 few-micron GaAs crystal slabs with different values of N, reveal a surprising tendency. While N spans almost five decimal orders of magnitude, the normalized spectrally-integrated absorption of light scales with the impurity concentration as N(1/6). We show analytically that this dependence is a signature of the diffusive mechanism of propagation of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor.

[Endovideosurgical interventions for thoracoabdominal wounds].

The authors presented results of examination and treatment of 1347 patients with different injuries of the chest and abdomen. Medico-diagnostic measures used in treatment of such kind of patients with rational application of endovideosurgical techniques such as thoraco- and laparoscopy are described which proved to be the final kind of operative treatment.

[Diaphragmatic hernias. Diagnosis and surgical treatment].

The authors present results of the examination and treatment of 106 patients with hernias of the diaphragm of different genesis. In 79 of them there were non-incarcerated hernias, in 27--there were incarcerated hernias. The authors suggest necessary medico-diagnostic measures with rational application of endovideosurgical technologies such as thoraco- and laproscopy which were used in 74%.

[Thoracoscopy in verification and treatment of pleural exudate syndrome under conditions of a multifield hospital].

Under an analysis of results of treatment of 186 patients with pleural exudate syndrome there were 139 patients treated by traditional methods, 47 patients treated using the proposed medico-diagnostic program based on using thoracosopy under local anesthesia. Using the proposed medico-diagnostic measures can be used at any multifield hospital where patients with pleural exudate syndrome are admitted although the hospital has neither phthisiatrical nor phthisiothoracic departments.

[Thoracoscopy in the diagnostics and treatment of chest injury].

The authors have analyzed their experience with treatment of 67 casualties with injuries of the chest of different character. The diagnostic and treatment algorithm was based on the principle of using primary thoracoscopy with local anesthesia during draining the pleural cavity. The proposed algorithm can be used at any hospital rendering emergency to casualties with injuries of the chest independent of the level of available equipment.

[Study of analgesic effect of novel imidazoline derivatives and their effect on arterial pressure during pain]. / Izuchenie boleutoliaiushchego deistviia novykh proizvodnykh imidazolina i ikh vliianiia na arterial'noe davlenie v usloviiakh bolevogo vozdeistviia.

In rat experiments new imidazoline derivatives caused a pain-relieving effect and inhibited a rise in arterial pressure in pain. Fluoride derivatives of imidazoline in doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg induced long-term analgesia, had no effect on the background arterial blood pressure (AP), and significantly reduced its nociceptive pressor responses. The bromide derivatives of imidazoline showed no noticeable pain-relieving activity but reduced the nociceptive AP shifts. The background AP parameters did not change in this case. The prospects of directed chemical modification of imidazoline derivatives to obtain new analgesics capable of reducing the undesirable hemodynamic manifestations of pain are discussed.

Structure of microcin C51, a new antibiotic with a broad spectrum of activity.

The structure of microcin C51, a new antibiotic produced by E. coli, has been determined. This antibiotic was shown to be a 1.18 kDa nucleotide peptide. It consists of a heptapeptide with formylmethionine as the N-terminus and a C-terminal asparagine linked with nebularin-5'-monophosphate through the three-methylene bridge. The OH-group of threonine is substituted. The peptide chain of microcin C51 synthesized on ribosomes is the longest among the known biologically active nucleotide peptides.

[Preparation and characteristics of a tritiated derivative of CP-96,345--a nonpeptide antagonist of the substance P receptor with a high specific radioactivity]. / Poluchenie i kharakteristika tritirovannogo proizvodnogo CP-96,345-- nepeptidnogo antagonista retseptora veshchestva P--s vysokoi udel'noi radioaktivnost'iu.

[3H]CP-96.345 with the specific radioactivity of 84.2 Ci/mmol has been prepared from CP-96.345 by the high-temperature solid state isotopic exchange. The tritiated compound was equipotent with the parent antagonist in inhibiting the iodinated substance P binding to brain membranes from various species. Direct binding of [3H]CP-96.345 was detected by radioligand analysis using the striatum-enriched membranes from the guinea-pig brain.

Cloning and mapping of the genetic determinants for microcin C51 production and immunity.

Microcin C51 is a small peptide antibiotic produced by Escherichia coli cells harbouring the 38 kb low copy number plasmid pC51, which codes for microcin production and immunity. The genetic determinants for microcin synthesis and immunity were cloned into the vectors pBR325, pUC19 and pACYC184. Physical and phenotypic analysis of deletion derivatives and mutant plasmids bearing insertions of transposon Tn5 showed that a DNA fragment of about 5 kb is required for microcin C51 synthesis and expression of complete immunity to microcin. Partial immunity can be provided by a 2 kb DNA fragment. Mutant plasmids were tested for their ability to complement Mic- mutations. Results of these experiments indicate that at least three plasmid genes are required for microcin production. The host OmpR function is also necessary for microcin C51 synthesis.

[The concept of including psychiatry in insurance medicine]. / Kontseptsiia vkhozhdeniia psikhiatrii v strakhovuiu meditsinu.

Arguments for restructuring of psychiatric service on the principles of medical insurance are given. Because mental disorders are characterized by chronic development and high disability rate, the necessity of mixed budget-insurance financing of psychiatry is grounded. Obligatory state insurance must be conducted for all mentally ill persons. However, only a certain part of outpatient care and the treatment period in hospital are to be insured, while the remaining part of outpatient visits or hospital stay will be financed from the budget. The method of calculation of the incurred number of the doctor's visits and the length of hospital stay during the year is discussed.

[Distribution of labeled amino acids and delta-sleep inducing peptide in the body after instillation into the conjunctiva of the rabbit eye]. / Raspredelenie mechenykh aminokislot i peptida, vyzyvaiushchego del'ta-son, v organizme pri instiliatsii na kon"iunktivu glaza krolika.

Dynamics of 3H-valine, 3H-glycine and 3H-DSIP distribution in various brain structures, tissues and liquids of an organism due to administration of these substances in eye conjunctive were studied in rabbits with scintillation spectrometry method. Marked amino acids and DSIP were observed in all substrates in 10 min after administration. Maximal activity was found in 2 h in the brain visual cortex and in 30 min in cardiac tissue, spleen and optical chiasma.

[Analysis of highly tritium-labeled alanine using 3H- and 1H-NMR]. / Analiz vysokomechennogo tritiem alanina s pomoshch'iu 3H- i 1H-IaMR.

A method has been developed for the analysis of deuterium oxide solutions of tritiated alanine eight-component isotopic mixtures by using high resolution 3H and 1H NMR spectra at frequencies 266.8 and 500.13 MHc, respectively. Approaches have been worked out for the determination of qualitative composition of the mixtures and spectral parameters.

[Microcin R51 and a plasmid determining its synthesis]. / Mikrotsin R51 i plazmida, opredeliaiushchaia ego sintez.

A new microcin produced by an Citrobacter R51 strain has been detected. This antibiotic has been shown to inhibit the growth of a number of Gram-negative as well as Gram-positive strains of bacteria on the minimal medium plates. The properties of partially purified microcin were characterized. Constitutive synthesis of microcin is determined by a conjugative plasmid. The genes of microcin synthesis and immunity were cloned on a plasmid and plasmid vehicles. A physical map of the 12 kb fragment coding for the production of microcin R51 and immunity to this antibiotic is presented.

[Clinico-statistical grouping of patients on the basis of the duration of treatment in psychiatric hospitals]. / KLiniko-statisticheskie gruppy bol'nykh, vydelennykh po dlitel'- nosti ikh lecheniia v psikhiatricheskikh bol'nitsakh.

Nine clinico-statistic groups of patients were distinguished on the basis of the time of inpatient treatment of the non-randomized group of mental patients (n-57328) discharged during one year from the Moscow psychiatric hospitals, bearing in mind the diagnosis, age and the presence of a grave somatic illness. Each of these groups is characterized by the mean period of inpatient treatment, which makes it possible to use them for economic calculations in introduction of the cost accounting into activities of the psychiatric services.

[Activities of the department for psychiatric patients with severe somatic diseases]. / Deiatel'nost' otdelenii dlia psikhicheskikh bol'nykh s tiazhelymi somaticheskimi zabolevaniiami.

Organizational forms of health care delivery for patients with combined somatic and mental pathology have been analyzed. The characteristics of the system of referrals, hospital admissions and treatment in psychiatric departments for patients with combined severe somatic and mental pathology is described. The basic tasks and functions of such departments are listed. Somatic diseases are presented according to the groups of diseases, most frequently occurring in mentally ill patients.