RESUMO
In June 2014, Albania was granted EU candidate status, thus starting a process of compliance with the membership criteria. In this context, a modern meat inspection approach in line with the European legislation was applied to a pig slaughterhouse in northern Albania in order to investigate the ante-mortem (AM) and post-mortem (PM) conditions and the relationship between these findings. For this purpose, 3930 pigs divided into 35 batches were evaluated over a 3-month period. The most frequent AM conditions recorded were tail lesions and dyspnea (9.1%), followed by skin (8.9%) and ear lesions (8.5%), while in the PM inspections, pleuritis was the most frequently observed condition (10.2%), followed by pneumonia (8.5%), liver alterations (5.7%), milk spot liver (3.8%), and pericarditis (3.3%). With the exception of liver alterations, the other PM lesions mentioned were positively associated with lesions on the ears (OR = 1.036; p < 0.001) and skin (OR = 1.026; p = 0.011) and dyspnea (OR = 1.021; p = 0.005), confirming the link between these variables and the health and welfare conditions of pigs on farms. Overall, the evidence that emerged from this Albanian slaughterhouse can be considered in line with other European contexts, especially in light of the considerable variability in the data present in the literature.
RESUMO
In order to estimate the presence and the seroprevalence of hypodermosis in Albania, 625 head of cattle were bled during two sampling seasons (i.e. from February to March 2003 and from November to December 2003). The cattle came from three collection sites in Northern (site A), Central (site B) and Southern (site C) Albania. Milk samples were collected monthly from four animals from October 2002 to May 2003 during the lactating period. The animals were also clinically examined for the presence of warbles by manual palpation from April to July 2003 and 2004 and third instar larvae were collected and morphologically identified. Serum and milk samples were processed by ELISA. One hundred and thirty-three (38.6%) out of 344 and 116 (41.3%) out of 281 animals were found to be seropositive for Hypoderma during the first and the second sampling season. In particular, the animals from site C presented the highest percentage of seropositive results (i.e. 72.8% and 97.8% in the first and in second year, respectively) followed by the animals from sites A (i.e. 35.8% and 23.8% in the first and in second year, respectively) and B (i.e. 17.8% and 3.4% in the first and in second year, respectively). The kinetics of anti-Hypoderma antibodies in milk samples showed the highest antibody titres from October to February 2003. All the seropositive animals in both the sampling periods showed the presence of one or more warbles under the skin during April and May 2003 and 2004 and the third-stage larvae collected were morphologically identified as Hypoderma bovis. The results of this survey indicate that hypodermosis is widespread in Albania and that early prophylactic treatments must be carried out accordingly. The hope is not only to reduce the parasitic intensity with obvious benefits for livestock production, but also to avoid the risk of spreading this parasitic disease to neighboring countries.